考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷56(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Young adults experience news fatigue from being inundated by facts and updates and have trouble accessing in-depth stories, according to a study to be unveiled at a global media conference. The Context-Based Research Group, an eth

2、nographic research firm, found that the news consumption behavior of younger readers differs profoundly from that of previous generations.The research project, commissioned by The Associated Press in 2007, analyzed the news consumption patterns of an ethnically diverse group of 18 men and women betw

3、een the ages of 18 and 34 in six cities in the United States, Britain and India. It ultimately helped AP design a new model for news delivery to meet the needs of young adults, who are driving the shift from traditional media to digital news, said Jim Kennedy, APs director of strategic planning. “Th

4、e real value was that it gave us a lasting model of how news is being consumed in the digital space by young people that we can use to improve our own newsgathering and project development,” Kennedy said.That includes what the AP calls “1-2-3 filing”, starting with a news alert headline for breaking

5、 news, followed by a short present-tense story that is usable on the Web and by broadcasters. The third step is to add details and format stories in ways most appropriate for various news platforms. Editors at the Telegraph in London are following a similar approach and have seen a big jump in traff

6、ic at the newspapers website. The study said the Telegraph has adopted the mind-set of a broadcast-news operation to quickly build from headlines to short stories to complete multimedia packages online to boost readership. The studys purpose was to obtain a deeper and more holistic understanding of

7、the news consumption behavior of younger audiences. The results were scheduled to be presented in a 71-page report to media executives and editors from around the globe at the World Editors Forum in Goteborg, southwestern Sweden.A key finding was that participants yearned for quality, and in-depth r

8、eporting but had difficulty immediately accessing such content because they were bombarded by facts and updates in headlines and snippets of news. The study also found that participants were unable to give full attention to the news because they were almost always simultaneously engaged other activi

9、ties, such as reading e-mail.That represents a shift from previous consumption models in which people sat down to watch the evening news or read the morning paper. “Our observations and analysis identified that consumers news diets are out of balance due to the over-consumption of facts and headline

10、s,” said Robbie Blinkoff, co-founder and head anthropologist at Baltimore, Maryland-based Context-Based Research Group.To combat that, the authors recommended that news producers develop easier ways for readers to discover in-depth content and to avoid repetitious updates of breaking news. The resea

11、rch was conducted in six major metropolitan areas around the globe: Houston. Silicon Valley, Philadelphia and Kansas City in the United States; Brighton, Britain; and Hyderabad, India.1. Young adults are found different from previous generation in _.2. Which of the following statements is true about

12、 the research project?3. The “1-2-3 filing” approach _.4. The young audiences refuse to read in-depth reporting because _.5. The suggestions of the authors are the following EXCEPT _.问题1选项A.reading newsB.looking for news cluesC.analyzing in-depth storiesD.researching film问题2选项A.The project was taken

13、 by the Associated Press in 2007.B.It aimed to provide a new model for news delivery catering to the youth.C.There are 52 participants in three countries to be analyzed in the project.D.The AP relies on the project to open a news platform on the web and by broadcasters.问题3选项A.is actually a three-ste

14、p method in finding and editing newsB.is considered a big success in reforming news consumption modelC.is adopted by the Telegraph to attracting readers at different agesD.received a hot discussion from media executives and editors in the world问题4选项A.they are fatigued by the large number of facts an

15、d updates in headlines and short newsB.they have no interest in watching the evening news or reading the morning paperC.they are always busy in reading e-mail at the same time when surfing onlineD.they are tired of the traditional format of details of news and updates in the paper问题5选项A.to develop a

16、 news consumption model for young readersB.to avoid repetitious updates of breaking newsC.to find easy ways for readersD.to conduct similar researches【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】Young adults are found different from previous generation in _. 年轻人与以前的人的不同体现在_。A. reading news A. 阅读新闻B. lo

17、oking for news clues B. 寻找新闻线索C. analyzing in-depth stories C. 深入分析故事D. researching film D. 研究电影【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Young adults和different from previous generation定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“年轻读者的新闻消费行为（the news consumption behavior）与前几代人有很大不同”，由此可知，A选项“阅读新闻”即“新闻消费行为”，表述正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项原文并未提及，属于无中生有。2. 【

18、选项释义】Which of the following statements is true about the research project? 关于这个研究项目，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. The project was taken by the Associated Press in 2007. A. 该项目于2007年由美联社进行的。B. It aimed to provide a new model for news delivery catering to the youth. B. 它旨在提供一种新的模式，以满足年轻人接收新闻。C. There are 52 participa

