2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题34（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the i

2、deal adults.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed t

3、o all the temptation of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mother knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern ou

4、tlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition-however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the childs impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitte

5、d implicitly to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the fathers order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama”, so the toddler was alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and agai

6、n she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a childs “No” period might have mode

7、rated the disciplining of little children and the application of the proverb “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness and sobriety. These

8、 moral principles fixed in the childs character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.1. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, he does not include _.2. Acc

9、ording to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to _.3. Calvin is mentioned in this article to show _.问题1选项A.the nature of a childB.attitudes of spoiled children when they become adultsC.reasons why spoiling occursD.consequences from spoiling a child问题2选项A.develop independence in their ch

10、ildrenB.avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinC.broaden the experiences of their childrenD.set good examples of their children问题3选项A.the derivation of the stern outlook of the PuritansB.French influence in the discipline of childrenC.a dissenting view in the spoiling childrenD.how the refor

11、mation moderated the severe discipline【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of

12、a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么。他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确。A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除。C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除。D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。我

13、们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）。B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确。A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文

14、章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除。C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除。D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文

15、的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确。B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除。D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearl

16、y 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a 1996 study by the Alzheimers Association. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressing. Many complain that their brothers are treated l

17、ike heroes just for showing up. But with smaller families and more women working full-time, many men have no choice but to take on roles that would have been alien to their fathers.Often they are overshadowed by their female counterparts and faced with employers, friends, support organizations and s

18、ometimes even parents who view caregiving as an essentially female role. Male caregivers are more likely to say they feel unprepared for the role and become socially isolated, and less likely to ask for help. Isolation affects women as well, but men tend to have fewer lifeline. “They are less likely

19、 to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.” Dr. Donna Wagner, the director of gerontology at Towson University and one of the few researchers who has studied sons as caregivers, said.In past generations, men might have pointed to their

20、accomplishments as breadwinners or fathers. Now, some men say they worry about the conflict between caring for their parents and these other roles. In a 2003 study at three Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers beca

21、use they feared it would be held against them. “Even though the company has endorsed the program, your supervisors may have a different opinion,” Dr. Wagner said. Matt Kassin, 51, worked for a large company with very generous benefits, and his employer had been understanding. But he was reluctant to

22、 talk about his caregivers because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.For many men, the new role means giving up their self-image as

23、experts, said Louis Colbert, director of the office of services for the aging in Delaware County, Pa., who has shared care of his 84-year-old mother with his siblings since her Alzheimers made it necessary. Once a year, Mr. Colbert organizes a get-together for male caregivers. The concerns they rais

24、e, he said, are different from those of women in support groups. “Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible,” he said.1. What can we know about men according to the Alzheimers Association and the

25、National Alliance for Caregiving?2. Why do men tend to feel more stressed and socially isolated according to Donna Wagner?3. Donna Wagner solution to the conflict between caring for parents and other social roles is to _.4. Why was Matt Kassin unwilling to talk about his caregiving with his employer

26、?5. What might be the concerns of male caregivers according to Louis Colbert?问题1选项A.More men play the leading role in caring for elderly parents.B.Men count on their wives to take care of their parents.C.Men undertake all family care including washing and cooking.D.Men tend to be viewed as heroes fo

27、r their parents.问题2选项A.Because they feel overwhelmed by the pressure from parents.B.Because they face the competition from their female counterparts.C.Because they find few people to talk and share their experiences with.D.Because they are psychologically unprepared for the role.问题3选项A.take advantag

28、e of employee-assistance programsB.make adjustment both physically and emotionallyC.schedule time for parents, children and jobD.involve in the outside world as much as possible问题4选项A.Because the company did not provide such support programs.B.Because he was threatened to be at the risk of losing hi

29、s job.C.Because he felt embarrassed to send parents to nursing homes.D.Because he feared it would lead to a distracted image in the mind of his boss.问题5选项A.They are lack of professional knowledge and skills.B.They feel it inappropriate for them to do the job.C.Their role of caregivers is not acknowl

30、edged.D.They feel what they do is not enough.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now（阿尔茨海默氏症协会和全国护理联盟估计，目前男性占家庭护理提供者的近40%）。A选项“越来

