2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前模拟强化练习题94（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题For reasons of personal safety, the man told the police that he wished to remain（ ）.问题1选项A.anonymousB.suspiciousC.conspicuousD.rigorous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。anonymous “匿名的，无名的”；suspicious “可疑的；多疑的”；conspicuous “显著的，显而易见的”；rigorous “严格的；严密的；严酷的”。句意：考虑到人身安全，这个男人告诉警察他希望

2、能够保持匿名。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题He believes that its wrong that some people should enjoy wealth, privilege, influence and power solely（ ）an accident of birth.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.for the sake ofC.in view ofD.by virtue of【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组辨析。on the ground of “以为理由，因为”；for the sake of “为了的利益”；in view of “鉴于，考虑到

3、”；by virtue of “由于，凭借”。句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题As a young man, John was fascinated by movies. He would often see four or five films a week. His interest in them waned in his late twenties, when he began to spend a lot of time outdoors.问题1选项A.As a young manB.would often seeC.in

4、 his late twentiesD.when he began to spend a lot of time outdoorsE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】短语误用。began to spend改成began spending。表示开始一种新习惯时，应使用begin doing的形式4. 单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is not easily breakable.B.It represents the latest style.C.It came from a

5、3D printer.D.It was made by a fashion designer.问题2选项A.When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.B.When she was studying at a fashion design school.C.When she had just graduated from her college.D.When she attended a conference in New York.问题3选项A.It was hard and breakable.B.It was extremely ex

6、pensive.C.It was difficult to print.D.It was hard to come by.问题4选项A.It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B.It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C.It marks a breakthrough in printing material.D.It gives fashion designers room for imagination.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Recording TwoIn the pas

7、t few months, Ive been travelling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldnt find anything to wear. I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, a

8、nd I had access to 3D printers. So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer. It just printed the pieces overnight. 19 The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that Im wearing right no

9、w.20 So it wasnt the first time that I printed clothes. For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print fiv

10、e fashionable looks.I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I love experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Ch

11、inatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazinglike you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. 21 They were made from hard plastics and thats why they were very breakable. The models couldnt sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics un

12、der their arms.So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with, I mean the material you feed the printer with. 22 The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. Its strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was a

13、ble to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word “freedom” embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else. For example, your name or your sweethearts name.So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and

14、 feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.19. What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于她现在穿的裙子，说话者说了什么? 录音开头部分，说话者说到她在电脑上设计了一条裙子，并在打印机上加载了这个文件。第二天，她把所有的碎片组装在一起，就成了她现在穿的那条裙子。因此，C选项“它来自3D打印机”正确。A选项“它不容易破碎”，录音中虽然有提到breakable这个单词，但不是指说话者现在穿的裙子，而是她以前设计的裙子

15、，因此A选项排除；B选项“它代表现在最新的款式”在录音中没有提及；D选项“这条裙子是由某位时尚设计师制造的”，实际上这条裙子是说话者自己设计制造的，因此D项不正确。20. When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者什么时候开始尝试3D打印？说话者在介绍完她现在所穿裙子的来历之后，接着说到这并不是她第一次使用3D打印机打印衣服。为了完成在时尚设计学校的时装设计毕业作品，她曾尝试把家里全部的时装作品系列用3D打印机打印出来。因此B选项“在她就读时尚设计学校的时候”正确。A选项“九个月前她

16、参加时装秀时”和D选项“她在纽约参加会议的时候”，均是利用录音个别字词拼凑而成，不是录音表达的内容，因此均排除；C选项“在她刚从大学毕业时”在录音中未提及。21. What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问说话者在纽约时装公司设计的材料有什么问题？说话者提到自己曾经在暑假来到纽约唐人街的一家时装店里实习，设计了两件很棒的礼服。不过她发现有一些问题：这些由硬塑料构造的礼服非常易碎且穿着起来十分不舒服、不方便。因此，A选项“它坚硬而

