2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷16（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Grossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselv

2、es.” He says.“Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates dont bother to spell the companys name correctly. On seeing such a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detai

3、l? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest of the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details were

4、 working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont, we should drop them and move to something else”.Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely

5、is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.【答案】注重细节是每个人都可以而且应该做到的事，尤其是在就业市场紧张的情况下。人力资源专家鲍勃格罗斯利在他每天收到的求职申请中注意到了这一点。“有那么多候选人自我淘汰，真是令人吃惊。”他说。“收到的简历上布满污点。有些求职者连公司名称都懒得拼对。一旦看到这样的错误，我就会淘汰这个候选人。”“如果他们不能顾及这些细节，我们为什么要把工作托付给他们？”我们可

6、以过于注重细节吗？当然。完美主义者总是为了一件小事花费比事情本身更大的代价去完成。加州大学旧金山分校副教授查尔斯加菲尔德说：“为了不失去树中之林，我们必须不断自问，我们正在处理的细节如何与大局相适应。如果它们不适合，我们就应该放弃它们，转而做其他事情。”了解我们的目的有助于我们判断所承担的每一项任务的重要性。我们常常认为别人成功的原因是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的机遇。但成功很少是如此神秘的。我们一次又一次地看到，在力所能及的范围内将一些小事做好，大的回报就会随之而来。2. 单选题Is life today more dangerous than it used to be? It certainl

7、y seems that way. With the radiation emitted by our houses, the arsenic (砷) in the water and the toxic rays coming out of cell phones, it isnt really safe to sleep, drink or talk.Last week the entire Metro system in Washington had to close down because someone might be blown onto the tracks during a

8、 hurricane. This week children in Washington were not allowed to go to school for a whole day because streets were blocked by fallen trees and power lines, and traffic lights at some intersections werent working. A previous generation might have walked around the fallen trees and looked both ways be

9、fore crossing the street, but the children of this generation clearly live in a much more dangerous world, and we need to protect them.After Sept. 11, 2001, thousands of people swore off airplanes and began driving cars. In fact, the odds of being killed in a terrorist incident in 2002 were one in 9

10、 million. In that same year, the odds of dying in a traffic accident were about one in 7,000.By taking the precaution of not flying, many people died.There are some clear psychological explanations for some of this. Its a fact that people fear man-made disasters (terrorism) far more than they fear n

11、atural disasters (hurricanes), and they are more afraid of things they do not control, which is why driving a car does feel safer than flying in an airplane. Also, although I have no proof, Ill hazard a guess that people are disproportionately frightened by things they read about in the newspaper. B

12、y contrast, they are disproportionately willing to discount the evidence of their own experience. If you look around your neighborhood, youll notice that the water is cleanwhich it wouldnt necessarily have been 100 years agoand that the food isnt rotten or stale.Life is far safer for the average Ame

13、rican than it ever has to just about anybody at any other time in human historyand maybe that explains the ludicrous precautions that city officials and federal bureaucrats and everyone else feels obligated to take nowadays to satisfy the publics demands. Now that weve eliminated most of the things

14、that the human race once feared, weve just invented new ones to replace them.1. Children are not allowed to go to school for the following reasons EXCEPT _.2. It can be learned from the passage that the previous generation _.3. Which is the accepted psychological explanation for peoples fear as ment

15、ioned in the passage?4. It is indicated in the passage that in the past _.5The author believes that _.问题1选项A.fallen treesB.fallen power linesC.a coming hurricaneD.broken traffic lights问题2选项A.knew better how to avoid dangerB.was less fussy about dangersC.lived in a more dangerous worldD.was better at

16、 protecting themselves问题3选项A.People are more afraid of things they do not know than things they are familiar with.B.People are more afraid of dangers reported in newspapers than those they experience.C.People are more afraid of flying in an airplane than riding a train.D.People are more afraid of te