31、越多的男性在照顾年迈的父母方面起着主导作用”，文章第一段提到，大约有1700万男性在照顾一个成年人，符合A选项内容，A选项正确。B选项“男人依靠妻子照顾父母”，文章所说，女性仍然承担着大部分的家庭照顾工作，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“男人负责所有家庭事务，包括洗衣服和做饭”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“男人往往被他们的父母视为英雄”，文章所说许多人抱怨他们的兄弟仅仅因为出现了就被当作英雄对待，男人没有被父母视为英雄，因此可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第四句They are less likely to have fri

32、ends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.（他们不太可能有朋友经历类似的经历，更多地依靠他们的工作来进行日常的人际交往）。C选项“因为他们找不到可以交谈和分享自己经历的人”，从文章来看，男人不太可能和朋友有类似的经历，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“因为他们觉得被来自父母的压力压垮了”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为他们面临着来自女性同行的竞争”，文章所说他们常常被她们的女性同行蒙上阴影，而不是受到竞争，因此B选项可排除。D选项“因为他

33、们对这个角色没有心理准备”，这并不是造成他们有压力和社会孤立的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them.（唐娜瓦格纳博士发现，男性不太可能使用为看护人提供的员工协助项目，因为他们担心这会对自己不利）。A选项“利用员工援助计

34、划”，从全文来看，男性作为护理的角色一直被忽视，但其实男性护理者同样需要得到认可，因此A选项正确。B选项“在身体上和精神上做出调整”，可以做出调整，但不是解决的最佳方法，B选项可排除。C选项“为父母、孩子和工作安排好时间”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“尽可能多地融入外部世界”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him t

35、o be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.（因为他认为这会让人觉得，当他们雇佣男性时，他们希望他是百分百专注的。他也不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，从而影响了自己的表现。）。D选项“因为他担心这会让他老板的脑海里产生一种分心的印象”，他不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，因此D选项正确。A选项“因为公司没有提供这样的支持项目”，他在一家福利优厚的公司，文章所说公司不支持的项目是员工协助护理人员的项目。因此可

36、排除A选项。B选项“因为有人威胁他要冒着丢掉工作的危险”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“因为他觉得送父母去养老院很尴尬”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible（很明显，他们说他们希望自己作为照顾者的角色得到认可，

37、因为在我们的社会中，作为一个整体，男性作为照顾者的角色一直被忽视）。C选项“他们在照顾者中的作用没有得到承认”，根据文章内容，男性作为照顾者的角色经常被忽略，也就是他们得不到承认，因此C选项正确。A选项“他们缺乏专业知识和技能”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“他们觉得自己不适合做这项工作”，男性并没有觉得自己不适合做这份工作，相反还十分专注，B选项可排除。D选项“他们觉得自己所做的还不够”，他们并没有觉得自己做的不够，只是不被大众认可，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3. 翻译题(1) Science fiction can help to explain what science

38、and scientist are all about to the non-scientists. It is no accident that several hundred universities and public schools are now offering science fiction courses and discovering that these classes are a meeting ground for the scientist-engineers and the humanists. Science and fiction. Reason and em

39、otion.The essence of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe. By taking thought, men can move mountainsand have. In this sense, science is an utterly humanistic pursuit.Much of science fiction celebrates this spirit. (2) Very few science fiction stori

40、es picture humanity as a passive species, allowing the tidal forces of nature to flow freely. The heroes of science fiction storiesthe gods of the new mythologystruggle manfully against the darkness, whether its geological doom for the whole planet or the evil of grasping politicians. They may not a

41、lways win. But they always try.Perhaps, however, the most important aspect of science fictions role in the modern world is best summed up in a single word. Change.After all, science fiction is the literature of change. Each and every story preaches from the same gospel: tomorrow will be different fr

42、om today, violently different perhaps.(3) Science fiction very clearly shows that changeswhether good or badare an inherent Dart of the universe. Resistance to change is an archaic, and nowadays dangerous, habit of thought. Humanitys most fruitful course of action is to determine how to shape these

43、changes, how to influence them and produce an environment where the changes that occur are those we want.Perhaps this is the ultimate role of science fiction: to act as an interpreter of science to humanity. This is a two-edged weapon, of course. It is necessary to warn as well as evangelize. (4) Sc