17、且易碎”符合原文表述。B选项“它非常昂贵”；C选项“它很难打印出来”和D选项“它很难得到”录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。22. What does the speaker say about Filaflex?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于Filaflex，说话者说了什么？说话者认为现在主要的挑战是如何找到打印衣服的合适材料。她认为这个问题的突破点是有人向她介绍了一种新型打印材料Filaflex。C选项“它标志着打印材料的突破”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它是3D打印机的最新型号”和D选项“它留给时装设计师想象的空间”在录音中均没有信息没有提及，因此可排除；B选项“它是一种广泛应用

18、于3D打印的塑料”，虽然Filaflex是一种用于3D打印的新材料，但录音中并未提及它是否也属于塑料、是否已广为应用，因此B选项也可以排除。5. 单选题In your teens, peer-group friendships may（ ）from parents as the major influence on you.问题1选项A.take controlB.take placeC.take upD.take over【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。take over from “取而代之”。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题While its true that techniques

19、 of active listening can （ ） the value of lecture, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.问题1选项A.enhanceB.enlargeC.accessD.exaggerate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance “提高，加强，增加”；enlarge “扩大，增大”；access “使用；存取；接近”；exaggerate “夸张”。句意：积极倾听能够提高演讲的价值，但是很少有大学生在入学之初就有这样的技能。选项A符合题意。

20、7. 单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.B.It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.C.It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.D.It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.问题2选项A.Whet

21、her it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B.Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C.Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.D.Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.问题3选项A.The

22、 cash in her handbag was missing.B.The service on the train was not good.C.The restaurant car accepted cash only.D.There was no food service on the train.问题4选项A.By drawing money week by week.B.By putting money into envelopes.C.By limiting their day-to-day spending.D.By refusing to buy anything on cr

23、edit.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】Recording TwoSweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, 19 but it may soon do away with physical currencies.Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies,

24、theft, and dirty money.Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency.Andy Holderthe chief economist at The Bank of Englandsuggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless socie

25、ty really make good economic sense?“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic paymentsis this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?”20 Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does i

26、ndeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is

27、incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to needshe was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.21 During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announc

28、ement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “22 My parents, when they were younger, us

29、ed to budget by putting money into envelopestheyd get paid and theyd immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, were all on credit cards, were do

30、ing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we cant get our hands around.”19. What do we learn about Sweden?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于瑞典我们能够了解到什么？录音开头便提及，瑞典是第一个印刷并使用纸币的欧洲国家，但是它将很快摒弃实体货币。A选项中give up paper money是对原文中do away with physical currencies

31、的同义替换，因此A选项“它在不久的将来可能放弃使用纸币”正确。B选项“它是世界上第一个使用信用卡的国家”；C选项“它正在努力清除非法钱财”和D选项“它正在帮助银行提高效率”均是利用录音个别字词设置干扰，录音中并没有相关信息涉及，因此不正确。20. What did Claer Barrett want to find out with her experiment?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问Claer Barrett想从她的实验中发现什么? 录音中提及Claer Barrett为了弄清楚是否不使用实体货币就会导致钱花得更多，她决定做一个实验。D选项“是否不使用实体货币就会导致钱花得更多”

32、与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“不带任何实体货币旅行是否有可能”和C选项“不使用实体货币是否会影响日常生活”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；B选项“一个人的花费是否能够预测”，录音中虽然提及，要预测一个人需要多少现金是非常困难的，但这并不是Claer Barrett实验的目的，因此可排除。21. What did Claer Barrett find on her train ride?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问Claer Barrett在火车上发现了什么? 录音中提及，在Claer Barrett进行实验的期间，有一次，她在搭乘火车旅行的途中遇到了列车广播通知乘客餐车不接受信用

