大学英语 Unit 9 Song of Defiance

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1、Unit 9 Song of Defiance . Background informationStudents: college English learners Lesson duration: 8 class hours.Teaching ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson, students should achieve the following objectives: 1. Knowledge objectives:l Grasp all the important words in text A and text B. l Text Struct

2、ure and difficult sentences.2. Ability objectives:l Oral ability: talk about the important events in history; l Writing ability: write about a event that happened in history. 3. Strategy objectives: Predicting, skimming, scanning, guessing, summarizing 4. Moral objectives: Know the importance of kee

3、ping peace and cherishing life.Teaching contents Text A The ShelterText B: The SmileType of the lesson: reading .Key and difficult points 1. Key points: lVocabulary of the two textslText structure2. Difficult points：lDifficult sentences in Text AlReading strategies such as skimming, scanning, guessi

4、ng etc. .Teaching approach Task-Based Language Teaching Approach.Learning strategies lReading for main idea and specific informationlPredicting, skimming, scanning, guessing and summarizing.Teaching aids Whiteboard, whiteboard pen , ppt. . Teaching procedures Step1 Pre-reading Activities 1. Warming

5、-up Questions for discussion:1) What do you know about Hitler? 2) Do you know anything about the concentration camp? 3) What do you know about the Second World War? 2. Background Information 1) The Second World War Some special terms: a) The Allies （同盟国）: Britain the US the USSR b) The Axis （轴心国）： G

6、ermany Italy Japan Chronology: September 1, 1939 The Second World War in Europe started with the German armies pouring across the Polish frontier. April, 1940 Denmark and Norway were conquered. May 10, 1940 Hitlers troops drove into France and within the following six weeks, Holland, Belgium and Lux

7、embourg surrendered just as France did. June 22, 1941 Hitler launched his long-term attack on the Soviet Union. September, 1942 February, 1943 A decisive battle was fought at Stalingrad, which was the turning point of the war. December, 1941 The U. S. A. entered the war after the Japanese planes bom

8、bed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. June 6, 1944 American, British and Canadian forces landed in Normandy and opened the second front in Europe. May 2, 1945 The Soviet army conquered Berlin. May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered. Adolf Hitlers invasion of Poland in September, 1939, ignited (点燃) W

9、orld War II. One by one, Europes nations surrendered before Germanys mechanized armies. Only Britain held firm. While the Allies (同盟国) conferred (协商), treachery (背叛) approached from the East. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor. The next day, the United States entered th

10、e war. The war continued for almost four more years, spreading to North Africa and the Pacific area. On “D-Day”, June 6, 1944, the Allied troops began the liberation of Europe. Within a year, Germany surrendered. To subdue (使屈服) Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

11、. Then Japan formally surrendered on September 2, 1945. World War II claimed more than 27 million deaths and caused enormous human sufferings.Some famous figures in the war: a) Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was the German dictator and the founder of the Nazi party. His anti-Semitism and aggressive polic

12、ies led Germany on the road to World War II. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) written in prison sums up his anti-Semitism, worship of power, disdain for morality and strategy for world domination.April 20, 1889 Hitler was born at Braunau, Austria1919 Hitler joined a small political group National Socialist

13、German Workers Party.January 30, 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of a coalition government Nazi.1934 Hitler proclaimed his regime as the“New Order”and the German state as“ The Third Reich”1933-1935 Hitler began secretly to rearm Germany in violation of the Versailles Treaty.September 1, 1939 Hitler la

14、unched the Second World War.April 30, 1945 Hitler killed himselfb) Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini was the leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943. He founded the first fascist political group and later allied his country with Germany in World War II. His clenched fist, jutting jaw, fiery speeches, and d

15、ramatic poses became his trademarks.c) Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (1874-1965) Churchill was British politician and prime minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955), and was widely regarded as the greatest British leader of the 20th century.d) Stalin, Joseph (1879 - 1953)Stalin

16、was the General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1953.e) De Gaulle, Charles Andr Joseph Marie (1890 - 1970) De Gaulle was the French general and statesman, the founder of the Fifth French Republic and its first president (1959 - 1969).2) NaziSpurred by the emo

17、tional speeches of Adolf Hitler, the National Socialist Party took control of Germany in 1933. The Nazis then reorganized Germany into a totalitarian （极权主义）state. Their systematic genocide（种族屠杀）of millions of Jews was the most tragic aspect of their rise to power. Nazi military aggression in Europe