44、ience can kill as well as create; technology can deaden the human spirit or lift it to the furthermost corners of our imaginations. Only knowledgeable people can wisely decide how to use science and technology for humankinds benefit. In the end, this is the ultimate role of all art: to show ourselve

45、s to ourselves, to help us to understand our own humanity.【答案】（1）科幻小说可以帮助解释科学和科学家都是关于非科学家。几百所大学和公立学校现在开设科幻课程，并发现这些课程是科学家、工程师和人文主义者的聚会场所，这并非偶然。（2）很少有科幻小说把人类描绘成一个被动的物种，任由大自然的潮汐力自由流动。科幻故事中的英雄新神话中的神勇敢地与黑暗抗争，无论是对整个地球的地质毁灭，还是贪婪的政客的邪恶。（3）科幻小说非常清楚地表明，变化不管是好是坏是宇宙固有的飞镖。抵制改变是一种过时的、在今天也是危险的思维习惯。人类最富有成效的行动方针是决定如

46、何塑造这些变化，如何影响它们，并产生一种环境，在这种环境中发生的变化是我们所希望的。（4）科学可以创造，也可以杀人；技术可以麻木人类的精神，也可以把它提升到我们想象的最遥远的角落。只有有知识的人才能明智地决定如何利用科学技术造福人类。最后，这是所有艺术的终极角色：向自己展示我们自己，帮助我们理解我们自己的人性。4. 单选题All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age t

47、hree, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never

48、 will: his is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who

49、dont complete school in her city, replied,” I can tell you their names if you want. “In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that most almost every one of them graduates high school80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achieveme

50、nt gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, wh

51、ich began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in pri

52、son or divorced.Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of schooldont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and

53、 even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times

54、 as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finla

55、nd, kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.1. What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2

56、?2. Why is it important for kids to attend a high-quality pre-school? Which of the following is NOT true?3. The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to _.4. Why does Singapore lay so much emphasis on the role of teachers?5. What does the passage main

57、ly discuss?问题1选项A.She expresses a desire to show off her good memory.B.She is willing to offer the information at any time.C.Her job requires her to remember all the students names.D.The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland.问题2选项A.Kids can learn better and more.B.Kids tend to be psyc

58、hologically healthy when they grow up.C.Kids can have a brighter future.D.When they grow up, the kids wish to earn more money.问题3选项A.receive a good and early pre-schoolingB.prolong his or her learning time in schoolC.get instruction from more excellent teachersD.get person-to-person help from the te

59、achers问题4选项A.Kids like serious teachers.B.Kids can have better chances to learn more and better.C.Good teachers can create a happy and relaxed environment.D.Kids want to keep a good relationship with teachers.问题5选项A.The importance of family economic conditions to kids success in study and life.B.The

60、 achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones.C.Some countries have achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely.D.How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，

61、可以定位到文章第二段第二句Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard.（芬兰确保每个孩子完成基础教育，并达到严格的标准）。D选项“芬兰非常重视基础教育”，根据文章内容，芬兰非常重视基础教育，未接受基础教育的孩子屈指可数，D选项正确。A选项“她想要炫耀她的好记性”， 文章并不是想要表明她的记性好，A选项可排除。B选项“她愿意随时提供信息”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“她的工作要求她记住所有学生的名字”，她的工作内容并不是要记住孩子的名字，C选项可排除

62、。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段。D选项“当他们长大了，孩子们希望赚更多的钱”，文章第三段提到the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（上过学前班的孩子收入更高，有更好的工作，入狱或离婚的可能性更小。），可推测上过学前班的孩子挣得更多，有更好的工作，但并不是他们希望能够挣到更多的钱，D选项符合题意，因此选择D。A选项“孩子们可以学得更好、更多

63、”，可以定位到文章第三段High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项可排除。B选项“孩子们长大后心理往往是健康的”，可以定位到文章第三段and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（孩子们长大后入狱的机会小），因此可推测，接受学前教育的孩子们长大后心理更健康，B

64、选项可排除。C选项“孩子们可以有一个更光明的未来”，文章第三段the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs（孩子们有更好的工作，更高的收入），因此推测，接受高质量学前教育的儿童，可能有一个更光明的未来，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一、二句These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（这些成功的故事为我们其他人提供了教训。首先，让孩子们早点上学。高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项“接受良好和早期的学前教育”，符合文章所说的内容，儿童接受早期教育越早