考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考前自测提分卷94(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.不定项选择题Remember the concept of “sisterhood”? That quaint relic of an idea that women owed it to other women to crash through ceilings and navigate a male world? It just might be taking new root in a most unexpected placeamong women wit

2、h money. There are more women controlling more wealth in the U.S. than ever before. And unlike the women who preceded themold-school patrons who gave to the museum and the symphony and their dead husbands alma matersthese givers are more likely to use their wealth deliberately and systematically to

3、aid women in need.To appreciate the magnitude of this change, go back 150 years or so to the womens struggle for the right to vote, or the suffrage movement. Back to the time when one of its leaders, Matilda Joslyn Gage, lamented: “We have yet to hear of a woman of wealth who has left anything for h

4、elping her sex get the vote. Almost every daily paper heralds the fact of some large bequest to colleges, churches and charities by rich women, but it is well-known that they never remember the woman suffrage movement that underlies in importance all others.”Today, globally, more than 145 funds, wit

5、h assets of nearly half a billion dollars, exist to improve the lives of women and girls. Many focus their efforts domestically; about a third work internationally. Not one existed in 1972 when the Ms. Foundation, the first national fund for and by women, was established. Collectively they now form

6、the Womens Funding Network and have plans to increase their joint coffers by another billion dollars by 2018, in concert with a drive called Women Moving Millions, which aims to encourage individuals, mostly women, to donate $ 1 million or more.Women Moving Millions began with the literal sisterhood

7、 of Helen LaKelly Hunt and Swanee Hunt. Daughters of the legendary oilman H. L. Hunt, they were raised “like Southern belles,” Helen saystaught that money was something a woman “shouldnt worry her pretty little head about.” As adults they discovered the power of philanthropy, and about three years a

8、go Swanee called Helen with an offer. “She said she was going to leave me a lot of money in her will,” Helen says, “but I might die first and ruin the surprise, so why doesnt she give it to me now?” Swanees $ 6 million, and $ 4 million more from Helen, became the initial pledges to the campaign.60.

9、In the past, women needed “sisterhood” to _.61. The big change in the US mentioned in the passage is that _.62. According to Matilda Joslyn Gage, the rich women failed to _.63. Paragraph 3 mainly tells about _.64. Women Moving Millions is _.65. What can we learn about Helen and Swanee?问题1选项A.be more

10、 competitive in a male worldB.help free each other from home burdensC.become as wealthy as the majority malesD.make a living in the male-dominated world问题2选项A.more rich women are aiding their poorer sistersB.more rich women are stopping donating money to schoolsC.more females have won the right to v

11、ote in national electionsD.more females have contributed money to museums and symphonies问题3选项A.think about the well-being of their unfortunate sistersB.make investments in any exclusive womens projectsC.realize what was crucial in helping those needy womenD.recognize that political rights are more v

12、ital than their families问题4选项A.the individual females efforts for raising their own statusB.the future plans of the Womens Funding NetworkC.the organized groups systematic supports to womenD.the funds used for improving the lives of women问题5选项A.a rich womens societyB.a pro-women foundationC.a funds-

13、raising campaignD.a womens funding network问题6选项A.They made a large fortune from the campaign.B.They kept their promise to donate $ 10 million.C.They helped Women Moving Millions get going.D.They left each other millions of dollars in the will.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:C【解析】60. 【选项释义】In the pa

14、st, women needed “sisterhood” to _. 在过去，女性需要“姐妹情谊”来_。A. be more competitive in a male world A. 在男性的世界里更有竞争力B. help free each other from home burdens B. 互相帮助，把对方从家庭负担中解放出来C. become as wealthy as the majority males C. 成为和大多数男性一样富有的人D. make a living in the male-dominated world D. 在男性主导的世界中谋生【考查点】推理判断题。

15、【解题思路】根据题干关键词sisterhood可以定位到文章第1段第1、2句“还记得姐妹情谊（sisterhood）这个概念吗？是那种古老的观念遗留下来的，认为女人有责任帮助其他女人冲破天花板（crash through ceilings），在男人的世界里遨游（navigate a male world）？”，说明在过去，“姐妹情谊”能够帮助女性冲破男性主导的限制，在男性的世界里发挥自身的竞争力。因此A选项“在男性的世界里更有竞争力”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“互相帮助，把对方从家庭负担中解放出来”，文章中没有提到家庭负担，属于无中生有；C选项“成为和大多数男性一样富有的人”，由文章第1段第3

