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1、XX大学锦城学院本科生毕业论文设计题 目 学 院 专 业 学生姓名 学 号 年级指导教师 教务部制表二 年 月 日9 / 14喜福会中的中国文化背景分析英语语言文学专业学生 陈永贵 指导教师 任文喜福会是美国当代著名华裔女作家谭恩美的处女作。小说讲述了在中国战乱时移民美国的四位母亲和她们在美国出生的女儿的生活遭遇。小说中的母亲在旧时的中国饱经封建礼教和传统文化的摧残.变成了叛逆者.逃往美国.希望在大洋彼岸找寻自己的幸福生活。然而.母亲们在美生活的方方面面都离不开深深植根于她们脑子里的中国传统文化.并试图将这一文化强加在她们女儿身上。而在美国长大的女儿们却与这种异乡文化格格不入.处处背叛她们的母

2、亲。母亲们因此受到深深的伤害。在女儿们长大后.屡经人生的沧桑才逐渐了解了母亲。在中国历史上.儒家思想一直是中国文化的核心。儒家思想重视人与人之间的相互关系和家庭观念.这与崇尚个人主义的西方文化是相冲突的。同时.中国的道教思想对大多数信奉上帝的西方人来说是难以理解的。再者.中国人教育子女的方式、饮食传统和烹饪方法也常常被认为是神秘而野蛮。故中国文化常常被西方学者看作是他者文化.道家的思想被看作是异教思想。借助于东方主义.谭恩美以其第二代美籍华裔双重文化的身份.在喜福会中建构了中国传统文化。小说中.母亲是中国传统文化的代表.而女儿却象征着美国文化。这两种文化的冲突与交融拧成了贯穿整部小说的一条主线

3、.向国外再现了中国文化。本论文试图从传统家庭价值观念、饮食文化、宗教信仰等方面对喜福会中的中国文化背景进行较为详细的分析。关键词：中国文化；儒家思想；饮食文化；宗教信仰中文摘要的提头第一行写上论文中文标题.三号字.宋体.加粗；第二行括号里写上专业名称.如英语语言文学专业字样.小四号字.楷体；第三行的左侧写上学生姓名.右侧写上指导教师姓名.小四号字.楷体。中文摘要内容使用楷体.小四号字。中文摘要原则上不分段。关键词几个字加粗.后面接冒号.每个关键词之间由一个分号隔开。摘要单独成页.目录单独一页.摘要和目录一起编页码.编码为I, II,III。正文开始从Introduction又重新编码.编码为1

4、.2.3. 为避免电脑自动更正.将正文的页码 1、2、3 等改变.目录需要单独建成一个文档或是添加分页符。ABSTRACTAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants

5、, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China.As a result of the restrictions and suppression of the feudal society and Confucianism, they fled to the United States in an attempt to find their happiness there. Never

6、theless, the mothers lives in America are still bound to the traditional Chinese culture, which has been deeply rooted in their minds. They educate their daughters according to the Chinese customs and habits. But the daughters can not understand this, for they were born and brought up in America. Th

7、ey often disobey, and thus deeply hurt their mothers. When they grow up, and experience the tortures of life, they come to understand their mothers gradually. As an American-born Chinese, Amy Tan reveals some distinct features of the traditional Chinese culture in the novel.Confucianism has been the

8、 core of the Chinese culture for two thousand years. It emphasizes the relationship between human beings. This thought, however, is in conflict with the mainstream of western ideology, which pays more attention to individualism. Besides, the mysterious beliefs of Taoism are strange to the westerners

9、, most of whom believe in God and Christianity. Whats more, the Chinese have different ways of educating and nurturing their children, and different ways of cooking. They are thought by the Americans as having weird beliefs and a brutal way of eating. As a result, the traditional Chinese beliefs are

10、 treated as heathen ones, and the Chinese culture is viewed as the Other by the westerners. In the novel, the mothers are the representative of the Chinese culture, while the daughters, that of the American culture. The clash and mingling of the two cultures work together as a thread running through

11、 the entire novel. Amy Tan, as a member of the second generation Chinese-Americans, reconstructs and represents the traditional Chinese culture to the world, and has gained great fame in Chinese American literature. This thesis attempts to analyze the Chinese cultural background in The Joy Luck Club

12、 from three aspects: Chinese family value, Chinese dietary culture and Chinese religious beliefs.Key Words: Chinese Culture; Confucianism; Chinese Diet; Religious Beliefs外文摘要提头需写上摘要的外文大写单词例如：英文为ABSTRACT.三号字.Times New Roman字体.加粗.后面不加冒号。外文摘要内容用小四号字英文使用Times New Roman字体.外文关键词英文用Key Words.小四号字.加粗后面接冒号.词