19、nts in three countries to be analyzed in the project. C. 该项目将对来自三个国家的52名参与者进行分析。D. The AP relies on the project to open a news platform on the web and by broadcasters. D. 美联社依靠这一项目在网络和广播上开放新闻平台。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词the research project定位到原文第2段。本段第2句提到“这最终帮助美联社设计了一种新的新闻发布模式，以满足年轻人的需求（a new model f

20、or news delivery to meet the needs of young adults）”，由此可知，B选项“它旨在提供一种新的模式，以满足年轻人接收新闻”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“该项目于2007年由美联社进行的”，可定位到第2段第1句，该句说到“该项目是2007年美联社委托的（commissioned by The Associated Press）”，而不是美联社进行的，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“该项目将对来自三个国家的52名参与者进行分析”，可定位到第2段第1句，该句提到“该项目分析了美国、英国和印度六个城市的18名不同种族的男性和女性（an ethnically

21、 diverse group of 18 men and women）的新闻消费模式”，由此可知，选项表述错误，不是52名参与者，而是18名；D选项“美联社依靠这一项目在网络和广播上开放新闻平台”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。3. 【选项释义】The “1-2-3 filing” approach _. “1-2-3备案”的方式_。A. is actually a three-step method in finding and editing news A. 实际上是发现和编辑新闻的三步法B. is considered a big success in reforming news

22、consumption model B. 是新闻消费模式改革的一大成功C. is adopted by the Telegraph to attracting readers at different ages C. 是电讯报用来吸引不同年龄的读者的D. received a hot discussion from media executives and editors in the world D. 受到了来自世界各地媒体主管和编辑的热烈讨论【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词1-2-3 filing定位到原文第3段。本段第1句提到“这包括美联社所称的1-2-3备案”，根据上文

23、第2段第2句可知，“这”指的是“一种新的新闻发布模式（a new model for news delivery）”，第2段最后一句提到“这种模式的真正价值在于它为我们了解年轻人如何在数字空间消费新闻提供了一个持久的模型”，由此可知，这是一种年轻人消费新闻的新方式。另外，第3段第3句提到“电讯报应用这种模式收获了大量流量（a big jump in traffic）”，因此，B选项“是新闻消费模式改革的一大成功”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“实际上是发现和编辑新闻的三步法”，可定位到第3段第1-2句，这两句介绍了这三步到底是哪三步，但是其中并不包括“发现新闻”的内容；另外，根据【解题思路】可

24、知，这三步法实际上是“一种新的新闻发布模式”，不包括新闻发现，因此，该选项表述错误，属于无中生有；C选项“是电讯报用来吸引不同年龄的读者的”，可定位到原文第3段第3-4句，这两句提到“电讯报（the Telegraph）”采取类似的做法是为了增加读者数量（to boost readership），并未具体到不同年龄阶段，该选项属于推理过度；D选项“受到了来自世界各地媒体主管和编辑的热烈讨论”，可定位到原文第3段最后一句，该句提到“调查结果将（were scheduled）在某个世界编辑论坛上，以一份71页的报告向来自全球各地的媒体高管和编辑公布”，原文并未提及是否受到了来自世界各地媒体主管和编

25、辑的热烈讨论，该选项属于推理过度。4. 【选项释义】The young audiences refuse to read in-depth reporting because _. 年轻观众拒绝阅读深度报道的原因是_。A. they are fatigued by the large number of facts and updates in headlines and short news A. 新闻标题和短新闻中有大量的事实和新信息让他们疲倦B. they have no interest in watching the evening news or reading the morni

26、ng paper B. 他们对看晚间新闻或读晨报没有兴趣C. they are always busy in reading e-mail at the same time when surfing online C. 他们总是在上网的同时忙着阅读电子邮件D. they are tired of the traditional format of details of news and updates in the paper D. 他们厌倦了传统形式即在纸上阅读的新闻细节和最新消息【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词young audiences和read in-depth re

27、porting定位到原文第4段。本段第1句提到“项目参与者渴望高质量和深入的报道，但很难立即访问这些内容，因为他们被新闻标题和新闻片段中的事实和最新消息（facts and updates in headlines and snippets of news）轰炸（were bombarded by）”，由此可知，因为标题和新闻片段中的事实和最新消息太多，所以人们才无法阅读有深度的报道，A选项“新闻标题和短新闻中有大量的事实和新信息让他们疲倦”表述正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们对看晚间新闻或读晨报没有兴趣”，可定位到原文第5段第1句，该句提到“人们坐下来看晚间新闻或阅读晨报（people sa

