2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题11（附答案详解）（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Although Asian countries are generally more _ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.问题1选项A.conservativeB.confidentialC.comprehensiveD.consistent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项conservative“守旧

2、的、传统的、拘谨的”；B项confidential“机密的、秘密的”；C项comprehensive“广泛的”；D项consistent“一致的、调和的”；句意：与西方国家相比，尽管亚洲国家在社会习俗上普遍较为保守，但在印度和中国却出现过几位著名的妇女领导人。因此该题A项正确。2. 单选题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus w

3、ent west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technologi

4、cal muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms as humanitys next great terra incognita. And with doubtful pro

5、spects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets r

6、eddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only human could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough

7、 to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet

8、 once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which

9、 a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.1. According to th

10、e passage, the chief purpose of explores in going to unknown place in the past was_.2. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is_.3. What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?4. By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably high

11、er than they have ever been”, the author means that_.5. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would _.问题1选项A.to display their countrys military mightB.to accomplish some significant scienceC.to find new areas for colonizationD.to pursue commercial and state interests问题2选项A.international co

12、operationB.nationalistic reasonsC.scientific researchD.long-term profits问题3选项A.tTo find out if life ever existed there.B.tTo see if humans could survive there.C.tTo prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D.tTo show the leading role of science in space exploration.问题4选项A.with Mars the ri

13、sks involved are much greater than any previous space ventures.B.in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC.in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD.with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are at issue问题5选项

14、A.make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB.confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC.reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD.provide an explanation why life is common in the universe【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】

15、：事实细节题。根据explorers go to unknown定位到全文首句。首句中提到，几个世纪以来，出于或多或少的经济原因及国家主义原因，探险家冒着生命危险深入到未知领域。本题是询问主要目的，所以reasons的定语从句中的内容即为答案“for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic”，由此可知答案为D。2.【试题解析】: 判断推理题。题目的意思是说促使各个国家大规模的太空探险的主要诱因是什么，定位到第2段，“it is clear that imperatives other than profit

16、s or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface.”可得知去太空探险是为了留下人类的痕迹也就是为了科学的探索，因此，答案为C。3.【试题解析】:判断推理题。根据main goal这一个关键词定位到第23段第43句。定位到原文，可得知在以往探险中一直扮演次要角色的科学这一次终于注定是主角了吗？?说明在以往探险中，一直被认为不重要的就是科学，由此可知那么这次最重要的就是科学，因此答案为D。4.【试题解析】: 事实细节题。根据引用的这句话可以定位

17、到原文的“A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life.”可得知，这次的探险可以获得了很多前所未有的珍贵资料，因此，答案为BA。5.【试题解析】：事实细节题。题目询问文章告诉我们火星上有生命的证据表明了什么，可定位到原文的最后一段“A

18、 more conclusive answer about life on Mars,， past or present,， would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life.” (（就火星上过去或现在的生命问题提供一个更具结论性的答案，将会给研究者提供宝贵的资料，使他们了解在何种条件下，一个行星体能够产生复杂的化学反应，导致生命的出现）)，因此，答案为C。3

19、. 单选题The president paid _to the firemen who had fought the blaze, saying their bravery had saved countless lives.问题1选项A.attentionB.heedC.griefD.tribute【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。4. 单

20、选题My husband ate a _breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.问题1选项A.primeB.convenientC.heartyD.heady【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prime”，意为“最初的，首位的”；B选项“convenient”，意为“方便的，附近的”；C选项“hearty”，意为“衷心的，强健的，营养丰富的，丰盛的”；D选项“heady”，意为“顽固的，任性的”。句意：我的丈夫在启程去偏远农舍之前，享用了一顿丰盛的早餐。因此，C选项符合题意。5. 单选题When it comes to

21、the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the s

22、oftening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont

23、 know if other clients are going to abandon me, too”, she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers

24、temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, expels say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem

25、 only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding stead

26、y in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe yo

27、u only get two or three,” says john deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broke. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a littl

28、e fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not an

29、ymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.1. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means _2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?3. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 3) the

30、 author is talking about _4. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.Spero can hardly maintain her business.B.Spero is too much engaged in her work.C.Spero has grown out of her bad habit.D.Spero is not in a d