16、句“它可能会在一个最意想不到的地方生根在有钱的女性（women with money）中间。”可知，这些女性已经很有钱了，属于反向干扰；D选项“在男性主导的世界中谋生”，文章中说的是帮助在男性的世界里更有竞争力，而不仅仅是谋生这么基础的程度，属于曲解原文。61. 【选项释义】The big change in the US mentioned in the passage is that _. 这段话中提到的美国的巨大变化是_。A. more rich women are aiding their poorer sisters A. 更多的富有女性正在帮助她们较穷的姐妹B. more rich

17、 women are stopping donating money to schools B. 更多的富有女性停止向学校捐款C. more females have won the right to vote in national elections C. 更多的女性在国家选举中赢得了投票权D. more females have contributed money to museums and symphonies D. 更多的女性向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词big change可以定位到文章第1段最后1句“与之前向博物馆、交响乐团和已故丈夫的母

18、校捐款的老派赞助人女性不同（unlike the women who preceded them），这些捐款者更有可能有意识地、系统地使用自己的财富来帮助有需要的女性（to aid women in need）。”，说明和以前不同的是，现在的美国有更多的富有女性来帮助贫困的女性。因此A选项“更多的富有女性正在帮助她们较穷的姐妹”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“更多的富有女性停止向学校捐款”，文章只是说现在的富有女性比起向学校捐款更有可能帮助贫困的女性，没有说她们从此就不再向学校捐款，属于推理过度；C选项“更多的女性在国家选举中赢得了投票权”，文章中没有提及女性赢得了投票权，属于无中生有；D选项“更

19、多的女性向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱”，文章中说的是比起向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱，富有女性更有可能去帮助贫困女性，属于反向干扰。62. 【选项释义】According to Matilda Joslyn Gage, the rich women failed to _. 根据玛蒂尔达乔斯林盖奇的说法，富有女性们未能_。A. think about the well-being of their unfortunate sisters A. 考虑到她们不幸的姐妹们的幸福B. make investments in any exclusive womens projects B. 对任何专属女性的项目进行

20、投资C. realize what was crucial in helping those needy women C. 意识到在帮助这些有需要的女性方面什么是关键的D. recognize that political rights are more vital than their families D. 认识到政治权利比她们的家庭更重要【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Matilda Joslyn Gage可以定位到文章第2段第2句“回顾过去，该运动的一位领导人玛蒂尔达乔斯林盖奇曾哀叹道：我们还没有听说过哪个富有女性为了帮助女性获得选举权（get the vote）而留下

21、任何东西。”，同时第3句说到“她们从不记得女性投票权运动，而这一运动是所有其他运动的重要基础（underlies in importance all others）。”，说明女性投票权才是帮助女性最重要、最关键的方面，但过去的富有女性没有对此提供帮助。因此C选项“意识到在帮助这些有需要的女性方面什么是关键的”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“考虑到她们不幸的姐妹们的幸福”，B选项“对任何专属女性的项目进行投资”和D选项“认识到政治权利比她们的家庭更重要”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。63. 【选项释义】Paragraph 3 mainly tells about _. 第3段主要讲述了_。A.

22、the individual females efforts for raising their own status A. 女性个人为提高自己的地位所做的努力B. the future plans of the Womens Funding Network B. 女性资金网络的未来计划C. the organized groups systematic supports to women C. 有组织的团体对女性的系统支持D. the funds used for improving the lives of women D. 用于改善女性生活的资金【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据题干

23、关键词Paragraph 3可以定位到文章第3段，本段第1句说到“今天，在全球范围内，有超过145个基金，资产近5亿美元，致力于改善女性和女孩的生活（to improve the lives of women and girls）。”，说明这些资金的目的是为了改善女性的生活，接着举了“女性资金网络（Womens Funding Network）”和“百万女性运动（Women Moving Millions）”的例子来说明做出的努力，这些组织和运动本质上都是为了提供资金来改善女性的生活。因此D选项“用于改善女性生活的资金”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“女性个人为提高自己的地位所做的努力”，本段介绍

24、的是社会组织和运动的努力，而非个人的，属于张冠李戴；B选项“女性资金网络的未来计划”只是列举的一个例子，不能全面概括本段的内容，属于以偏概全；C选项“有组织的团体对女性的系统支持”，本段中只说到了对女性的资金支持，没有提及系统的支持，属于无中生有。64. 【选项释义】Women Moving Millions is _. 百万女性运动是_。A. a rich womens society A. 一个富有的女性协会B. a pro-women foundation B. 一个支持女性的基金会C. a funds-raising campaign C. 一个筹款活动D. a womens fund