17、rrorist disasters than natural disasters.问题4选项A.life was more enjoyableB.water was less clean and freshC.foods were of better taste and qualityD.streets were safer for children to cross问题5选项A.people are overreacting to dangers nowadaysB.people have good reason to fear the dangers todayC.life is full

18、 of dangers, especially after the 9.11 attacksD.children should be better protected against dangers【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“倒下的树木”，B选项“掉落的电线”，由原文because streets were blocked by fallen trees（因为街道被倒下的树木和电线堵塞了）可知，A, B选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除A, B。D选项“交通灯坏了”，由原文and traffic lights at some

19、 intersections werent working.（一些十字路口的交通灯也不能工作。）可知，D选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除D。C选项“即将到来的飓风”，由原文可知，飓风已经发生了，所以本题选C。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句A previous generation might have walked around the fallen trees and looked both ways before crossing the street , but the children of this generation clearly live in

20、a much more dangerous world, and we need to protect them.（上一代可能会在过马路前绕着倒下的树走，左右张望，但这一代的孩子显然生活在一个更加危险的世界里，我们需要保护他们。），说明上一代人更懂得如何在面对危险时保护自己。因此D选项“在保护自己方面做得更好”正确。A选项“更知道如何避免危险”，B选项“对危险不那么挑剔”在文中没有提及，所以A, B错误。C选项“生活在一个更危险的世界里”，由原文可知，是这一代的孩子生活在更危险的世界里，所以C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句There are some clear p

21、sychological explanations for some of thisand they are more afraid of things they do not control（对此有一些明确的心理学解释人们更害怕自己无法控制的东西），说明对恐惧的公认心理学解释是人们更害怕未知的无法控制的东西。因此A选项“人们更害怕他们不知道的东西，而不是他们熟悉的东西。”正确。B选项“人们更害怕报纸上报道的危险，而不是他们所经历的。”，C选项“比起坐火车，人们更害怕坐飞机。”，D选项“比起自然灾害，人们更害怕恐怖主意灾难。”都是具体的事例，而不是心理学解释，所以B, C, D错误。4.客观细

22、节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句If you look around your neighborhood, youll notice that the water is cleanwhich it wouldnt necessarily have been 100 years agoand that the food isnt rotten or stale.（如果环顾你的社区，你会注意到水是干净的这在100年前不一定是干净的，而且食物也没有腐烂或变质。），说明过去的水质没有现在的好。因此B选项“水没有那么干净”正确。A选项“生活更令人愉快”，C选项“食物的味道和质量都更好”和原文

23、的意思相反，所以A, C错误。D选项“对孩子来说街道更安全”，由原文Life is far safer for the average American than it ever has to just about anybody at any other time in human history（普通美国人的生活比人类历史上任何时候的任何人都要安全得多），现在的生活比过去更安全，所以D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybe that explains the ludicrous precautions that city officials and federa

24、l bureaucrats and everyone else feels obligated to take nowadays to satisfy the publics demands.（也许这就解释了为什么城市官员、联邦官员和其他所有人都觉得有义务采取可笑的预防措施来满足公众的需求。），说明作者认为这些预防措施是可笑的，也就是说人们面对危险的反应过激了。因此A选项“现在的人对危险反应过激了”正确。B选项“人们有充分的理由害怕今天的危险”，C选项“生活中充满了危险，特别是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Now that weve eliminated most of the things t

25、hat the human race once feared, weve just invented new ones to replace them.（现在我们已经消除了大多数人曾经害怕的东西，我们只是发明了新的东西来取代它们。）可知，现在的生活中没有那么多危险，所以B, C错误。D选项“儿童应该得到更好的保护，以避免危险的发生”不符合题意，所以D错误。3. 单选题I prefer his plan to yours, _ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in whic

26、hD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。in that是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于for the reason that, because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that fo

27、llowed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a Western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a lest tube and forgot about it. A quarter-century lat

28、er, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the myster

29、y of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of samples

30、DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade, to the early 1950s or even the 1940s.Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwo

