考研考博-考博英语-东北财经大学考前自测提分卷49(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-东北财经大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Since you are so weak, you should take every _ precaution against catching cold.问题1选项A.criticalB.comparableC.distinctD.conceivable【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. critical 关键的 B. comparable 可比较的C. distinct 明显的；确切的 D. conceivable 可想象的；可信的【答案】D【考查

2、点】形容词辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】原句语义为“既然你这么虚弱，你应该采取一切_的预防措施以防感冒。”由此可知，病人非常虚弱，应该采取一切可能的措施预防感冒，D选项conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项critical“关键的”，“采取每一个关键的预防措施”没有“采取每一个可能的预防措施”符合原句语境；B选项comparable“可比较的”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项distinct“明显的；确切的”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】既然你这么虚弱，你应该采取一切可能的预防措施以防感冒。2.单选题The _ of women to men at my c

3、ollege is about two to one.问题1选项A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. rate 比率 B. proportion 比例C. portion 部分 D. percentage 百分率【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】根据原句中“女生和男生的_”以及“大约二比一”可知，空格处应填入的是女生和男生的比例，因此，B选项proportion“比例”符合题意，proportion可以指一个量与另一个量的比值。【干扰项排除】A选项rate“比率”，侧重于指在某一特定时期内某事物发生或存在的次数；

4、C选项portion“部分”，侧重于指整体中的一部分；D选项percentage“百分率”，侧重于指部分在整体中的占比（用百分比表示）。【句意】在我的大学里男女比例大约是一比二。3.单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in everyone except _?问题1选项A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. ingredients （烹饪的）原料 B. elements 要素C. components 组成部分

5、D. compounds 混合物【答案】A【考查点】近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“为什么素食餐厅除了_以外，所有的菜都像肉？”根据各选项的意思推测，这句话指的是素食餐厅的菜除了原料都像肉，A选项ingredients“（烹饪的）原料”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B选项elements“要素”，侧重于指某物的必要部分或基础部分；C选项components“组成部分”，泛指某物的组成部分；D选项compounds“混合物”，指由两种或两种以上元素组成的物质。【句意】为什么素食餐厅除了原料以外，所有的菜都像肉？4.单选题Children are _ to be noisy while th

6、ey are playing.问题1选项A.easyB.liableC.likelyD.apt【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. easy 容易的 B. liable 可能的C. likely 可能的 D. apt 易于；有倾向的【答案】D【考查点】近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“当孩子们在玩耍的时候，他们_吵闹的。”D选项apt“易于；有倾向的”，apt to be noisy指的是有吵吵闹闹的自然倾向，表达的是孩子们在玩耍的时候常常是吵闹的一种自然倾向或状态，D选项语义最恰当。【干扰项排除】A选项easy“容易的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候吵闹起来很容易，一点都不难，表达的是难易程度，

7、语义没有D选项恰当；B选项liable“可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当；C选项likely“可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当。【句意】孩子们玩耍的时候往往很吵闹。5.单选题Factory and accompanying prosperity muted memories of the Great Depression and made him a national hero.问题1选项A.transpireB.upbraidC.muffleD.twist【答案】C【解析】【选项释

8、义】A. transpire 为人所知 B. upbraid 训斥C. muffle 使（声音）降低 D. twist 使弯曲【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线词的主语为“工厂和随之而来的繁荣”，宾语为“关于大萧条的记忆”，根据常理推断，繁荣冲淡了人们对大萧条的记忆；原词muted“消音；减弱”。因此，C选项muffle“使（声音）降低”最接近原句句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句句意。【句意】工厂和随之而来的繁荣掩盖了人们对大萧条的记忆，并且使他成为了民族英雄。6.单选题He was a very _ electrician and could repair all ki

9、nds of electric appliance.问题1选项A.competentB.elaborateC.industriousD.thrifty【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. competent 能干的 B. elaborate 详尽的C. industrious 勤劳的 D. thrifty 节俭的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词用来形容“他”是一个怎样的电工，根据后文“能修理各种电器”可知，他是一个能干的电工，A选项competent“能干的”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】他是个非常能干的电工，能修理各种