33、卡支付的事件。由此可知，餐车只接受现金支付。因此C选项正确。A选项“她手提包里的现金不见了”；B选项“火车上的服务不好”和D选项“火车上没有餐饮服务”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。22. How did people of the last generation budget their spending?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问上一代的人是如何预算他们的开支的？录音结尾提到Claer Barrett回想起自己父母（即上一代人）年轻时，常常通过将现金放进信封的方式来进行预算开支。B选项是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。A选项“通过每星期取款”；C选项“通过限制他们的日常开支”和D选

34、项“通过拒绝赊购任何东西”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。8. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his （ ） can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。paradoxes矛盾；legacies遗产；platitudes陈词滥调；analogies类比，类似。句意：当一个人死后，他的债务必须在他的遗产被分配之前得到偿还。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Questions 9 to 12 are based

35、 on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.B.They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.C.They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.D.They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.问题2选项A.They orig

36、inate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.B.They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.C.They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.D.They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.问题3选项A.They had become more poisonous.B.They were carried by the wind.C.They poisoned some

37、of the fulmars.D.They were less than on the continent.问题4选项A.The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.B.The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.C.The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.D.The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B【解析】Passage OneBirds

38、are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. Way up n

39、orth in the Canadian Arctic, 9 seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabirds, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle. 10 The fulmars trave

40、l some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food. When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.11 Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals, as the fish migrate betwe

41、en rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposits from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed that there were far more pollu

42、tants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when theyre out on the ocean.12 People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. The birds dont mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they ca

43、rry can cause major problems.9. What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于海鸟，加拿大科学家们有什么发现？录音开头提到，加拿大的科学家发现海鸟能传播污染物：在加拿大北部的北极地区，海鸟从海洋中叼走危险的化学品，并运送到其栖息地附近的池塘里。C选项“它们把海洋里污染物运送到它们筑巢的地方”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“污染导致它们濒临灭绝”录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们携带植物种子，并把种子传播到遥远的地方”这一信息虽然在录音中有所提及，但并不是加

44、拿大科学家们的发现，因此排除；D选项“在紧急情况下，它们会传递信息”，录音中说的这种鸟类是信鸽，而不是海鸟，因此不正确。10. What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于管鼻藿这种海鸟，说话人说了什么？录音提到，有一种生活在北极的海鸟，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大约有一万多对管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢。它们会飞行约400公里，穿越海洋寻找食物。D选项“它们飞行400公里寻找食物”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们起源于北极地区的德文岛”，录音只是提及管鼻藿在北极圈以北

45、的德文岛筑巢，并没有表明它们是起源于德文岛，因此不正确；B选项“它们在夏季迁徙到北极圈”和C选项“它们能在极端天气条件下生存”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。11. What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问科学家以前在北极发现的污染物是什么？录音提到，早前，科学家发现这些污染物是被风吹到北极地区的。B选项中的were carried by the wind是录音中arrivingwith the wind的同义转述。因此B选项“它们是被风吹来的”正确。A选项“它们

46、毒性越来越大”；C选项“它们毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D选项“它们没有像大陆上残留的那么多”在录音中均没有相关信息提及，因此排除。12. What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者在演讲结束时警告了什么？录音最后提到，研究人员认为，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、狩猎或捕鱼的人们需要提高警惕。这些鸟类本身不会造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质则会引起重大问题。由此可知，此处的“重大问题”应是指会对人类造成危害的问题，因此B选项“北极海鸟可能对人类造成危害”正确。A选项“气候变化对北极海鸟的影响”；C选项“北

47、极海鸟栖息地的减少”和D选项“人类对北极海鸟构成的威胁”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。10. 单选题Foreign businessmen（ ）hesitate to invest a large sum of money in a time-consuming and high-cost project if the country is under political disturbances.问题1选项A.permanentlyB.routinelyC.temporarilyD.unswervingly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。permanently “永久地；长期不变地”；r

