考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷18(附带答案详解)

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1、书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟! 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷(附带答案详解)一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题I feel rather at a ( )talking to her,because shes so clever.问题1选项A.mistakeB.faultC.disadvantageD.defect【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be at a disadvantage “处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。2.单选题The storm was( ) and changed course constantly at sea at that

2、 time.问题1选项A.chasteB.candidC.chaoticD.cardinal【答案】C【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。chaste “纯洁的,贞洁的”;candid “公正的,直率的”;chaotic “混乱的,无秩序的”;cardinal “主要的,基本的”。根据句意“暴风雨时常改变方向”可知它是无秩序的,所以选项C符合题意。3.单选题In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gottingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilb

3、ert. He was particularly eager too eager, it would turn (1)to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly. “I was able to(2) Hilbert of the general theory of relativity.” (3)all of Einsteins personal turmoil at the time, a new scientif

4、ic anxiety was about to (4). He was struggling to find the right equations that would (5) his new concept of gravity, (6)that would define how objects move(7)space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he(8)the mathematical approach he had been (9)for almost three years was f

5、lawed. And now there was a(10)pressure. Einstein discovered to his (11)that Hilbert had taken what he had lectures and was racing to come up (12)the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in Octo

6、ber 1915 Einstein (13)himself into a month-long-frantic endeavor in(14)he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he(15)to give a lecture to Berlins Prussian Academy of Sciences on four(16)Thursdays.His first lecture was delivere

7、d on Nov.4.1915, and it explained his new approach, (17)he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation on it. Einstein also took time off from(18)revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango with his competitor Hilbert. Worried (19)being scooped, he sent Hilbert a co

8、py of his Nov.4 lecture. “I am(20)to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution”. Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.问题1选项A.upB.overC.outD.off问题2选项A.convinceB.counselC.persuadeD.preach问题3选项A.AboveB.AroundC.AmidD.Along问题4选项A.emitB.emergeC.submitD.submerge问题5选项A.imitateB.igniteC.

9、describeD.ascribe问题6选项A.onesB.thoseC.allD.none问题7选项A.intoB.beyondC.amongD.through问题8选项A.resolvedB.realizedC.acceptedD.assured问题9选项A.pursuingB.protectingC.contestingD.contending问题10选项A.complexB.compatibleC.comparativeD.competitive问题11选项A.humorB.horrorC.excitementD.extinction问题12选项A.toB.forC.withD.aga

10、inst问题13选项A.threwB.thrustC.huddledD.hopped问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whatD.which问题15选项A.dashedB.dartedC.rushedD.reeled问题16选项A.successiveB.progressiveC.extensiveD.repetitive问题17选项A.soB.sinceC.thoughD.because问题18选项A.casuallyB.coarselyC.violentlyD.furiously问题19选项A.afterB.aboutC.onD.in问题20选项A.curiousB.conscious

11、C.ambitiousD.ambiguous【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】(1)考查动词词组辨析。turn up “出现”;turn over “打翻,移交”;turn out to “被证明是”;turn off “关掉”。空格处所在句子的句意是:结果证明,他极其渴望向希尔伯特解释相对论的所有错综复杂的关系。选项C符合题意。(2)考查动词词义辨析。convince “说服,使确信”;co

12、unsel “建议,劝告”;persuade “劝说,劝某人相信”;preach “说教,传道”。空格处所在句子的句意是:我成功地让希尔伯特相信了相对论。convince sb. of sth. “说服某人相信某事”。选项A符合题意。(3)考查介词词义辨析。amid意为“在 中”;above意为“ 在 上面”;around意为“在 周围”;along意为“顺着,沿着”。空格处所在句子的句意是:那时在爱因斯坦的所有焦躁之中,一种新的科学上的焦虑将要显现出来。选项C符合题意。(4)考查动词词义辨析。emit “发出,放射”;emerge “出现,形成,浮现”;submit “提交,服从”;subm

13、erge“浸没,把 浸入”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题,选项B符合题意。(5)考查动词词义辨析。imitate “模仿,效仿”;ignite “点火,点燃,使激动”;describe “描述,形容”;ascribe“ 归因于,归咎于”。空格处所在句子的句意是:他正试图找到正确的方程式来解释他的引力的新概念。选项C符合题意。(6)考查替代词的用法。空格处的替代词所代替的内容是前文的 the right equations,因此在选项A与B中选择。Those 与 that 通常用作指示代词,用作替代词时,总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,此处用those不符合。所以选项A符合题意。(7)考查固定

14、搭配。move through “在 范围内运动”。选项D符合题意。(8)考查动词词义辨析。resolve “决心,决定”;realize “意识到,体会到”;accept“接受,认可”;assure “确保,保证”。空格处所在句子句意是:在夏末之际,他意识到他追寻了三年之久的数学方法存在缺陷。选项B符合题意。(9)考查动词词义辨析。pursue “从事,追求”;protect “保护”;contest “争辩,竞赛”;contend“斗争,竞争”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第38题。选项A符合题意。(10)考查形容词词义辨析。complex “复杂的,综合的”;compatible “兼容的,