25、ing network D. 一个女性的筹款网络【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Women Moving Millions可以定位到文章第3段最后1句“与一项名为百万女性运动的运动合作，该运动旨在鼓励个人（主要是女性）捐赠100万美元或更多。”，说明百万女性运动是一个鼓励富有女性捐款的筹款运动。因此C选项“一个筹款活动”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个富有的女性协会”，百万女性运动是一个运动而不是协会，属于无中生有；B选项“一个支持女性的基金会”，百万女性运动是一个运动而不是基金会，属于无中生有；D选项“一个女性的筹款网络”介绍的是“女性资金网络（Womens Funding

26、Network）”，属于张冠李戴。65. 【选项释义】What can we learn about Helen and Swanee? 关于海伦和斯旺尼，我们可以了解到什么？A. They made a large fortune from the campaign. A. 她们从运动中发了一大笔财。B. They kept their promise to donate $ 10 million. B. 她们信守承诺，捐出了1000万美元。C. They helped Women Moving Millions get going. C. 她们帮助百万女性运动开始运作。D. They le

27、ft each other millions of dollars in the will. D. 她们在遗嘱中给对方留下了数百万美元。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Helen and Swanee可以定位到文章第4段第1句“百万女性运动始于海伦莱克莉亨特和斯旺尼亨特的姐妹情谊。”，同时最后1句说到“斯旺尼的600万美元和海伦的400万美元成为了运动的最初承诺。”，由此可知百万女性运动是由她们两人所开始的。因此C选项“她们帮助百万女性运动开始运作。”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“她们从运动中发了一大笔财。”，她们的富有是因为她们是石油大亨的女儿，而不是从运动中获得的财富，属于偷

28、换概念；B选项“她们信守承诺，捐出了1000万美元。”，文章说的是她们的1000万美元是运动的最初承诺，没有提及是否已经捐出，属于推理过度；D选项“她们在遗嘱中给对方留下了数百万美元。”，文章中说的是斯旺尼本来打算给海伦留下一大笔遗产，但她们决定将这笔钱用于百万女性运动，属于曲解原文。2.单选题Were in the middle of an epic battle for power in cyberspace. On one side are the traditional, organized, institutional powers such as governments and l

29、arge multinational corporations. On the other are the distributed: grassroots movements, dissident groups, hackers, and criminals. Initially，the Internet empowered the latter. It gave them a place to coordinate and communicate efficiently, and made them seem invincible. But now, the more traditional

30、 institutional powers are winning, and winning big. How these two sides fare in the long term, and the fate of the rest of us who dont fall into either group, is an open questionand one vitally important to the future of the Internet.In the Internets early days, there was a lot of talk about its “na

31、tural laws” 一how it would transform traditional power blocks, empower the masses, and spread freedom throughout the world. The international nature of the Internet circumvented national laws. Anonymity was easy. Censorship was impossible. Police were clueless about cybercrime. And bigger changes see

32、med inevitable. Digital cash would undermine national sovereignty. Citizen journalism would topple traditional media, corporate PR, and political parties. The ease of digital copying would destroy the traditional movie and music industries. Web marketing would allow even the smallest companies to co

33、mpete against corporate giants. It really would be a new world order.This was a utopian vision, but some of it did come to pass. Internet marketing has transformed commerce. The entertainment industries have been transformed by things like MySpace and YouTube, and are now more open to outsiders. Mas

34、s media has changed dramatically, and some of the most influential people in the media have come from the blogging world. There are new ways to organize politically and run elections. Facebook and Twitter really did help disrupt governments.But that is just one side of the Internets disruptive chara

35、cter. The Internet has emboldened traditional power as well.On the corporate side, power is being consolidated, a result of two current trends in computing. First, the rise of cloud computing means that we no longer have control of our data. And second, we are increasingly accessing our data using d

36、evices that we have much less control over： iPhones, iPads, Android phones, Kindles, ChromeBooks. Unlike traditional operating systems, these devices are controlled much more tightly by the vendors, who limit what software can be run, what they can do, how theyre updated.1.In the Internet battle, th

37、e grassroots movement （ ）.2.According to the author，in the future a key Internet issue will be（ ）.3.“Natural laws” refers to（ ）.4.Lack of surveillance over the Internet would likely（ ）.5.Online media has（ ）.6.We now have less control over the data we use because（ ）.问题1选项A.experienced an epic failure