31、rk of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man. A close look at the genetic mutations in the Leopoldville sample strongly suggests that all it look to launch the AIDS epidemic was one unlucky turn of events.By comparing the DNA of the 1959 virus with that of samples take

32、n from the 1980s and 1990s, Ho and his colleagues constructed a viral family tree in which the Leopoldville isolate sits right at the juncture where three subtypes branch out. The 39-year-old specimen is also strikingly similar to the other seven subtypes. The clear implication: all the viral strain

33、s can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events. One theory is that AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area and spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to

34、 its surroundings, making it devilishly difficult to develop effective vaccines. No one knows how many more subtypes of HIV will sprout in the next 40 years, but chances are that they will be every bit as lethal as the ones we see today, if not more so.1. What does the phrase “Belgian Congo” mean?2.

35、 According to this article, HIV in human body originated from _.3. Are the ten subtypes of the AIDS virus variation of one?4. Which of the following statements is true?5. Which of the following is the best topic for this passage?问题1选项A.Belgium was a colony of Congo.B.Congo was a colony of Belgium.C.

36、Belgian Congo was an African state.D.Belgium and Congo were two separate countries.问题2选项A.animalsB.plantsC.foodD.not mentioned in the article问题3选项A.Yes.B.No.C.Scientists are not sure about it at present.D.It is not mentioned in the article.问题4选项A.All the viral strains can be traced back to a single

37、event.B.HIV cannot easily adapt to its surroundings.C.AIDS started through contact with inflected monkeys in a remote area.D.AIDS started through urbanization and mass inoculations.问题5选项A.How to Protect Yourself from AIDS?B.Where Does HIV Come From?C.Classification of HIV.D.When Did AIDS Begin?【答案】第

38、1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Belgian Congo”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo.（地点：非洲中部城市利奥波德维尔，现称金沙萨，就在比属刚果解放后暴力叛乱浪潮爆发前不久。），比属刚果是比利时对刚果殖民统治

39、时期对刚果的称呼，说明“Belgian Congo”是指“比利时的殖民地刚果”。因此B选项“刚果是比利时的一个殖民地”正确。A选项“比利时是刚果的一个殖民地”，C选项“比属刚果是一个非洲国家”，D选项“比利时和刚果是两个独立的国家”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus m

40、ade the leap from animals to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature.（根据上周发表在自然杂志上的一份报告，利奥波德维尔样本是迄今为止分离出来的最古老的艾滋病病毒样本，现在可能有助于解开该病毒是如何以及何时从动物传染给人类的谜团。），说明人体内的HIV来源于动物。因此A选项“动物”正确。B选项“植物”，C选项“食物”，D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Over the past 15 years, scien

41、tists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man.（在过去的15年里，科学家们已经确认了至少10种艾滋病病毒的亚型。但是他们不能确定他们看到的是一种可变病毒的变异，还是几种不同病毒从

42、灵长类动物传染给人类的结果。），说明科学家还不能确定艾滋病病毒的十种亚型是一种的变异。因此C选项“科学家们目前还不能确定”正确。A选项“是”，B选项“不是”，D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以A, B, D错误。4.客观细节题。A选项“所有的病毒菌株都可以追溯到一个单一事件”，由原文The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events.（显而易见的是：所有的病毒毒株都可以追溯到一个单一事件或一组密切相关的

43、事件。）可知，病毒毒株不只可以追溯到单一时间，还有密切相关的一组事件，所以A错误。B选项“艾滋病病毒不容易适应其周围环境”，由原文The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings（这些发现强调了艾滋病毒适应环境的速度有多快）可知，艾滋病病毒很容易适应周围环境，所以B错误。D选项“艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种开始的”，由原文spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.（通过城市化和大规模接种

44、传播到其他人群。）可知，艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种传播，而不是由其开始，所以D错误。C选项“艾滋病是通过与偏远地区的受感染的猴子接触开始的”，由原文AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area（艾滋病起源于与偏远地区受感染的猴子的接触）可知，艾滋病是通过与偏远地区受感染的猴子接触开始的，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先描述了利奥波德维尔的一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血，25年后艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。接着进一步强调并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单，之后介绍了