48、outinely “例行公事地，老一套地”；temporarily “临时地”；unswervingly “坚定不移地”。句意：如果一个国家政局不稳，外商通常会犹豫是否投资耗时长、成本高的项目。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The airport police who（ ）the girl concluded that she was innocent and hadnt known about the drugs.问题1选项A.interrogatedB.shroudedC.ratifiedD.muffled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。interrogate “询问”；shroud “遮

49、蔽”；ratify “批准”；muffle “使声音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：机场警察询问了那个女孩，认为她是无辜的，她对毒品一无所知。选项A符合题意。 12. 单选题There have been demonstrations on the streets（ ）the recent terrorist attack.问题1选项A.in the wake ofB.in the course ofC.in the context ofD.in the light of【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。in the wake of “伴随而来，紧紧跟在的后面”；in the course of

50、“在过程中；在期间”；in the context of “在情况下，在背景下”；in the light of “鉴于，根据”。句意：恐怖袭击后，他们在大街上游街示众。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences.B.It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.C.It wanders for almost half

51、of their waking time.D.It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.问题2选项A.To study the relation between health and daydreaming.B.To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.C.To observe how ones mind affects ones behavior.D.To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.问题3选项A.It contribut

52、es to their creativity.B.It contributes to clear thinking.C.It helps them tap their potentials.D.It helps them make good decisions.问题4选项A.Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.B.Non-daydreamers were more focused on their tasks than daydreamers.C.The difference in performanc

53、e between the two groups was insignificant.D.Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】Passage TwoIn 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind

54、! 12 By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. 13 For one experiment, researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happi

55、ness. They found that the average persons mind wandered most frequently (about 65% of the time) during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward plea

56、sant topics than unpleasant ones.How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests

57、that daydreaming has benefits. Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and 14 it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for everyday object. A

58、fter the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, 15 the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others.12. What does the passag

59、e say about peoples mind?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是这篇文章提到的关于人的思想的信息。录音开头提到：据估计，人们几乎一半的清醒时间都在幻想（people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours），C选项“醒着的时候，几乎有一半的时间都在走神”与之表述一致，因此正确。干扰项是A选项“倾向于沉湎于他们快乐的经历”，录音中提到的是他们更倾向于谈论愉快的话题（pleasant topics），因此A选项不正确；B选项“大脑受伤后很难集中注意力”和D选项“容易受到负面情绪的影响”在录音中均未提及。13. Fo

60、r what purpose did the researchers develop the new app?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问研究人员开发这款新软件的目的是什么？录音提到，在一项实验中，研究人员开发了一款应用程序来分析幻想和幸福之间的关系（analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness），D选项“找出幸福是如何与幻想关联的”是此信息的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“健康与幻想的关系”；B选项“看看为什么幻想会影响一个人的行为”；C选项“观察一个人的思想如何影响他的行为”均不正确。14. How does dayd

61、reaming benefit people according to some researchers?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问根据一些研究者的说法，幻想是怎样使人受益的？录音中也提到了幻想的好处：研究发现，它给了我们思考目标的机会，而且似乎还能提高创造力（increase creativity），A选项中的contributes to是录音中increase的同义替换，因此A选项正确；B选项“有助于清晰思考”；C选项“帮助他们挖掘潜力”；D选项“有助于他们做出正确的决定”均不正确。15. What was the finding of the experiment with 145

62、 undergraduates?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问那个有145名本科生参加的实验发现了什么？录音最后提到，当所有参与者进行第二组任务时，“幻想者”的表现比其他人好40 % （the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others），由此可知，A选项“幻想者在做任务时的表现优于非幻想者”与之表述一致，因此正确。由上也可排除B选项“非幻想者比幻想者更专注于自己的任务”和C选项“两组之间的表现差异不明显”；而D选项“有明确目标的受试者的表现优于没有明确目标的受试者”在录音中并没有提及明确目标这一信息，因此错误。14. 单选题It is not a voice we recognize at once,Awhereas our own handwriting is something Bwhich we Calmost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we Dgo on unconsciously