10、电器。7.单选题A team of scientist reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Artie, and a second team reported a still _ claim.问题1选项A.controversialB.solitaryC.superficialD.peculiar【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial 有争议的 B. solitary 单独的C. superficial 肤浅的 D. peculiar 奇怪的【答案】A【考查点】修饰语与被

11、修饰语的搭配【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是claim，指尚未被证实的对某事的真实性的陈述，因此A选项controversial“有争议的”最符合原文尚未被证实的意项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项与被修饰语claim搭配不当。【句意】一个小组的科学家报告了阿蒂冰川分布模式的巨大变化，另一个小组报告了一个仍有争议的说法。8.单选题What, can rigid, cold calculating mathematics possibly have in common with subtle, creative, lofty, imaginative art? This question fait

12、hfully mirrors the state of mind of most people, even of most educated people, when they regard the numbers and symbols that populate the world of mathematics. But the great leaders of mathematics thought have frequently and repeatedly asserted that the object of their pursuit is just as much an art

13、 as it is a science, and perhaps even fine art. Maxime Bocher, eminent mathematician living at the beginning of last century, wrote, “I like to look at mathematics almost more as an art than as a science; for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not contro

14、lled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let us say. Rigorous deductive reasoning on the part of the mathematician may be likened here to the technical skill in drawing on the part of the painter. J

15、ust as one cannot become a painter without a certain amount of skill, so no one can become a mathematician without the power to reason accurately up to a certain point.“Yet these qualities, fundamental though they are, do not make a painter or a mathematician worthy of the name, nor indeed are they

16、the most important factors in the case. Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the making of a good artist or a good mathematician.”If mathematics wants to lay claim to being an art, however, it must show that it possesses and makes use of

17、at least some of the elements that go to make up the things of beauty. Is not imagination, creative imagination, the most essential element of an art? Let us take a geometric object, such as the circle. To the ordinary man, this is the rim of a wheel, perhaps with spokes in it. Elementary geometry h

18、as crowded this simple figure with radii (半径), chords, sectors, tangents (切线), diameters, inscribed and circumscribed polygons, and so on.Here you have already an entire geometrical world created from a very rudimentary beginning. These and other miracles are undeniable proof of the creative power o

19、f the mathematician; and, as if this were not enough, the mathematician allows the whole circle to “vanish”, declares it to be imaginary, then keeps on toying with his new creation in much the same way and with much the same gusto (爱好，兴趣) as he did with the innocent little thing you allowed him to s

20、tart out with. And all this, remember please, is just elementary plane geometry. Truly, the creative imagination displayed by the mathematician has nowhere been exceeded, nor even paralleled, and I would make bold to say, not even closely approached anywhere else.In many ways mathematics exhibits th

21、e same elements of beauty that are generally acknowledged to be the essence of poetry. First, let us consider a minor point: the poet arranges his writings on the page in verse. His poem first appeals to the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his for

22、mulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression. Some mathematicians are given to this love of arranging and exhibiting their equations to a degree that borders on a fault. Trigonometry, a branch of elementary mathematics particularly rich in formulas, offers some curious gro

23、ups of them, curious in their symmetry and their arrangement.The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbolism used in poetry, and secondly in its extreme condensation and economy of words. Take a poem of universally acknowledged merit, say Shelleys poem “To

24、 Night”. Here is the second stanza: Wrap thy form in a mantle gray, star-in wrought! Blind with thine heir the eyes of Day; Kiss her until she be wearied out; Then wander our city, and sea, and land; touching all with thine opiate wandCome, long-sought!Taken literally, all this is, of course, sheer

25、nonsense and nothing else. Night has no hair, night does not wear any clothes, and night is not an illicit peddler or narcotics. But is there anybody balmy enough to take the words of the poet literally? The words here are only comparisons, only symbols. For the sake of condensation the poet doesnt

26、bother stating that his symbols mean such and such, but goes on to treat them as if they were realities.The mathematician does these things precisely as the poet does. Take numbers, for example, the very idea of which is an abstraction, or symbol. When you write the figure 3, you have created a symb

27、ol for a symbol, and when you say in algebra that a is a number, you have condensed all the symbols for all the numbers into one all-embracing symbol. These, like other mathematical symbols, and like the poets symbols, are a condensed, concentrated way of stating a long and rather complicated chain