18、sparked World War II, one of the bloodiest wars in human history. Germanys defeat in World War II ended the Nazi regime.3) AuschwitzOn a clear day in August 1944, an allied air reconnaissance plane (空中侦察 机) flew over southern Poland. Its mission was to photograph a new Nazi chemical plant. But when

19、they were developed, the aerial photographs showed more than just a Nazi factory. Purely by accident, the aircraft had taken photographs of another complex seven kilometers away. It was the Nazis most evil extermination camp, Auschwitz. The true horror of genocide is captured here. A train has just

20、arrived. The SS guards are selecting fit prisoners to be tattooed with a number and sent to work in the camp. The others, the old, the young and the weak, are sent straight to the gas chambers and then burnt in one of five crematoria (火葬场), which was clearly seen here. One moment chambers on the pho

21、tograph was just one second within three years of continuous killing.4) Verdi s Requiem Requiem is a musical setting of the Roman Catholic Funeral Mass for the souls of the dead, performed on All Souls Day and at funerals. The Requiem by Giuseppe Verdi, Italian operatic composer, was completed to ma

22、rk the first anniversary of the death of Alessandro Manzoni, an Italian poet and novelist much admired by Verdi. The piece is also sometimes referred to as the Manzoni Requiem. Step2 While-reading Activities 1. Global reading 1) Part Division of the TextParts ParagraphsMain Ideas11In Terezin, we cou

23、ld not only recall the suffering days but also the triumph. 22-14Rafael Schaechter managed to organize a choir singing the song of Verdis Requiem as a defiance against Nazi. 315-22The performance of the choir successfully defied the Nazis though they did not realize it. 423Marianka May showed her gr

24、eat respect for Rafael Schaechter. 2) Further UnderstandingFor Part 1& Part 2: True or False1. Terezin was also a scene of triumph because finally all the Nazis there were killed. 2. In contrast to other extermination camps, Terezin had been designed by Nazis to cheat people all over the world.3. Je

25、ws in Terezin lived at leisure.4. SS troops were not posted in the fortress because a Jewish “Council of Elders” was able to watch inmates activities.5. Schaechter was already well-known in prewar Prague. 6. The chorus members still stuck to their rehearsals though they were very hungry.7. Warned by

26、 the camps Jewish elders, Schaechter asked someone of the chorus to leave.For Part 3 & Part 4 Questions 1. How did the audience enjoy the performance?2. Whose Requiem were the Jews singing?3. Did Nazis like the Requiem? Why or why not?4. What did Marianka May think of Schaechter and the Requiem?Time

27、Events About SchaechterBefore World War beganhe was just beginning to make a name for himself in the rich cultural mix of prewar Prague.After being kept in the camp for several years,his fury at his captors steadily grew and he thought of using the Requiem as the weapon.In the autumn of 1943,the fir

28、st performance conducted by Schaechter took place and it impressed the prisoners. Over the ensuing months,the performance was repeated several times for the additional audience of prisoners.When Red Cross representatives visited the camp,the performance was set for a face-to-face confrontation betwe

29、en the defiant Jews and the man behind the Final Solution-Adolf Eichmann.Soon after the final performance,Schaechter and nearly all his chorus members were loaded into boxcars bound for Auschwitz. Schaechter was never seen again.Chart Completion2. Detailed ReadingLanguage Points: A) New Words 1) shr

30、oud: v. cover or hide sth.The mist shrouding the valley had lifted by eight oclock. 突然所有的灯都灭了，房间笼罩在黑暗之中。 Suddenly all the lights went out and the house was shrouded in darkness.比较：conceal, hide, screen & shroud 这四个词都是动词，均有“隐藏，遮蔽”的意思。 conceal 正式用词，多强调有目的、有意识，巧妙地进行隐藏或隐瞒。 例如：She tried to conceal the fa

31、ct that she was pregnant. 她设法隐瞒她怀孕的事实。 hide 普通用词，既可指有意地隐藏，又可指无意或偶然地藏匿。例如： Mary hid the pictures in her drawer. 玛丽把照片藏在她的抽屉里。screen 指把处于被发现的人或物掩盖起来，使其不被发现。例如： She raised her hand to screen her eyes from the bright light. 她抬起手遮住眼睛，阻挡强光。shroud 强调通过覆盖或围绕来遮住事物。例如： Visitors have complained about the scaff

32、olding that shrouds half the castle. 参观者抱怨脚手架遮住了城堡的一半。2）triumph: n. an important victory or successWinning the championship is a great personal triumph.通过接种疫苗根除天花是医学界最伟大的胜利之一。The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of the medicine fields greatest triumphs.3）perverse: adj. behaving in an u

