2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题24（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Shortly after the boat docked, the passengers _.问题1选项A.dismountedB.disembarkedC.dispersedD.disgruntled【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. dismounted下（马、车等），卸下；取出 B. disembarked登陆；上岸C. dispersed分散；传播 D. disgruntled使不高兴，使愠怒【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由关键信息“Shortly after the boat docked（船靠

2、岸后不久）”可知，船靠岸后，乘客自然是下船上岸，所以空格处填入disembark符合句意。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】A项是指从马、自行车、摩托车等陆地工具上下来，不符合句意；C、D项不符合句意。【句意】船靠岸后不久，乘客们就下船上岸了。2. 单选题Silver _ easily and turns black if not polished regularly.问题1选项A.snookersB.stewsC.tarnishesD.douse【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. snookers阻挠 B. stews炖；焦虑C. tarnishes失去光泽，变暗淡 D. douse浇灭，熄

3、；沉浸【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由后半句的句意“银器如果不定期擦拭就会变黑”可知，银器很容易失去光泽，C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】银器很容易失去光泽，如果不定期擦拭就会变黑。3. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologi

4、sts have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female

5、brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processesthe link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpu

6、s callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there oth

7、ers? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that thes

8、e two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And

9、the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be be

10、tter than boys at “language subject” and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shall not know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship b

11、etween abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we

12、should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _ factors.3.“these differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in _.4. At the end of the passage the au

13、thor proposes more work on _.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural diff

14、erence in the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the

15、brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】

16、第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? 1. 下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up. A. 生物学家正在进行心理学家已经放弃的研究。B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other. B. 大脑的差异表明了一种性别比另一种性别更优越。C. Results

17、 of scientific research fail to support popular belief. C. 科学研究的结果无法支持大众的观点。D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known. D. 两性之间大脑结构的差异早已为人所知。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据原文第一段一二三四句“女人的思维方式与男人不同。至少，大多数人是这么认为的。心理学家认为，这要么是一件令人沮丧的事，要么是一个笑话。现在生物学家们已经进入了这个雷区（Now the biologi

18、sts have moved into this minefield），他们中的一些人已经发现，男性和女性的大脑确实存在差异。”对于男女思维方式的不同的研究，心理学家认为这件事要么令人沮丧，要么是一个笑话，说明心理学家放弃了这个研究，而后提到生物学家进入了这个雷区，意味着生物学家开始进行心理学家放弃的研究，A项“生物学家正在进行心理学家已经放弃的研究”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B项“大脑的差异表明了一种性别比另一种性别更优越”，由原文第一段最后一句“但他们匆忙指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差”可知，虽然生物学家认为男性和女性的大脑存在差异，但并不说明哪种更好或者更坏，该项属于曲解原文；C项“科学研

19、究的结果无法支持大众的观点”，由解题思路可知，生物学家研究结果和大多数人的想法是一样的，男女性之间确实存在思维差异，该项不正确，属于反向干扰；D项“两性之间大脑结构的差异早已为人所知”，根据第三段第三句“这是首次发现女性和男性大脑结构上的差异，这一定有一定的意义”可知，最初人们只知道男女思维方式不同，但是在生物学家进行实验后才得知是结构方面的差异，该项不正确，属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _ factors. 2. 根

20、据这篇文章，人们普遍认为大脑差异是由_因素造成的。A. biological A. 生物的B. psychological B. 心理的C. physical C. 身体的D. social D. 社会的【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第二句“我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异”可知，人们普遍认为大脑差异是由于社会因素造成的，因此D项“社会的”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A项“生物的”、B项“心理的”和C项“身体的”由解题思路可知，这三项曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. “these differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those

21、 in _. 3. 第5段中的“these differences”指的是_的差异。A. skills of men and women A. 男人和女人的技能B. school subjects B. 学校课程C. the brain structure of men and women C. 男女之间的大脑结构差异D. activities carried out by the brain D. 大脑进行的活动【答案】A【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第五段最后一句“如果这些差异（these differences）与半脑干线的差异相一致，那么两性之间就存在着不可改变的

22、差别”，结合前两句“但在这个基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并不那么容易。在世界各地的学校里，女孩在语言科目上往往比男孩好，而男孩在数学和物理上更擅长。”，综合理解可知，these difference指的是两性之间的技能差异，女性和男性在学科上的区别只是为第一句提供例证。因此，该题选择A项“男人和女人的技能”。【干扰项排除】B项“学校课程”由解题思路可知，该项只是举例，与题干不符，属于曲解原文；C项“男女之间的大脑结构差异”是第二段的内容，与题干无关，属于出处错位；D项“大脑进行的活动”没有提到，无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. At the end of the passage the auth