28、t down to watch the evening news or read the morning paper）的以往消费模式的转变（a shift from previous consumption models）”，但此处只提到了这种消费模式的转变，并没有说年轻人对“看晚间新闻或读晨报没有兴趣”，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“他们总是在上网的同时忙着阅读电子邮件”，可定位到原文第4段最后一句，该句提到“参与者无法专注于新闻，因为他们几乎总是同时从事其他活动（simultaneously engaged other activities），如阅读电子邮件（such as reading

29、e-mail）”，由此可知，看电子邮件只是原文举的一个例子，还可能是其他活动，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“他们厌倦了传统形式即在纸上阅读的新闻细节和最新消息”，原文没有提到他们厌倦了纸质阅读新闻，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】The suggestions of the authors are the following EXCEPT _. 以下哪一项不是研究作者们的建议。A. to develop a news consumption model for young readers A. 建立面向青年读者的新闻消费模式B. to avoid repetitious updates o

30、f breaking news B. 避免突发新闻的重复更新C. to find easy ways for readers C. 为读者找到简单的方法D. to conduct similar researches D. 进行类似的研究【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词The suggestions of the authors定位到原文最后一段，本段第1句提到“作者们建议新闻制作人开发更简单的方法（develop easier ways for readers），让读者发现有深度的内容，避免突发新闻的重复更新（to avoid repetitious updates of b

31、reaking news）”，由此可知，C选项“为读者找到简单的方法”、B选项“避免突发新闻的重复更新”，是原文提到的作者们的建议。A选项“建立面向青年读者的新闻消费模式”，可定位到原文第2段第2句，该句提到“这最终帮助美联社设计了一种新的新闻发布模式，以满足年轻人的需求（a new model for news delivery to meet the needs of young adults）”，由此可知，这项研究最终帮助美联社建立了面向年轻人的新的新闻消费模式，因此，这项研究的作者应该也是建议建立这种新模式的，A选项也符合原文。D选项“进行类似的研究”，原文并未提及，符合题目要求。【干

32、扰项排除】A、B、C选项，原文均有提及，不符合题目要求，属于反向干扰。2.单选题Up to this point there has been solid evidence that certain pathological mental states, like depression, are linked with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, but the relationship between normal personality traits likes optimism and health have

33、not been as thoroughly studied. Dr. Giltay carefully controlled the base line risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking and alcohol consumption in his study. Even after controlling for these confounding variables, there was still a significant excess of mortality in the pessimists compa

34、red with the optimists. And when he factored in the subjects own perception of their healthoptimists, not surprisingly, report feeling betterpessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.What about the possibility that some of the pessimistic subjects were simply suffering from undiagnosed dep

35、ression? After all, depression is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Dr. Giltay conceded that the subjects were not psychiatrically screened for depression or any other mental disorder, so this is a possibility. But he said depression was unlikely to explain the correlation between p

36、essimism and mortality. Perhaps, but we know that depression exists, too, on a spectrum. Mild chronic depressive states like dysthymia could easily masquerade as everyday pessimism, so this study cannot rule out mild depression as a contributor to excess mortality in the pessimistic subjects. Still,

37、 assuming that these findings are replicated and optimism does indeed confer a survival advantage, how mechanism could explain it?One possibility is that optimists may simply cope better with adversity than pessimists do and engage in behaviors that are more likely to promote health. It is well know

38、n, for example, that optimism is strongly associated with seeking social support and coping better with stress. There might even be biological differences between optimistic and pessimistic people that give optimists an edge. This is not so far-fetched if you consider that depression is associated w

39、ith alterations in many neurotransmitters and hormones, which can adversely affect physical health. At this point, pessimism in the absence of clinical depression is not considered a disease or a risk factor for developing one. But if these data are replicated, perhaps it should be. If thats the cas

40、e, then trials of optimism-enhancing treatments, including psychotherapies and probably antidepressants, wont be far behind. After all, there is already preliminary evidence that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can alter normal personality traits like sociability, even in people without depressi

41、on.But even if pessimism could be “treated”, would that guarantee a longer life? Judging from recent research in depression, it may be no slam-dunk. Efforts to decrease heart disease and mortality by treating depression have been disappointing. Two large randomized trials involving depressed heart-a

42、ttack patients found no survival benefit in treating them with either cognitive behavior therapy or serotonin-enhancing antidepressants, though their depression did improve. In the end, pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temperament will doom them to a short life. I