15、能共处的”;comparative “比较的,相当的”;competitive “竞争的”。空格处所在句子的句意是:竞争压力很大。选项D符合题意。(11)考查名词词义辨析。humor “幽默,诙谐”;horror “惊骇,恐惧”;excitement“激动,兴奋”;extinction “消失,消灭”。空格处所在句子的句意是:让他感到恐惧的是,希尔伯特采取了从他讲座中学到的知识正在试图最先得出正确的方程式。选项B符合题意。(12)考查固定搭配。come up with “提出,想出”。选项C符合题意。(13)考查固定搭配。throw oneself into “投身于 ”,选项A符合题意。(1

16、4)考查从句的连接词。通过分析句子可知,in _44_ he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy在句子中充当定语,来修饰endeavor。定语从句的连接词从选项B与D中选,其中 that 不放在介词后面,所以选项D符合题意。(15)考查动词词义辨析。dash “猛冲”;dart “投掷”;rush “匆忙地做,冲进”;reel“ 旋转,退缩”。空格处所在句子的句意是:他急切地去普鲁士科学院做了四个连续的星期四的讲座。选项C符合题意。(16)考查形容词词义辨析。successive “连续的,继承的”;progressive “前进的,进步的

17、”;extensive “广泛的,广阔的”;repetitive “重复的,反复性的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第45题。选项A符合题意。(17)考查前后逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的句意是:尽管他还没有精确的数学公式。与前文存在让步的逻辑关系,选项C符合题意。(18)考查副词词义辨析。casually “偶然地,随便地”;coarsely “粗俗地,鄙俗地”;violently “猛烈地,激烈地”;furiously “激烈地,猛烈地”。空格处所在句子的句意是:在近乎疯狂的学术研究过程中,爱因斯坦还抽出一些时间和他的竞争对手希尔伯特调侃。选项D符合题意。(19)考查固定搭配。worry abou

18、t “为 担心”。选项B符合题意。(20)考查形容词词义辨析。curious “好奇的,求知的”;conscious “有意识的,故意的”;ambitious “野心勃勃的,有雄心的”;ambiguous “含糊的,不确定的”。空格处所在句子的句意是:我很好奇你是不是会友好地对待这一个新的解决方案。选项A符合题意。4.单选题Although he is in his fifties, his( ) arms are as powerful as those of a young man.问题1选项A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective【答案】C【解

19、析】考查形容词词义辨析。energetic “精力充沛的”;gigantic “巨大的,庞大的”;muscular“肌肉的,强健的”;effective“有效的”。句意:尽管他已经五十多岁了,他充满肌肉的手臂像年轻人一样充满力量。选项C符合题意。5.单选题Bob was not a ( )man who never made a quick decision about anything.问题1选项A.boldB.recklessC.deliberateD.rash【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold “大胆的,英勇的”;reckless “鲁莽的,不顾后果的”; deliberat

20、e “故意的,深思熟虑的”;rash “轻率的,鲁莽的”。句意:Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。6.单选题How many times did the clock( ) ?问题1选项A.hitB.knockC.beatD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。strike可以用来表示“敲打钟表”,其他的词则不行,所以选项D符合题意。7.单选题Since about 1800,near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a

21、 rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these(1) is limited, and electric power is very (2) in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only (3) which can meet the worlds enormous(4)for power.Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking,

22、 (5) it also supplies power for (6) things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It(7)telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being(8)with solar energy.The three most significant types o

23、f solar equipment(9) are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air,(10)is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable.Solar stills are (11) important because they can provide (12) water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can easily be (13) from sea water with

24、 a solar still.The most highly developed type of solar (14) equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so (15)that they can turn 16 percent of the energy they receive from the sun(16) electric energy. One of the cells biggest advantages is (17)it can be made either small enough to carry(18) large e

25、nough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the (19)consumer but when ways are (20)to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.问题1选项A.materialsB.oresC.reservesD.fuels问题2选项A.abundantB.adequateC.scarceD.