31、esperate situation.问题2选项A.Optimistic.B.Confused.C.Carefree.D.Panicked.问题3选项A.gold market.B.real estate.C.stock exchange.D.venture investment.问题4选项A.They would benefit in certain ways.B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.C.Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.D.The purchasing power would be

32、enhanced.问题5选项A.A now boom, on the horizon.B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.C.Caution all right, panic not.D.The more ventures, the more chances.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“通过说艾伦斯佩罗还不至于咬手指（第一段第一行），作者的意思是？”。根据本题题干直接定位到第一段第一、二句话When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen

33、Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either（谈到经济放缓，艾伦斯佩罗还不至于咬手指。但这位47岁的美甲师也没能随心所欲地修剪、填充或打磨指甲），再结合后文可知，她不再去高档商场而是去中档商场了，所以可知这里是指斯佩罗的经济状况还没有到绝望的境地。A项“斯佩罗几乎无法维持自己的生意”说法过于绝对，虽然遭受到经济放缓的影响，但是生意还是在继续，只是没有之前好了；

34、B项“斯佩罗过分投入于自己的工作”说法没有原文依据；C项“斯佩罗已经戒掉了坏习惯”说法错误，该处为习语理解。所以该题D项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“公众对当前的经济形势有何看法？”。根据本题关键词“public”定位到第二段关键词“Consumers”以及最后一句Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tight

35、ening（消费者似乎只是担心，并没有惊慌失措，许多人说，他们对经济的长期前景仍然乐观，即使他们稍微勒紧裤腰带）可知，公众没有感到恐慌，甚至还是保持乐观的态度。B项“困惑的”；C选项“无忧无虑的”；C项“恐慌的”三个选项描述错误。所以该题A项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“当提及400万到1,000万美元之间（第三段第二、三行）时，作者在谈论？”。根据本题题干直接定位到第三段第三句In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly

36、 fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran（经纪人芭芭拉科克伦说，在曼哈顿，“由于华尔街奖金丰厚，400万至1000万美元的黄金市场掀起了新一轮淘金热”）再结合开头一二句可知这里是指房价，所以这里是指掀起了投资房产的淘金热。A项“黄金市场”说法不准确，应该是与房地产相关内容；C选项“证券交易所”不符合本题题意；D项“风险投资”在本文没有提及。所以该题B项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“为什么许多人能够在经济放缓中看到银色的边？”。根据本题关键词“silver linings”定位到最后一段第二、三、四句Po

37、tential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom（潜在的购房者会为较低的利率而欢呼。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者

38、现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素）可知经济放缓也是有好处的，他们可能以某些其他的方式受益。B项“股票市场显现了复苏的迹象”、C选项“经济繁荣之前通常会有这样的滑坡”不符合本题题意、D项“购买力会增强”均在原文没有体现。所以该题A项正确。5.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下说法作者有可能会同意哪一个？”根据最后一段第二、三、四句Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many

39、consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom（潜在的购房者会为较低的利率而欢呼。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素）可知经济放缓也是有好处的，他们可能以某些其他的方式受益，且第三段提到的公众的反应也是保持乐观的，所以作者的态度与C选项符合。A项“新的繁荣，即将出现”说法过于乐观，没有提到出现了新的繁荣；B选项“勒紧裤带，别无它法”说

40、法过于悲观，文章只是提到公众勒紧裤带，但他们依然是乐观的；C项“谨慎无碍，恐慌无需”；D项“风险越多，机会越多”在原文中没有提及。所以该题C项正确。6. 单选题According to legal provisions, the properties will either _the original owners or else be sold at auction.问题1选项A.commit toB.take toC.romp toD.revert to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“commit to”，意为“交付，把投入，对作出承诺”，B选项“take to”，意为“带到，养成

41、（做）的习惯”，C选项“romp to”，意为“轻松”，D选项revert to，意为“回复，归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产要么归原有者所有，要么被拍卖。因此，D选项符合句意。7. 单选题After deliberating for seven hours, the jury reached a majority_ of 10 to 3 in favor of the defendant.问题1选项A.declarationB.conclusionC.opinionD.verdict【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“declaration”，意为“公告；宣告；申报（单）”；B选项“