45、该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒并对其进行研究的重要意义。因此B选项“艾滋病病毒从何而来”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“如何保护自己远离艾滋病”，C选项“艾滋病病毒的分类”在文中没有提及，所以A, C错误。D选项“艾滋病是什么时候开始的”只是文章的某一部分，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。5. 单选题It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deterior

46、ates (变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent (犯法的) and sexually precocious (早熟). Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are larg

47、ely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children fro

48、m starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the

49、premises (大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer Hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal (肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial

50、. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.1. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on _.2. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. The writer concludes that

51、school rules to forbid smoking _.5. The authors attitude towards his writing is _.问题1选项A.the effect of smoking among childrenB.the difficulty in preventing children from smokingC.the reasons why children start smoking among childrenD.the measures to ban smoking among children问题2选项A.Disobedience.B.La

52、ziness.C.Lack of intelligence.D.Vanity.问题3选项A.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity.B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.C.In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should not smoke.D.It is not as difficult to prevent chil

53、dren from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking.问题4选项A.should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studiedB.should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbanceC.should be introduced though it may not work effectivelyD.neednt be introduced as long as teache

54、rs dont smoke in front of children问题5选项A.objectiveB.emotionalC.criticalD.indifferent【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了吸烟儿童的特点，接着介绍了导致儿童吸烟的因素，最后指出防止儿童吸烟非常困难，需要各界做出许多努力，结合全文可知文章的重点应该是放在防止儿童吸烟的困难上的。因此B选项“防止儿童吸烟的困难”正确。A选项“儿童吸烟的影响”，C选项“儿童开始吸烟的原因”，D选项“禁止儿童吸烟的措施”均不是文章的重点，需要A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由

55、题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious（与不吸烟的人相比，他们更叛逆），说明吸烟的儿童更叛逆，更不听话。因此A选项“不听话”正确。B选项“懒惰”，C选项“缺少智慧”，D选项“虚荣”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“有些孩子开始吸烟是出于好奇心”，B选项“许多孩子开始吸烟是因为他们想显得成熟”，由原文They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, ant

56、icipation of adulthood（这些因素包括是否有香烟、好奇心、叛逆、显得强硬、对成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想显得成熟属于儿童吸烟的原因，A, B选项表述正确，排除A, B。C选项“为了让更少的儿童吸烟，父母、教师和卫生保健人员不应该吸烟”，由原文The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance.（权威人士，特别是父母、卫生保健工作者和教师树立的榜样至关重要。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项

57、“防止儿童开始吸烟并不像劝阻成人吸烟那样困难”，由原文It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult.（防止儿童开始吸烟应该比说服成年人戒掉吸烟的习惯要容易得多，但事实证明这是非常困难的。）可知，防止儿童开始吸烟比劝阻成年人吸烟更困难，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到

58、文章第三段第三、四句School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summer Hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools.（校规应该禁止儿童在校内吸烟。这条

59、规定已被引入夏山学校，在那里我推行了我的规定，甚至在那些试图通过体罚来强制禁止吸烟的学校，吸烟的人数也和其他学校一样多。），说明禁止吸烟的校规可能作用不大，但作者还是坚持引入这条规定。因此C选项“应该引入，尽管它可能不会有效地发挥作用”正确。A选项“应该实行，因为这在他曾经就读的学校里确实有效”，B选项“不应该实行，因为它可能会引起骚乱”，D选项“只要教师不在孩子面前吸烟，就不需要引入”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，文章客观分析了吸烟儿童的特点、原因，和为了防止儿童吸烟可以采取的措施，整篇文章的态度是客观的，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。因此A选项“客

60、观的”正确。B选项“感性的”，C选项“批判的”，D选项“无动于衷的”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。6. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocenc

61、e, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wasnt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen VictoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For

62、the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered

63、from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role. Even though shes never had an experience like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of h

64、er contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school years because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were