43、f pessimists should worry about anything, though, it is that they may have an undiagnosedand treatabledepression.21. We can convincingly infer from the first paragraph that _.22. Comparing pessimists with optimists, which of the following statements is NOT true?23. The optimism-enhancing treatments

44、can _.24. According to the last paragraph, we can conclude that _.25. The passage mainly wants to tell us that _.问题1选项A.normal personality guarantees good healthB.pessimism constitutes a fatal threat for healthC.the relationship between pessimism and death is being investigatedD.pessimism results in

45、 mortality问题2选项A.Optimists have better perception of their future.B.Pessimists have higher morbidity.C.Optimists are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease.D.Optimists enjoy longer lives than pessimists.问题3选项A.help develop normal personalityB.help decrease heart diseaseC.help enhance the

46、life spanD.help cure the clinical depression问题4选项A.depression could be treatableB.doctors are aware of the causes for depressionC.pessimists have to worry about their shorter life spanD.treating depression can cure heart disease and other fatal diseases问题5选项A.pessimism is very common among urban cit

47、izensB.pessimists are doomed to live a shorter lifeC.optimism guarantees a longer and healthier lifeD.pessimism is highly risky for our health【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】21. 判断推理题。根据题干定位到第1段，第1句the relationship between normal personality traits likes optimism and health have not been as thoroug

48、hly studied.（乐观主义等正常人格特征与健康之间的关系还没有得到彻底的研究。）由此判断，正常的人格特征与健康之间的关系还有待研究，A选项“正常的人格确保了健康”过于肯定，排除；第3句Even after controlling for these confounding variables, there was still a significant excess of mortality in the pessimists compared with the optimists.（即使在控制了这些混杂变量后，与乐观主义者相比，悲观主义者的死亡率仍然要高出很多。）由此判断，导致死亡的

49、因素有很多，比如前文的blood pressure, cholesterol“血压、血脂”等，而悲观主义与死亡之间有很大的关系，B选项“悲观主义是健康的一个致命威胁”与原文表述一致；D选项“悲观导致了死亡”表述过于绝对，未考虑其他因素，排除；第1段最后一句And when he factored in the subjects own perception of their healthoptimists, not surprisingly, report feeling betterpessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.（当他

50、考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时，毫不奇怪，乐观者的预见能力更好悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。）由此判断，该研究用悲观者与乐观者对比，不仅研究其死亡率的不同，而且研究其对自己健康水平的看法的不同，C选项“人们正在研究悲观主义和死亡之间的关系”表述不够准确。因此，本题最佳选项为B。22. 事实细节题。本题选择表述不正确的一项。A选项“乐观主义者对他们的未来的预见能力更好”，根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句when he factored in the subjects own perception of their healthoptimists, not surprisingly, repor

51、t feeling better.（当他考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时，毫不奇怪，乐观者的预见能力更好。）由此判断，乐观者对未来健康状况的预见能力更好，A选项与原文相符；B选项“悲观者发病率更高”，根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句pessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.（悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。）B选项与原文表述一致；C选项“乐观者不太可能患心血管疾病”，根据关键词定位到第1段第1句there has been solid evidence that certain pathological mental states,

52、like depression, are linked with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death.（有确凿的证据表明，某些病理精神状态，如抑郁症，与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关。）由此判断，心血管病与不好的精神状态有关，乐观者是好的心理状态，他们患心血管病的可能性不大，C选项与原文表述相符；D选项“乐观者比悲观者的寿命更长”根据关键词定位到原文倒数第2句In the end, pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temp

53、erament will doom them to a short life.（最后，悲观者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心他们自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，悲观者的生命不一定短暂，此外原文没有关于乐观者与悲观者寿命长短的比较，D选项的表述不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为D。23. 事实细节题。题干“乐观疗法可以”可定位到原文第3段trials of optimism-enhancing treatments, including psychotherapies and probably antidepressants（乐观疗法的尝试，包括心理疗法，可能还有抗抑郁药）。A选项“有助于发展正

54、常的人格”，可定位到第3段最后一句there is already preliminary evidence that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can alter normal personality traits（初步证据表明，提高血清素的抗抑郁药可以改变正常的人格特征），即乐观疗法可以帮助发展正常人格，A选项与原文相符；B选项“有助于减少心脏病”，可定位到原文第4段第2句Efforts to decrease heart disease and mortality by treating depression have been disapp

55、ointing.（通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治疗抑郁症并不能减少心脏病，心理疗法是用来治疗抑郁症的，因此它也不能减少抑郁症，B选项与原文不符；C选项“有助于延长寿命”，可定位到原文最后一段第1、2句But even if pessimism could be “treated”, would that guarantee a longer life? Judging from recent research in depression, it may be no slam-dunk.（但即使悲观主义可以“治疗”，这就能保证更长的寿命吗？从最近对抑郁症