42、conclusion”，意为“结论；结局；推论”；C选项“opinion”，意为“意见；想法；（群体的）观点，信仰”；D选项“verdict”，意为“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，裁断”。句意：经过7个小时的商议，陪审团以10比3的多数_裁定_被告胜诉。本句表示“由陪审员经过商议后得出的结论，所以应该是裁定、裁决”。因此D选项符合题意。8. 单选题In the end the little boy went to school without so much a_ of protest.问题1选项A.whimperB.whimC.whirlD.whistle【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“w

43、himper”，意为“抽泣，吹口哨”；B选项“whim”，意为“心血来潮，突发奇想”，C选项“whirl”，意为“旋转，回转”，D选项“whistle”，意为“口哨，汽笛声”。句意：最后，小男孩去上学了，并没有多少抗议的念头。因此，B选项符合题意。9. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the write may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the w

44、riter may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance th

45、at would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biography - not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal posit

46、ion for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position be he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, an

47、d select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. Th

48、e biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unautho

49、rized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies

50、, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who_.2. The author cites the biographies o

51、f Jesus in the Bible in order to show that_.3. Which of the following statements in is true, according to the passage?4. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because_.5. In this passage, the author focuses on_.问题1选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper dista

52、nce from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB.biogr

53、aphies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.biographies can serve different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C.No one can write a perfe

54、ct biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the

55、subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biographies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题

56、:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题目说的是在作者看来，一个理想的传记作者会是什么样的人。定位到原文的第一段的第二句和第三句，可得知与研究对象过于亲密，作家就会失去客观性，与研究对象不够亲密，作家就会缺乏同理心。太近或者不太近都会有其弊端，因此要把握好这个度。选项A的意思是说很了解这个研究对象，并且能够把握好这个距离。选项B、C和D都比较片面，因此答案为A。2.【试题解析】作者意图题。题干中问的是作者选择圣经中的耶稣传记目的何在？根据原文定位到第三二段中的“they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better

57、than anyone else.”选项A的意思是最好的传记旨在改变读者，原文并没有提到评判传记的标准。选项B的意思是传记是被研究对象的真实生活写照，这句话的意思是正确的，但是并不是作者举例的目的。选项C的 意思是最好的传记作品是关于英雄和名人的传记，同样也是涉及到评判传记的标准。，选项D，可以定位到原文“When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only

58、human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are.”举了两个不同的例子，说明传记是为各种目的服务的。因此，答案为D。A. An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B. An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C. No one can write a perfect bio

59、graphy.D. Authorized biographies have a wider readership.3.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干中问的是哪个说法正确，。选项C“没有人能写出完美的传记”可以定位到原文第二段的首句“There is no ideal position for such a task.”可得知，与选项C属于同义替换。选项A,“， 真正的自传很少能够吸引读者，”可根据原文中的“Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal,，由这个句子中的also根据also可可得知，真正的（授权的）自传是可以吸引读者的。选项B“一

60、本真实的传记是被传记主体授权的”来自最后一段,，但文中说的是“In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several authentic ones”，在图书宣传中，“未经授权”的人物描述通常意味着读者可能会听到读者希望隐瞒的绘声绘色的小道消息。一个人可能有好几本

61、传记，甚至是好几本“真实的”传记。说明就算是“真实的”传记，也不见得是被授权的， 。 选项C可以定位到原文第二段的首句“There is no ideal position for such a task.”可得知，跟选项C属于同义替换。D选项“授权传记拥有更广泛的读者群”来自最后一段中“Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer”，然而，未经授权的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们可以显示传记作者有

62、独立的思想。可知经授权与未经授权的自传都可以吸引读者，因此可排除D选项。因此，答案为C。4.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是一部未经授权的传记会吸引更多读者的原因。定位到原文中最后一段的第四句“In book promotions, the “unauthorized characterization usually 41.”suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress.”可得知，未经授权的传记作品通常会暗示人们其中有他们所期望的有趣的八卦。正好符合选项B它包含着令人感兴趣的有关研究对

63、象的私生活的内容。选项A、C以及D原文并没有提及。因此，答案为B。5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干中问的是文章大意。通读全文，文章的主要内容就是在讲述自传作家找到这个合适的角度去做他的工作的难处。可以定位到文章的首句“The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject.”可得知这个职业的困难点。因此，答案为A。10. 单选题Output from the power stations _steeply as restrictions on the movement of coal took effect.问题1选项A.fell behindB.fell backC.fell throughD.fell away【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A