33、nreasonable way, especially by deliberately doing the opposite of what people want you to do Jack was being perverse and refusing to agree with anything we said.听说她妹妹离婚了，她有一种反常的愉快。 She took a perverse pleasure in hearing that her sister was getting divorced.4）propaganda: n. information false or true

34、 used by a government or political group to make people agree with themOne official dismissed the ceasefire as a mere propaganda exercise. 他们是政府的宣传机器。 They are the government propaganda machines.5）captive:a). adj. kept in prison or in a place that you are not allowed to leave His son had been taken

35、captive during the raid. 这个飞行员已经被俘虏六年了。 The pilot has been hold captive for six years. b) n. someone who is kept as a prisoner, especially in a war All the captives were kept in a darkened room with their hand tied. Collocations: be captive to 受制于 captive audience 受制而走不开的听众 captive market 垄断市场 hold

36、/ take somebody captive 俘虏某人6) bask: v. enjoy sitting or lying in the heat of the sun or a fire; enjoy the approval or attention that you are getting from other people Lizards were basking in the morning sun. 她举起奖杯面对人群，沉浸在荣耀中。 She basked in her moment of glory, holding the trophy up to the crowd.7)

37、stuff:a) v. push or put sth. into a small space, esp. in a careless way She stuffed two more sweaters into her bag. 在他的床下，他们发现了一个装满钱的袋子。 Under his bed, they found a bag stuffed with moneyb) n. a substance or a group of things or ideas, etc. Wheres all the camping stuff? 注：stuff oneself with 是一个习惯用语，

38、意为“吃得过饱”。例如： The kids have been stuffing themselves with candy Theyd been stuffing themselves with snacks all the afternoon, so they didnt want any dinner. Collocations: all that stuff 所有的东西/事 do / show your stuff 露一手 good stuff 好东西 know ones stuff 擅长，知道如何做 hot stuff 奇才，非凡的事物8) infest: v. if insects

39、, rat, etc. infest a place, there are a lot of them and they usually cause damage The kitchen was infested with cockroaches. 谷仓里有成群的老鼠出没。 The barn was infested with rats.9) concession: n. sth. that you allow sb. to have in order to end an argument or a disagreement The British were not prepared to m

40、ake any concessions. 在昨天的对话中，冲突双方都作了一些让步。Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterdays talks.10) pervasive: adj. existing everywhere; pervading The pervasive influence of television among children is getting more and more public attention. 弗洛伊德的影响在她的书中随处可见 The influence of

41、Freud is pervasive in her books.比较：common, general, universal & pervasive 这四个词都是形容词，均有“普通的，普遍的”意思。 common 多用于指物，侧重很常见，不稀奇。general 语气强于common，侧重大多如此，很少有例外情况。universal 与general同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用， 根本没有例外。pervasive 强调遍及某事物的各个部分。11）charismatic: adj. having power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm Mart

42、in Luther King was a very charismatic speaker.几乎没人能抗拒这位既魅力四射又善于说服别人的领袖。Few were able to resist this charismatic and persuasive leader.12）fury: n. extreme, violent and often uncontrolled anger I was shaking with fury. 听到这个建议，他变得狂怒起来。 He flew into a fury at the suggestionCollocations: fury of the stor

43、m 猛烈的暴风雨 in a fury 在狂怒中 eyes blazing with fury 愤怒的目光 shaking with fury 生气地发抖13）camouflage: a) n. a way of hiding sth., by using paint, leaves, etc. to make it look like the things around it Soldiers are required to learn camouflage technique. b) v. hide sth., especially by making it look the same as

44、 the things around it or by making it seem like sth. else The strain she was under was well camouflaged by skillful make-up. 军队伪装得如此有效以至于敌人没有注意到他们在靠近。 The troops had camouflaged themselves so effectively that the enemy didnt notice them approaching.14) recruit: a) v. get people to join the army, nav

45、y, etc.Were having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff. 就连小男孩都在被招募参军。 Even young boys are now being recruited into the army.b) n. someone who has just joined the army, navy, or air force Raw recruits were trained for six months and then sent to the war front.15) scrub: a) v. rub sth. hard,

46、especially with a stiff brush, in order to clean it She scrubbed at the mark on the wall for ages, but it wouldnt come off. Jack scrubbed the floor to cater for his mother. 她擦洗了那个旧盘子，然后它看起来像新的一样。 She scrubbed the old plate, and then it looked as good as newb) n. if you give sth. a scrub, you clean i