23、or proposes more work on _. 4. 在文章的最后，作者建议对_进行更多的研究。A. the brain structure as a whole A. 整个大脑结构B. the functioning of part of the brain B. 部分大脑的功能C. the distinction between the sexes C. 两性之间的差异D. the effects of the corpus callosum D. 胼胝体的作用【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一段的内容“我们还不知道学校科目和左右脑功能之间的联系，我们也不知

24、道左右脑是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但可以明确的是这种大脑之间的差异与智力有关的部分，我们接着应该努力寻找智力处理过程的差异（we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing）。”可知，在文段末尾作者提议要努力寻找智力处理过程的差异，也就是说要针对大脑的运转做更多的研究。因此，该题选择B项“部分大脑的功能”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“整个大脑结构”和C项“两性之间的差异”虽然在原文有提及，但根据解题思路可知，这两项在文章末尾并未提及，属于出处错位；D项“胼胝体的作用”，由解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释

25、义】5. What is the main purpose of the passage? 5. 这篇文章的主要目的是什么？A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure. A. 概述关于大脑结构的研究成果。B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure. B. 解释性别和大脑结构之间的联系。C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences. C. 讨论导致大脑差异的各种因素。D. To

26、suggest new areas in brain research. D. 提出大脑研究的新领域。【答案】A【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，定位首尾两段中心句，根据第一段倒数第二句“现在生物学家们已经进入了这个雷区，他们中的一些人已经发现，男性和女性的大脑确实存在差异”和最后一段最后一句“但可以明确的是这种大脑之间的差异与智力有关的部分，我们接着应该努力寻找智力处理过程的差异”，可知，本文主要讲述的是生物学家发现男女之间大脑结构存在着差异，但有关智力处理过程中的差异还有待研究；然后看到全文内容，中间四段都是阐述了关于男女差异中大脑结构的研究，所以这篇文章的目的是概述关于大脑结构的研

27、究成果。因此，该题选择A项“概述关于大脑结构的研究成果”。【干扰项排除】B项“解释性别和大脑结构之间的联系”、C项“讨论导致大脑差异的各种因素”和D项“提出大脑研究的新领域”只是部分提及，属于以偏概全。4. 单选题The plot of the film is just a _ boy-meets-girl scenario.问题1选项A.hackneyedB.curtC.wanD.triple【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. hackneyed陈腐的，平庸的 B. curt简短而失礼的C. wan苍白无力的；无血色的 D. triple三倍的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据

28、句子意思“电影的情节只是一个_男女相遇的场景”可知，四个选项中只有A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B项描述人的行为举止是唐突失礼的；C项描述人的脸色或外表是苍白的；D项也不符合句意。【句意】这部电影的情节只是一个平庸的男女相遇的场景。5. 单选题The monument was _ out of the side of a mountain.问题1选项A.perforatedB.mastermindedC.bustledD.hewn【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. perforated穿孔 B. masterminded策划，组织；操纵C. bustled四下忙碌；催促（某人向某方向） D. h

29、ewn砍；劈【答案】D【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由关键词monument（纪念碑）和the side of a mountain（山的一侧）可知，空格处表示“凿”符合句意，且hewn out of为固定搭配，表示“从凿出，开辟出”。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】这座纪念碑是从山的侧面凿出来的。6. 填空题From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can (1) very positive statements about how language originated. There is

30、 no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languages (2) show us language in a new and emerging state. It is often said, of course, that language originated (3) cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, but the necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote

31、tribes, no ancient records, (4) evidence of a language with a larger proportion of such cries than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but on other grounds, the theory is not very attractive. People (5) all races and languages make rather si

32、milar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different serves to emphasize (6) the fundamental difference (7) these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of am

33、usement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to a large extent whereas language proper does not consist (8) signs but of those that have to be learnt.【答案】1.【答案】make2.【答案】that/which3.【答案】in4.【答案】providing5.【答案】of6.【答案】on7.【答案】between8.【答案】of【解析】1.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个动词，做主语从句中的谓语动词，根据宾语st