26、rare问题3选项A.meansB.sourceC.solutionD.resource问题4选项A.needB.desireC.necessityD.supply问题5选项A.moreoverB.besidesC.howeverD.but问题6选项A.someB.manyC.suchD.these问题7选项A.connectsB.operatesC.drivesD.manufactures问题8选项A.heatedB.burntC.equippedD.built问题9选项A.ever sinceB.no wonderC.in allD.so far问题10选项A.thatB.whatC.wh

27、ichD.it问题11选项A.speciallyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.specifically问题12选项A.freshB.healthyC.boiledD.cool问题13选项A.dissolvedB.distinguishedC.dividedD.removed问题14选项A.electricB.electronicC.powerD.heating问题15选项A.powerfulB.resourcefulC.efficientD.reliable问题16选项A.throughB.intoC.byD.with问题17选项A.howB.thatC.because

28、D.which问题18选项A.butB.soC.orD.too问题19选项A.tipicalB.normalC.averageD.general问题20选项A.discoveredB.inventedC.disclosedD.revealed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:A【解析】(1)考查名词词义辨析。从上下文可知,these指的是前面提到的coal, petroleum, gas这几种燃料,所以

29、空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。选项D符合题意。(2)考查形容词词义辨析。abundant “丰富的”;adequate “充足的”;scarce “缺乏的,不足的”;rare “稀有的”。前文提到这些燃料有限,and后面的“electric power”应该与前文燃料一样有限,所以选项C符合题意。(3)考查名词词义辨析。语意:一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_能够满足世界对能源的强烈_。太阳能属于一种能源,所以source符合题意。means “手段,方法”;solution “解决方法”;resource “资源”,比如人力资源。选项B符合题意。(4)考查固定搭配。Meet the need f

30、or 满足 的需求。语意:一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。选项A符合题意。(5)考查固定搭配。Not onlybut also为固定搭配,also可以省略,意识是 “既 又 ”。所以选项D符合题意。(6)考查固定搭配。suchas意思是“像 这样”。选项C符合题意。(7)考查动词词义辨析。与telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks搭配的动词只有operate,选项B符合题意。connect “连接”;drive “推动”;manufacture “制造”。(8)考查动词词义辨析。heat “加热”;bu

31、rn “燃烧”;equip “装备,配备”;build “建造”。根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途:取暖。选项A符合题意。(9)考查词组辨析。ever since “自从 以来”; no wonder “怪不得”;in all “总共,共计”;so far “到目前为止”。将各个词组的意思代入到句子中,选项D符合题意。(10)考查语法知识。逗号前面是一个完整的句子,所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。只有which能够引导非限制性定语从句,所以选项C符合题意。(11)考查副词词义辨析。specially “专门地”;especially “尤其,特别”;essentially “

32、本质上”;specifically “明确地”。空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词,来表示程度,“尤其重要”,选项B符合题意。(12)考查形容词词义辨析。fresh “新鲜的;淡水的”;healthy “健康的”;boiled “煮沸的”;cool “凉爽的,冷静的”。根据后面一句 Salt can easily be_ from sea water,主语是salt,可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取fresh water “淡水”,选项A符合题意。(13)考查动词词义辨析。空格所在句的主语是salt,语意:盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。选项D符合题意。dissolve

33、“ 溶解”,一般指固体溶解在液体中;distinguish “区分”;divide“分割”; remove “移除”。(14)考查名词词义辨析。electric “电”;electronic “电子”;power “电力;动力”;heating “暖气”。结合下文可知,太阳能蓄电池(solar cell)可以产生电能(electric energy),所以solar cell 是一种动力设备,选项C符合题意。(15)考查形容词词义辨析。powerful “强有力的”; resourceful“资源丰富的”;efficient “效率高的”; reliable “可靠的”。后面提到16%的电能转

34、化率,所以空格处是说明效率高,选项C符合题意。(16)考查动词词组固定搭配。turn into“将 转化为 ”。选项B符合题意。(17)考查语法知识。空格处的连接词引导一个表语从句,从句句子完整,所以填入关系代词that。选项B符合题意。(18)考查固定搭配。either or “要么 要么 ”。选项C符合题意。(19)考查形容词词义辨析。typical “典型的”;normal “正常的”;average “平均的”;general “一般的,普通的”。句意:对于_消费者来说太阳能电池还有太贵了。average people “普通人”符合题意。选项C符合题意。(20)考查动词搭配。空格处动

35、词要能够与way搭配。discover “发现”;invent “发明”;disclose “公开”;reveal “揭露”。ways在这里是“方法”的意思,所以选项A符合题意。8.单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always ( ) too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。prescribe “规定;开药;开处方”;ord

36、er “命令;整理;定购”;deliver “交付;递送”;advise “建议”。句意:如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评,因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。9.单选题Research can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not ( )into marketable good and service.问题1选项A.launchedB.translatedC.dissectedD.conveyed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。launch “发射,发行”;translate “翻译

37、,转化”;dissect “仔细分析”;convey “传达,运输”。根据句意“如果新的科学发现没有转化为市场商品和服务,科学研究没有经济影响”,选项B符合题意。10.单选题The wealth of a country should be measured ( )the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.regardless ofD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。In line with “符合,与 一致”;in terms of “依据,根据,在 方面”;regardless of “不顾,不管”;by means of “借助于,凭借”。根据句意“一个国家的财富应该依据人民的健康和幸福以及它所生产的商品来衡量”,选项B符合题意。

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