47、t by rubbing it hard Collocations: scrub at / up 擦洗 scrub out / off 擦掉 facial scrub 磨砂膏 give sth. a scrub 使劲擦某物16) survive: v. continue to live after an accident, war, or illness Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived. She survived the attack. 前排的乘客很幸运地在事故中生还。 The front passengers were lucky to surv

48、ive the accident注意：survival作名词意为“生存或幸存者”，作形容词意为“生存的，幸存的”。例如： The doctors told my wife that I had a 50% chance of survival The survival rate for people who have this form of cancer is now more than 90%. 17）prop: a) v. support sth. by leaning it against sth. , or by putting sth. else under, next to, o

49、r behind it He propped his bike against a tree. 窗户不断地关上，我不得不用什么东西把它支撑开。 This window keeps on closing Ill have to prop it open with something.b) n. an object placed under or against sth. to hold it in a particular position; sth. or sb. that helps you to feel strong I need some sort of a prop to keep

50、the door open.18) charge: n. a) the amount of money that you have to pay for goods or services Is there a charge for children or do they go free? b) electricity that is put into a piece of electrical equipment such as a battery Leave the battery on charge all night. c) the power of strong feelings C

51、ases of child abuse have a strong emotional charge. v. a) ask sb. for an amount of money for sth. They charge you $20 just to get in the nightclub. b) state officially that sb. may be guilty of a crime Gibbons has been charged with murder c) if a battery charges, or if you charge it, it takes in and

52、 stores electricity He drove the car round the block to charge its batteries.Collocations: free of charge 免费 be in / under somebodys charge 由某人负责 charge against 控告 in / have charge of 控制19) sheer: a) adj. complete; thorough; utter I ll never forget the look of sheer joy on her face. 这一建议纯粹是胡扯。 The s

53、uggestion is sheer nonsense b) v. change direction suddenly to avoid sthThe boat sheered away and headed out to sea.20) stage: v. organize a public event 巴塞罗那于1992年举办了奥运会。 Barcelona staged the Olympic Games in 1992. n. a) the raised area in a theatre on which actors or singers stand when they perfor

54、m She is on stage for most of the play. b) a particular area of public life The president was extremely popular on the world stage but was disliked in his own country.21) notoriously: adv. well-known for sth. bad The program is notoriously difficult to learn. 22) emaciated: adj. extremely thin from

55、lack of food or illness The prisoners were ill and emaciated. There were pictures of emaciated children on the cover of the magazine.23) smirk: n. silly or self-satisfied smile “I told you it would end in this way,” said Polly with a self-satisfied smirk on her face. v. smile in an unpleasant way th

56、at shows that you are pleased by someone elses bad luck or think you are better than other people I dont like the way he winks and smirks at me whenever he sees me. 她坐在那儿得意地笑，好像她是唯一知道答案的人。 She sits there smirking as if shes the only one who knows the answer.比较：laugh, grin, beam & smirk 这四个动词均有“笑”的意思

57、。 laugh 最常用的词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。例如： Shes so funny she really makes me laugh grin 指露齿而笑。例如： She grinned at me, her eyes sparkling beam 书面用语，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。例如 She beamed with delight at his remarks smirk 指自我满足的傻笑。例如： The boy tried not to smirk.24) soothing: adj. making one feel calmer and less

58、anxious, upset or angry I put on some nice soothing music 他的一席话起到了令人平静的效果. Her words had a soothing effect. B) Difficult Sentences1) When you walk the cobbled mist-shrouded streets of Terezin in the Czech Republic, your mind fills with images of the village sixty years ago, when it was a Nazi concen

59、tration camp packed with desperate and dying Jews. Explanation: The streets of Terezin in the Czech Republic remind us of the suffering days of the village sixty years ago, when the Jews were tortured by Nazis.2) For much of World War II, Nazi propaganda suggested that Jews there enjoyed a life of l

60、eisure, even using captive Jewish filmmakers to craft a movie showing “happy ” Jews listening to lectures and basking in the sun. Paraphrase: From the evidence provided by Nazis it seemed that during much of the time in World War II, Jews were quite relaxed in the concentration camp and the seized Jewish filmmakers were even told by Nazis to produce a movie showing Jews enjoying lectures and basking in the sun.3) SS troops were posted outside the fortress, while daily activity was overseen by a Jewish “Council of Elders,” which turned a blind eye to inmates activities, unless they might a