34、atements可知，make statements about为常用搭配，表示“表明，阐述”。因此，该空格处填入make。【句意】综上所述，必须清楚的是，没有人能够断言语言的起源。2【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格后面应该为一个定语从句修饰限定前面的material（资料），因此空格处应填入一个定语从句的引导词。因此，该空格处填入that/which。【句意】在现今的任何语言或最早的古代语言记录中，都没有任何材料能够以一种新的、新兴的状态向我们展示语言。3.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由关键词originate可知，originate in为固定搭配，表示“起源于，源于

35、”。因此，该空格处填入in。【句意】当然，人们常说，语言起源于愤怒、恐惧、痛苦和快乐的哭喊。4.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，句子已经有系动词are，而空格处缺少一个动词，所以只能用非谓语动词的形式，由空格处后面的宾语evidence（证据）可知，空格处填入providing符合句意。【句意】没有任何遥远的部落，没有任何古老的记录，能证明有一种语言中这种叫喊的比例比我们在英语中发现的还要高。5.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，此处应填入一个介词连接people和all races and languages（所有种族和语言），故此处填入of，表示“所有种族和语言的

36、人”。【句意】所有种族和语言的人都发出类似的声音来反馈痛苦或快乐。6.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由关键词emphasize可知，emphasize on为固定搭配，表示“强调”。因此，该空格处填入on。【句意】法国人和马来西亚人的语言完全不同，但他们嘴上的声音却很相似，这是为了强调根本的区别。7.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】Difference后面的介词常用between或in，根据空格后的these noises and language（这些噪音和语言）可知，betweenand（在和之间）符合，因此，该空格处填入between。【句意】法国人和马来西亚人的语言是完全不同的，但他们嘴上的

37、这种声音是相似的，这就强调了这些声音与语言本身的根本区别。8.【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由关键词consist可知，consist of为固定搭配，表示“由组成，由构成”。因此，该空格处填入of。【句意】我们可以说，痛苦的叫喊或娱乐的笑声很大程度上是反射行为，在很大程度上是本能的，而恰当的语言并不由符号组成，而是由那些必须学会的符号组成。7. 单选题The Medal of National Science is A the highest B award scientific that can be C given to D any individual in the United Sta

38、tes.问题1选项A.the highestB.award scientificC.givenD.any【答案】B【解析】【考查点】形容词语序。【解题思路】award是名词，scientific是形容词，形容词应该放在名词前面，所以正确语序是scientific award（科学奖项）。该题选择B项。【句意】国家科学奖章是美国授予任何个人的最高科学奖。8. 翻译题什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都对它作出过不少的论述。幸福是一种心境、一种感觉，是心里欲望得到满足时的状态，是感到生活有巨大乐趣并自然而然地希望它持续久远的愉快心情。有些人穷其一生却找不到幸福，而有些人则时刻被幸福光环所围绕。这是因为幸

39、福的人有一颗感知幸福的心，有一双善于发现幸福的眼睛。对于这样的人，一切都显得美好。房后清风做琴，檐下雨露为弦，屋顶鸟啾如歌，天上月光当酒。幸福简单又深奥，玄妙又简洁。所以要想得到幸福就要有一种如水心态，在平淡中寻找幸福，在细微中品味幸福。幸福有时就是一个分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫过于减少分母，增加分子。【答案】What is happiness? Many people have made a lot of discussion about it at all times. Happiness is a kind of mood, a feeling, a

40、 state when desires in the heart is satisfied, or a happy mood which feels the great joy of life and hopes that it can last for a long time naturally. Some people spend their entire lives but cannot find happiness, while others are always surrounded by it. This is because happy people have a heart w

41、hich can perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes which is gWhat is happiness? Ancient and modern, many people have made a lot of discussion on it. Happiness is a mood, a feeling, a state of mind in which the desires of the heart are satisfied, a joyful mood in which one feels that life has great plea

42、sures and naturally wants them to last. Some people go through life without finding happiness, while others are surrounded by a halo of happiness. This is because happy people have a heart to perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes good at finding happiness. For these person, all is well. Behind the

43、house, wind as a lyre; under the eaves, rain and dew as a string; on the roof, birds tweet like a song; and in the sky, moonlight as wine. Happiness is simple and profound, mysterious and concise. So if you want to get happiness, you should have a mentality like water, looking for happiness in the p

44、lain, and tasting happiness in the subtle. Happiness is sometimes a fraction, desire is the denominator, while gains is the numerator. If you want more happiness, the best way is to reduce the denominator and increase the numerator.9. 单选题In the interest of national security, the federal government _

