考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考前自测提分卷19(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Wouldnt it be easier to move about on the（ ）of the crowd than to squeeze in the middle?问题1选项A.consentB.headsC.fringeD.recreation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consent “同意；准许”；head “头；最前的部分”；fringe “边缘；刘海；外围”；recreation “娱乐；消遣；休养”。句意：难道在人群的外围移动

2、不比在人群中挤来挤去容易吗？选项C符合题意。2.单选题Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has（ ）Germanys Touring Car Championship.问题1选项A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conquer “战胜；征服”；contest “争辩；争论”；dominate “控制；支配”；determine “确定；判决”。句意：由于质量卓越，因此在过去的两年里，奥迪车已经统治

3、了房车锦标赛。选项C符合题意。3.单选题To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be tom off，the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own

4、 piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons

5、. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper price

6、s, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dai

7、ries are experimenting with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does no

8、t rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.1.“This insane amoun

9、t of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” (line 4) means（ ）.2.The “local authorities” are（ ）.3.If paper is to be recycled（ ）.4.British dairies are（ ）.5.The environmentalists think that（ ）.问题1选项A.not enough wrapping is used for luxuriesB.more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC

10、.it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is usedD.the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary问题2选项A.the Town CouncilB.the policeC.the paper manufacturersD.the most influential citizens问题3选项A.more forests will have to be plantedB.the use of paper bags will have to be restri

11、ctedC.people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbishD.the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper问题4选项A.producing enough plastic tubing in less than a weekB.giving up the use of glass bottlesC.increasing the production of plastic bottlesD.re-using their old glass bottl

12、es问题5选项A.more plastic packaging should be usedB.plastic is the most convenient form of packagingC.too much plastic is wastedD.shops should stop using plastic containers【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“但是这种疯狂的大量包装并不仅仅限于奢侈品。现在很难买到没有被玻璃纸、聚乙烯或者纸包装的东西了”（But this insane amount of wr

13、apping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper），因此选项C“不仅奢侈品被包装，普通商品也一样”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段第三句话提到“这种机器很容易为local authority 所用。它意味着人们需要将垃圾分为纸质或非纸质垃圾”（It would mean that people would have to separate t

14、heir refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each），这个authority管理居民分垃圾的事情，说明是相关政府机构，选项A符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“有一个机器能够把纸熔化成纸浆再加工成外包装纸，比如装鸡蛋的箱子，和纸板盒”（A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons）；第三句话提到“它意味着人们需要将垃圾分

15、为纸质或非纸质垃圾”（It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each），选项C“人们将用不同的垃圾桶来装垃圾”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章第三段提到“越来越多的乳制品正在尝试塑料瓶，如果所有牛奶瓶相关材料都使用塑料制品，可以预计英国乳制品五六天生产的塑料管就可以围绕地球转一圈”（More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottle

16、s, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days），选项A“在不到一周的时间里生产足够的塑料管”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“一些环保人士认为解决这个问题的唯一办法是制止商店使用塑料”（Some env

17、ironmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops），因此选项D符合题意。4.单选题He never exerts himself to aid those trying to（ ）a difficult situation.问题1选项A.rectifyB.modifyC.solidifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

18、rectify “改正”；modify “修改；更改”; solidify “团结；凝固”；verify “核实；查证”。句意：他从不帮助那些试图矫正困境的人。选项A符合题意。5.单选题The vast majority of people in any given culture will（ ）to the established standards of that culture.问题1选项A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine “限制；禁闭”；conform “符合；遵守；适应环境（后面一般跟介词to）

19、”；confront “面对；遭遇；比较（为及物动词）”；confirm “确认；证实；批准（及物动词）。句意：特定文化下的绝大部分人会遵守那种文化已建立的标准。选项B符合题意。6.单选题Alfred Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize, was born into a family where research and experimentation were almost second nature. His father Immanuel, out of work and penniless, tes

20、ted his theories of explosives in a laboratory set up in their house. Unfortunately, the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor.Alfred Nobel worked alongside his father, and by 1850 when he was 17, Alfred had acquire

21、d most of his fathers knowledge of and enthusiasm for chemistry. Although numerous other scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine, Alfred was the one who finally managed to turn this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. He succeeded in developing dynamite commercially, which

22、laid the foundation for many of the worlds leading chemical enterprises. Aside from introducing the innovative Nobel Igniter in 1864 and dynamite in 1866，Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever methods for the production of synt