28、of simple geometrical, algebraic, or numerical relations.1. The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is _.2. In the writers opinion, what is the most fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician?3. In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same el

29、ements of beauty as poet?4. Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its _.5. Just like poets, mathematicians may use _.问题1选项A.both are controlled by the external worldB.both resemble the senses of the worldC.both are not fanciful but realD.both involve constant creating问题2选项A.Numerical s

30、kills.B.Creation.C.Imagination.D.Sense of beauty.问题3选项A.Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful form.B.Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to make their proofs elegant.C.Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry

31、.D.Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verse.问题4选项A.unusual dictionB.imaginative expressionC.symbolism, condensation and economy of wordsD.condensation and imaginative diction问题5选项A.numbers to signify beautyB.symbols for the sake of comparisonC.poems as a kind of symbolsD.symbols for th

32、e sake of condensation and concentration【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is _. 数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处是_。A. both are controlled by the external world A. 两者都受外部世界的控制B. both resemble the senses of the world B. 两者都类似于世界

33、的感觉C. both are not fanciful but real C. 两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的D. both involve constant creating D. 两者都涉及到不断创造【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词similarity和the activities of mathematicians and those of artists定位到原文第1段第4句，后半句提到“数学家的活动（the activity of the mathematician），虽然不受外部感官世界的控制，却需要不断地创造（constantly creating），这与艺

34、术家的活动（to the activities of the artist），比如说画家的活动，有相似之处（bears a resemblance），我相信这不是幻想的，而是真实的。”由此可知，数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处在于两者都需要不断创造。因此，D选项“两者都涉及到不断创造”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到数学家的活动“不受外部感官世界的控制（not controlled by the external world of the senses）”，该选项表述错误；B选项“两者都类似于世界的感觉”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（the exter

35、nal world of the senses）”，并没有提到所谓“世界的感觉（the senses of the world）”，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的”，原文作者是说数学家与艺术家之间的相似性不是幻想的而是真实的，并不是说数学家和艺术家的活动，该选项属于曲解原文。第2题:【选项释义】In the writers opinion, what is the most fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician? 在作者看来，成为一名优秀的艺术家或数学家最重要的要素是什么？A. Nu

36、merical skills. A. 数学技巧。B. Creation. B. 创造力。C. Imagination. C. 想象力。D. Sense of beauty. D. 美感。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词makes a good artist or mathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“还有一些更微妙的品质，其中最主要的就是想象力（chief among which in both cases is imagination），这些品质有助于成为优秀的艺术家或数学家（the making of a good artist or a g

37、ood mathematician）。”由此可知，作者认为成为一名优秀的艺术家或画家，最重要的是C选项“想象力”。【干扰项排除】A选项“数学技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“然而，这些品质，尽管是最基本的，却不能使一个画家或数学家名符其实，它们也不是最重要的因素。”由此可知，上一段提到的品质，如一些技巧（a certain amount of skill）和精确的推理能力（the power to reason accurately up to a certain point），并不能使他们被称之为好的艺术家或数学家。该选项属于曲解原文；B选项“创造力”，原文并未提及；D选项“美感”

38、，原文并未提及。第3题:【选项释义】In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet? 数学家是怎样和诗人一样展现美的？A. Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful form. A. 数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式。B. Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to make their

39、 proofs elegant. B. 数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅。C. Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry. C. 数学家很少把公式和方程式安排得对称。D. Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verse. D. 数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词exhibit the same elements of beauty定位到原文第5段第一句，该句提到“在许多方面，数

40、学展现出的美与一般公认的诗歌的本质相同（exhibits the same elements of beauty）。”第2句后半句提到“诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上”，第3句提到“他的诗在进入耳朵或思想之前，首先是视觉的（appeals to the eye）”；紧接着提到“类似地（similarly），数学家排列他的公式和方程式（lines up his formulas and equations），以便它们的形式可以产生美学印象（so that their form may make an aesthetic impression）。”由此可知，诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上，产生