45、 carried out its psychic pet program at a secret and _ location.问题1选项A.cogentlyimmaterialB.stealthilytimorousC.covertlyclandestineD.blatantlynotorious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. cogentlyimmaterial痛切地，中肯地无形的，不重要的 B. stealthilytimorous暗地里胆怯的，胆小的C. covertlyclandestine秘密地，偷偷摸摸地私密的 D. blatantlynotorious公然地，喧闹地声名狼藉

46、的【答案】C【考查点】副词和形容词辨析。【解题思路】第二个空格处和secret为并列成分，所以推测第二个空格与secret的词义相近，选项中clandestine符合句意；从而也可以得出第一个空格处的副词表示“秘密地”。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】为了国家利益安全，联邦政府在一个秘密的地方秘密地执行了它的灵宠计划。10. 翻译题Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagi

47、nation works along with the authors or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand this.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Alth

48、ough they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions accor

49、ding to different writings at different times.【答案】阅读之所以有趣，并不是因为作者在向你讲述什么，而是由于阅读使你积极地思考。在作者的引导之下，你的想象力任意驰骋，甚至超越作者的想象。对比作者的经历，你会得出自己的结论，可能相同，也可能相悖。而你的想法会随着你的理解而发展。每一本书籍都独立存在，就像独门独户的房子，而图书馆中的书籍却像城市中的建筑。尽管它们各自独立，但却共同构成一个整体。它们之间彼此相连，而且也与其他城市相互联系。相同或者相关的想法在不同的地方出现。人类在生活中反复出现的问题在文学中也重复出现，但在不同的时代、不同的作品中解决的办

50、法各不相同。11. 单选题He thinks about nothing but playing chess. Hes completely _ to it.问题1选项A.addictedB.ascribedC.temptedD.overcome【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. addicted沉溺于，入迷，上瘾 B. ascribed归于，归咎于C. tempted引诱，吸引 D. overcome战胜，克服【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由关键信息“He thinks about nothing but playing chess（他只想着下棋）”可知，他对下棋入了迷，除了这件

51、事无心去做其他。因此，只有A选项词义最符合句意。且固定搭配“be addicted to”表示“对上瘾，沉溺于”。故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B项be ascribed to（归结于）、C项be tempted to（受诱惑做某事）和D项不符合句意。【句意】他只想着下棋。他完全上瘾了。12. 单选题Their assurances of good faith were hollow; they _ on the agreement almost at once.问题1选项A.conferredB.expiatedC.obtrudedD.reneged【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.

52、 conferred交换意见；授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利） B. expiated为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚；赎（罪）C. obtruded强行闯入；搅扰 D. reneged违背（诺言）；背信弃义【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子前半句句意“他们对诚意的保证是空洞的”可知，they _ on the agreement表达的是“他们违背了协议”，所以空格处填入D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】他们对诚意的保证是空洞的；他们几乎同时违背了协议。13. 单选题Despite A it is both the largest and B the northernmo

53、st state C in the United States, Alaska has D the smallest population.问题1选项A.it isB.the northernmostC.inD.the smallest【答案】C【解析】【答案】C【考查点】介词的用法。【解题思路】当表示地理位置关系时，in表示“在里”；of表示“属于的”，内含隶属关系。阿拉斯加属于美国的一个州，因此本题应该将C项的介词改为of。【句意】尽管阿拉斯加是美国最大的州，也是美国最北的州，但它的人口却是最少的。14. 单选题问题1选项A.fluctuationB.crisisC.diminutionD

54、.partition【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. fluctuation起伏，波动 B. crisis危机，危险期C. diminution减少，降低，缩小 D. partition划分，分隔，分开【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】oscillation在句中的意思是“波动，浮动”，A选项与划线单词最为接近，故本题正确答案为A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】因此，如果这个过程发生了，大气中二氧化碳的含量可能会长期波动。15. 单选题The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in

55、 business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, becau

56、se the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. Its the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic securityeven comfortfor essentially everyone in the developed world. With

57、 the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman dayslack of food warmth, shelterwould at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became real

58、ity in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U. S). Labor unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into to being and offered the possibilityin some

59、 cases the promiseof lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a larg

60、e scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thin

61、g simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labor-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that

62、 Social Security wont provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a persons economic fate back on the employee. Within limits