13、数与中文关键词相同.每个关键词之间由一个分号隔开。摘要与关键词之间不空行。ContentsIntroduction1Part One Chinese Family Value.31.1 Confucianism: Doctrine of the Chinese31.2 Womens Status51.3 Communication between Parents and Children6Part Two Chinese Dietary Culture.82.1 Etiquette of Diet.82.2 Ways of Cooking.9Part Three Chinese Beliefs

14、.113.1 Wuxing and Fengshui113.2 Ancestor Worship 13Conclusion.14Notes17Bibliography.18Acknowledgements.20IntroductionAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the

15、United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China.the famous critical realist writer in 19th century, was one of the greatest writers all over the world. 正文：小四号字.英

16、文采用Times New Roman字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。Part One Chinese Family ValueAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese

17、 immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China.the famous critical realist writer in 19th century, was one of the greatest writers all over the world.1.1Confucianism: Doctrine of the ChineseAmy Tan is one

18、of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 1.2 Womens StatusAmy Tan is on

19、e of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 1.3 Communication between Pa

20、rents and ChildrenAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughter

21、s. 正文：小四号字.英文采用Times New Roman字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。Part Two Chinese Dietary CultureAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first gen

22、eration Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.1 Etiquette of DietAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the fir

23、st generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. Eating HabitAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first

24、generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. Drinking ConventionAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the fi

25、rst generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 2.2Ways of CookingAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the

26、 first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 正文：小四号字.英文采用Times New Roman字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。Part Three Chinese BeliefsAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells t

27、he stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 3.1 Wuxing and FengshuiAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she

28、 tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 3.2 Ancestor WorshipAmy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club

29、, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. 正文：小四号字.英文采用Times New Roman字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。ConclusionThe story is over with a storm inside the readers. It ends up with a myth at the

30、 end of 18th century; a moving and religious legend covered by the history. Dickens bestowed a devil on the Marquis; a pitiful and abominable figure on Madame Defarge; deiform brilliance on Darnay and Carton which makes Cartons actions exceed the revolution and love affairs. 正文：小四号字.英文采用Times New Ro

31、man字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。Notes(1) The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife. The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.(2) Lao Tzu:The founder of Taoism. Born in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Au

32、tumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government. He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime. The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching,which contains about 5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and it

33、s functions. Others believe that he was a mythical character.(3) John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at HarvardUniversity and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard. (4) Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or theFive Elements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Wat

34、er. They are the grounding theory foryin-yang balance. The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive. Accordingly, all of theten thousand things within it are interdependent. Fengshui, or geomantic omen, is closely related to Wuxing. TheFengshui the

35、ory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family. Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yangbalance and could bring fortune.BibliographyChang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives. New Haven, CT: YaleUniversit

36、y Press, 1977.Ebrey, Patricia B. Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook. New York: The Free Press, 1993._ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. London: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1996.Eng, Kuan Khun. The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worship in a Chinese Emigrant District. Culture, Medicine an

37、d Psychiatry 23: 99-132.Fairbank, John. K & Goldman, Merle. China: A New History. London: The Belknap Press of HarvardUniversity Press, 1998.Niu, Weihua & Sternberg, Robert J. Societal and School Influences on Student Creativity: the Case of China. Psychology in the School 40 2003: 103-114.Tan, AmyT

38、he Joy Luck ClubNew York：Ballantine Books.1990.Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom. Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem. System Research and Behavioral Science 19: 271-279.Wang, Huarong. The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club. Journal of HongheU

39、niversity 2: 40-43.Wang, Qi & Li, Jin. Chinese Childrens Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations. Psychology in the School 40 : 85-101.Zhu, Zhichang. Confucianism in Action: Recent Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology. System Research and Behavioral Science 15 : 111-130

40、.陈爱敏. 当代美国华裔文学的文化关照. 文史哲, 2003 : 116-120.何立群, 吴金平. 风水对小说喜福会创作的影响.八桂侨刊, 2002 : 50-52.何立群. 五行理论与喜福会的成功. 暨南学报哲学社会科学版.2005 : 74-77.胡勇. 文化的乡愁美国华裔文学的文化认同北京：中国戏剧出版社.2003.胡勇. 论美国华裔文学中国神话与民间传说的利用. 外国文学研究, 2003 : 87-92.令狐萍金山谣美国华裔妇女史北京：中国社会科学出版社.1999潘军武. 不可思议的中国人：喜福会中的异国情调与东方主义. XX大学: 2002.彭逢春, 罗婷. 从喜福会探析谭恩美的文