41、视觉上的美感，而数学家也通过排列公式和方程式产生同样的美感，A选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅”，原文没有提到“证明（proofs）”，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“数学家很少把公式和方程式排列得对称”，原文没有提到“对称（symmetry）”，但是提到了数学家会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文”，原文是说诗人会把他们写的作品按韵文排列，而数学家也会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于张冠李戴。第4题:【选项释义】Poetry is superior t

42、o other forms of expression for its _. 诗歌优于其他表达形式，因为它的_。A. unusual diction A. 不寻常的措辞B. imaginative expression B. 富有想象力的表达C. symbolism, condensation and economy of words C. 象征、词语的凝练和简洁D. condensation and imaginative diction D. 凝练和富有想象力的措辞【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Poetry和superior to other forms定位到原文

43、第6段第1句，该句提到“诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优势，首先在于诗歌中使用的象征主义（first in the symbolism used in poetry），其次在于文字的极端浓缩和精简（extreme condensation and economy of words）。”由此可知，C选项“象征、词语的凝练和简洁”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“不寻常的措辞”、B选项“富有想象力的表达”、D选项“凝练和富有想象力的措辞”，均不符合原文表述，属于无中生有。第5题:【选项释义】Just like poets, mathematicians may use _. 就像诗人一样，数学家也会_

44、。A. numbers to signify beauty A. 使用数字代表美丽B. symbols for the sake of comparison B. 为了比较而使用的符号C. poems as a kind pf symbols C. 使用诗歌作为一种象征D. symbols for the sake of condensation and concentration D. 为了凝练和集中而使用符号【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Just like poets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“数学家所做的事情和诗人所做的完全一样。”本

45、段最后一句提到“这些符号，就像其他的数学符号一样（mathematical symbols），也像诗人的符号一样（like the poets symbols），是一种凝练的、集中的方式（a condensed, concentrated way of），用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系组成的长而复杂的数学链。”由此可知，数学家和艺术家都会使用符号，因为这是一种凝练而集中的表达方式，D选项“为了凝练和集中而使用符号”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“使用数字代表美丽”，这不是数学家与诗人相同的地方，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“为了比较而使用的符号”，数学家使用符合不是为了比较，该选项属于曲解

46、原文；C选项“使用诗歌作为一种象征”，数学家不是用诗歌来表示象征，而是使用字母（in algebra that a is a number），该选项属于曲解原文。9.单选题In most cases politicians are _ as they seldom tell the truth.问题1选项A.credibleB.incredulousC.credulousD.incredible【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. credible 可信的 B. incredulous 怀疑的C. credulous 轻信的 D. incredible 不能相信的【答案】D【考查点】句间逻辑【解

47、题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是政客们，表示的是政客们的特点；后文有一个as引导的原因状语从句，对此进行解释，其句意为“他们几乎不说真话”。根据原句逻辑，因为政客们很少说真话，所以他们不能让人相信，D选项incredible“不能相信的”，形容的人是“相信”的对象，最符合原句语义逻辑。【干扰项排除】A选项credible“可信的”，与原句语义逻辑相反；B选项incredulous“怀疑的”，侧重于指一个人不轻易相信某人或某事；C选项credulous“轻信的”，侧重于指一个人轻易地相信某人或某事。【句意】在大多数情况下，政治家都是不能相信的，因为他们很少说真话。10.单选题Hardly anyth

48、ing _ more than happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.问题1选项A.please himB.does please himC.does him pleaseD.pleases him【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. please him 使他开心 B. does please him 确实使他开心C. does him please 确实是他开心 D. pleases him 使他开心【答案】D【考查点】主谓一致【解题思路】该句的主语为anything“任何事情”，是一个不定代词，不定代词做主语时

49、，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。选项中的please为本句的谓语，其第三人称单数形式为pleases，him为本句的宾语。因此，D选项pleases him“使他开心”满足语法要求。【干扰项排除】A选项please him，没有使用第三人称单数；B选项does please him，虽然hardly放在句首时一般需要部分倒装，但是，本句没有在主语anything的前面挖空，does的位置不对。另外，hardly放在句首也可以不使用部分倒装，只是这样就不表示强调了；C选项does him please，与B选项相同，does的位置不对，另外，him是宾语，应在please的后面。【句意】没有什么比看到有人用他的设备治疗更让他高兴的了。