56、的研究来看，这可能不是一件容易的事。）由此可知，寿命不一定能被延长，C选项与原文不符；D选项“有助于治愈临床抑郁症”，可定位到原文倒数第3句though their depression did improve.（尽管他们的抑郁症确实有所改善），选项中cure是治好的意思，与原文improve“改善”不符。因此，本题最佳选项为A。24. 事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段。A选项“抑郁症是可治疗的”，可定位到原文最后一句If pessimists should worry about anything, though, it is that they may have an undiagnos

57、edand treatabledepression.（不过，如果说悲观者应该担心什么的话，那就是他们可能患有一种未被诊断的、可治疗的抑郁症。）由此可推断，抑郁症是可治疗的，A选项与句意相符；B选项“医生意识到了抑郁症的原因”，可定位到第3段This is not so far-fetched if you consider that depression is associated with alterations in many neurotransmitters and hormones（如果你认为抑郁症与许多神经递质和激素的改变有关，这就不是那么牵强了）全文只有这个地方提到了抑郁症可能与

58、神经递质和激素的改变有关，并没有其他地方提及抑郁症的成因，无法得知医生是否意识到了抑郁症的原因，B选项排除；C选项“悲观者不得不担心他们更短的寿命”，可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temperament will doom them to a short life.（悲观主义者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，悲观者不需要担心寿命短暂的问题，C选项与原文表述相反，排除；D选项“治疗抑郁症可以治好心脏病和其他致命的疾病”，可定位

59、到最后一段第3句Efforts to decrease heart disease and mortality by treating depression have been disappointing.（通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治疗抑郁症并不能治好心脏病，D选项的表述与原文相反，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。25. 作者意图题。题干“这篇文章主要想告诉我们”，本文第1段介绍了某些病理精神状态，比如抑郁，与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关，以及Dr. Giltay的实验表明与乐观者相比，悲观者的死亡率和发病率更高；第2段讨论了悲观者死亡率更高的可能

60、原因可能有抑郁症，并提出为什么乐观者身体更健康的问题；第3段回答了上文提出的问题，并提出乐观疗法有可能可以治疗抑郁症；第4段总结悲观者可能患有未被查出的抑郁症，但即使抑郁症可以被治疗，也不能延长寿命。A选项“悲观主义在城市居民中很常见”，本文并未就悲观主义是否常见进行讨论，排除；B选项“悲观者注定活得更短”，可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temperament will doom them to a short life.（悲观者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心自己的

61、性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，作者认为悲观者不必担心自己的生命短暂，那么作者的意图不会是想告诉读者悲观者的寿命短暂，且B选项的表述过去绝对，排除；C选项“乐观能保证更长寿、更健康的生活”，根据全文判断，文章的主要讨论对象是悲观主义与悲观者，C选项“乐观”的作用，不会是作者的意图，排除；D选项“悲观主义对我们的健康非常有害”，根据段落大意判断，表述正确，且符合题意。因此，本文最佳选项为D。3.单选题Trans World Airlines (TWA) was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly

62、notifying victims families.问题1选项A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. briefly 简略地 B. quickly 迅速地C. accurately 准确地 D. earnestly 真诚地【考查点】副词辨析【解题思路】划线词是用来修饰“通知遇难者家属（notifying victims families）”，根据句意，航空公司因没有这么做而受到批评。根据常识，发生空难后正确的做法应该是“迅速通知家属”。B选项“迅速地”符合原句逻辑。原文promptly“迅速地”。【干扰项排除】A、

63、C、D选项与原文不符。【句意】环球航空公司（TWA）因试图掩盖真相而没有及时通知遇难者家属而受到批评。4.单选题Mr. Bloom is not _ now, but he will be famous someday.问题1选项A.significantB.dominantC.magnificentD.prominent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项significant“明显的，意义重大的”；B选项dominant“占优势的；显性的，生物专业名词”；C选项magnificent“壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的”；D选项prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：虽然布朗（Bloom）先生现在不_，但他总有一天会出名的。根据后一个分句推断，前一个分句是说布朗先生现在不出名。D选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。5.单选题Irans possible acquisition of nuclear weapons is a serious matter, but it does not _ military action.问题1选项A.compromiseB.easeC.accommodateD.justify【答案】C【解析】句间逻辑中的转折关系。A选项compromise“妥