23、hetic silk and was involved in electrochemical, telecommunications, and safety alarm systems as well.Alfred Nobel was a dedicated scientist who became very rich applying his knowledge of chemistry. His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material led him to leave some of his mill

24、ions to reward individuals who made substantial contributions to certain areas of science. It was natural that he would include chemistry as one of those branches, especially since the end of the nineteenth century brought rapid advancements in the field.1.According to the passage, what is true abou

25、t Alfred Nobels father Immanuel?2.According to the passage, the power of nitroglycerine（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about Alfred Nobel can be drawn from the passage?4.According to the passage, Alfred Nobel made important progress in developing all of the following items EXCEPT（ ）.5.It ca

26、n be inferred from the passage that Alfred Nobel later viewed his invention of dynamite（ ）.问题1选项A.He was never able to capitalize on his work in chemistry.B.He was not instrumental in developing his sons enthusiasm for chemistry.C.He turned his knowledge of chemistry into a profitable business.D.He

27、shared in the work of his son Alfred.问题2选项A.was first recognized by Immanuel NobelB.was never utilized well by chemical enterprisesC.was most fully developed by Alfred NobelD.lay in its intrigue for many scientists问题3选项A.His talents lay almost exclusively in the area of explosives.B.He was reluctant

28、 to bequeath a large part of his wealth towards promoting scientific research.C.He chose to work independently of other scientists.D.He was a major contributor to the rapid progress in chemistry in the late nineteenth century.问题4选项A.nitrocelluloseB.rubber and leatherC.synthetic silkD.safety alarm de

29、vices问题5选项A.with much concern for its negative effects on mankindB.as a minor achievement in his long careerC.with satisfaction regarding its impact on chemical enterprisesD.as a natural outgrowth of his fathers training【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项关于诺贝尔父亲的描述是正确的？”文章第一段

30、最后一句提到“不幸的是，老诺贝尔并未能用自己天生的发明精神来完成这项伟大的事业”（Unfortunately, the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor），因此选项A符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知硝化甘油是什么？”文章第二段提到“尽管硝化甘油一直吸引了很多其他科学家的目光”（Although numerous other scientists had been

31、intrigued by nitroglycerine），因此选项D符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项关于诺贝尔的总结可以从文章中得出？”文章最后一段最后一句提到“他将化学包括在那些尤其是从19世纪末以来为这个领域带来了进步的分支中”（It was natural that he would include chemistry as one of those branches, especially since the end of the nineteenth century brought rapid advancements in the field），因此选项D符合题意

32、。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，诺贝尔在很多领域起了很大作用，除了下列哪项？”文章倒数第二段提到“诺贝尔申请了355项专利，包括硝化纤维、皮革和橡胶的替代品，他研究出一种生产合成丝的好方法，还参与到电化学、通讯以及安全警报系统的研究中”（Nobel Igniter in 1864 and dynamite in 1866，Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever methods for the pr

33、oduction of synthetic silk and was involved in electrochemical, telecommunications, and safety alarm systems as well），由此可知，选项D符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可以知道诺贝尔后期对炸药的看法是什么？”文章最后一段提到“他对创造一种有潜在致命危险的材料感到愧疚”（His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material），选项A “担心它对人类有消极影响”符合题意。7.单选题S

34、ince it was held up only by a single steel cable, the chairlift was（ ）to carry only two people问题1选项A.instructedB.obligedC.intendedD.appointed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。instruct “指导；通知；命令”；oblige “迫使；强制；责成”；intend“打算；想要；意指”；appoint“任命；指定”。句意：由于只有一根钢缆支撑着，这个升降椅被指示一次只能载两个人。选项A符合题意。8.单选题The young man has（ ）some i

35、ngenious schemes to make good profits for the company.问题1选项A.come outB.come up withC.come up toD.come up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。come out “出现，出版”；come up with “提出，想出”；come up to “达到，等于”；come up “走进，发生”。句意：这个年轻人想出了一些有创意的计划来使公司获利。选项B符合题意。9.单选题So fast（ ）that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.问题1选项A.ha

36、s light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。由 so / suchthat结构中的so或such与其修饰成分位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，因此选项C符合题意。10.单选题When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see（ ）of stars.问题1选项A.the circulationB.a clusterC.the fallingD.myriads【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。circulation“流通；传播；发行量”；cluster“群；簇”；falling “下降；落下”；myriad “无数”。句意：当我待在乡村的时候，我经常晚上在田地里散步和看无数的星星。选项D符合题意。