41、化身份. XX学院学报社会科学版.2004-04 : 74-76.张瑞华. 解读谭恩美喜福会中的中国麻将. 外国文学评论, 2001 : 95-100.赵文书Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested TerrainsXX：XX大学出版社.2004.Net. 1: 陈启智. 儒家思想与家庭伦理. 2006-01-20, Net. 2: 鲁鸣阴柔文化和阳刚文化：在美国看缺少拥抱的中国人2005/08/16, Net. 3: Tan, Amy. An Interview. 2006-01-20,Acknowle

42、dgementsFirst of all, I would like to express my appreciation to all the teachers at the School of _, SichuanUniversity, whose instructions and guidance have made my three/four years at the university a truly rewarding experience. In particular, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. _, Prof

43、. _, and Prof. _, from whose lectures I have profited tremendously over the past few years.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, _, for all his/her inspiring ideas and kind help throughout the process of my thesis writing. Without his/her helpful suggestions, guid

44、ance and patience, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.My thanks also go to my fellow classmates and friends who have rendered me their generous help.I am particularly grateful to my parents for their strong support and deep care given to me during the process of my thesis wri

45、ting.I am also deeply indebted to the authors mentioned in the bibliography. Their academic researches have given me a great deal of inspiration.It is my pleasure to dedicate this thesis to them all.本篇致谢仅供参考.非唯一或标准文本XX大学锦城学院外语系英语专业本科毕业论文注释及参考文献格式要求一注释格式为统一格式起见.本系英语专业学生毕业论文的注释采用尾注和夹注.不采用脚注。凡是对论文中某一单词

46、、词组、引文、或某一说法进行补充性说明的.采用尾注即下文第1条所说的End-notes的方式.但在论文里英文统一采用Notes一词见附录1；凡是在论文中使用直接引语或间接引语的.一律采用文中夹注的方式见下文第2条。1尾注End-notes在正文需注释处的右上方按顺序加注数码.在论文的正文之后写注文.每条注文加对应数码.回行时与上一行注文对齐。加注数码与数码对齐。2夹注In-text Citations某些引文和或所依据的文献无需详细注释者.以夹注的形式随文在括弧内注明。1） 来自专著的直接引语.作者姓名在文中已经出现格式：出版年份：页码例如：Rees said.As key aspects o

47、f learning are not stable.but changeable.this opens theway for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process1986：2412来自专著的直接引语.作者姓名在文中没有出现格式：作者姓名出版年份：页码。例如：我们所懂得的只是实体存在的片段.可以肯定地说.一切具有重大意义的理论至多只能是部分地真实.但这不应作为放弃理论研究的借口 。One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more fami

48、liar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese cultureFung 1995：713） 如果引述的内容为大段原文超过四行.所引原文左边双倍缩进即10个字符.右边与上下文对齐。 引文一般用冒号引出.引文不加引号注意例句末句号与括号的位置。例如： He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social novel. He

49、describes his process of creation thus: I found, while writing spontaneously, that I was always translating dialogue from the original Punjabi into English. The way in which my mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been expressed in any other way except in an almost

50、literal translation, which might carry over the sound and the sense of the original speech. I also found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the prose narrative in Punjabi, or n Hindustani and only one-third in the English language. This happened usually while I was writi

51、ng stories and novels. 4来自某篇文章的直接引语.作者姓名在文中没有出现格式： 作者姓名英文只注姓、出版年月例如：Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing asjustwordsbut there isnt. Baston 19725来自专著的间接引语.作者的姓名在文中已经提到格式： 出版年份：引文页码例如：According to Alun Rees1986:234.the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual

52、learner brings to the learning situation.6来自专著的间接引语.作者的姓名在文中没有提到格式： 作者姓名、出版年份；引文页码例如：It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance.see Robertson 1987:136注：如所述观点可直接从原文找到.用c.f.: Robertson 1987:1367提到某人的观点没有提到姓名 格式：作者姓名.发表年份例如：This point h

53、as been argued before. A number of studies do not find texts with long series of Terms which derive from a single semantic field. 8互联网资料 格式： 编号自设例如： A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a texts critical difference from itself. 注：Net.2.征引文献中的编号.是为了便于注明文内引语的出处。参考第二部分参考文献中的第4点互联网资料。