38、B.gradually became invincibleC.previously beat institutional forcesD.distributed power to dissident groups问题2选项A.which side has the technological resourcesB.what happens to those who remain neutralC.which side is good at communicationsD.what financial resources are available问题3选项A.the fast expansion

39、 of InternetB.the traditional power structureC.national laws to regulate the InternetD.lack of control on the Internet问题4选项A.strengthen national securityB.devastate the traditional film industryC.provide more information to the policeD.handicap the development of small companies问题5选项A.made the utopi

40、an vision impossibleB.won more support for the governmentC.made some ordinary people become famousD.excluded outsiders from the entertainment industries问题6选项A.cloud computing is highly confusingB.there is no limit to updating softwareC.corporate giants are in a dominant positionD.it is difficult to

41、assess data in electronic devices【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 “Internet battle” “grassroots movement”，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “.the Internet empowered the latter. It gave them a place to coordinate and communicate efficiently, and made them seem invincible.（互联网赋予了后者力量。这给了他们一个有效协调和沟

42、通的地方，让他们看起来不可战胜。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “and the fate of the rest of us who dont fall into either group, is an open questionand one vitally important to the future of the Internet（而我们这些不属于这两类人的其他人的命运，是一个公开的问题，对互联网的未来至关重要）”即可得出本题答案。3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“Natural laws”，可将信息点定位在原文第

43、二段。根据 “Anonymity was easy. Censorship was impossible. Police were clueless about cybercrime.（匿名很容易。审查制度是不可能的。警方对网络犯罪一无所知）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据 “digital copying would destroy the traditional movie and music industries（数字复制将摧毁传统的电影和音乐产业）”即可得出本题答案。5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第

44、三段。根据 “Mass media has changed dramatically, and some of the most influential people in the media have come from the blogging world.（大众媒体发生了巨大的变化，媒体中一些最有影响力的人来自博客世界。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据 “.we are increasingly accessing our data using devices that we have much less contr

45、ol over. these devices are controlled much more tightly by the vendors.（我们越来越多地使用我们无法控制的设备来访问我们的数据。供应商对这些设备的控制要严格得多。）”,即可得出本题答案。3.不定项选择题There are few habits as infuriating as someone making us wait. But, despite what may be running through your mind as youre kept waiting again, its unlikely your fri

46、ends and colleagues are just being selfish. A look into the psychology of lateness offers a glimpse into a mind that may be malfunctioning. But theres also more than one fix.Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negativeeven if misguided.“It is easy to perceive them as disorganised, cha

47、otic, rude and lacking in consideration for others,” says Harriet Mellotte, a cognitive behavioural therapist and a clinical psychologist in training in London. “Outside of my clinical practice, others being late is something that can particularly get under my skin!”But, many late people are at leas

48、t somewhat organised and want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. The punctually-challenged are often excruciatingly aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations, careers and finances.“While there are those who get a charge out of keeping others w

49、aiting, if youre typical, you dislike being late,” Diana DeLonzor writes in her book Never Be Late Again. “Yet tardiness remains your nemesis.”Some excuses, particularly for acute lateness, are fairly universally acceptedan accident or illness, for example. But others arent so easy to swallow. Some

50、late people will pass it off as a symptom of being big-thinking and concerned with loftier matters than time-keeping, as an endearing quirk, a mark of doing ones best work under pressure, or having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark.Joanna, a teacher in London who didnt want her surnam

51、e used, says her reputation for being unpunctual can sometimes be attributed to a difference in opinion. “A friend will ask me to come over, and theyll say come any time from seven,” she says. “But if I do turn up at eight or later, theyre annoyed.”Being consistently late might not be your fault. It

52、 could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking, experts say. Personality differences could also dictate how we experience the passing of time.48. The word “infuriating” in

53、Paragraph 1 most probably means _.49. Which one of the following is NOT true about unpunctual people?50. According to Harriet Mellotte, unpunctual people who are not his patients _.51. According to Diana DeLonzor, unpunctual people _.52. Which of the following excuses for being late is LESS acceptab

54、le?53. What does the author think of consistent unpunctuality?问题1选项A.annoyingB.excitingC.surprisingD.terrifying问题2选项A.They are selfish.B.They are undesirable.C.They are unfriendly.D.They suffer from some mental illness.问题3选项A.make him understand them betterB.irritate him very muchC.offer him a diffe

55、rent perspective about latenessD.are likely to be successful in their careers问题4选项A.feel ashamed of being lateB.find it hard to change their habit of being lateC.may get pleasure by keeping others waitD.do not expect others to be punctual问题5选项A.Doing work more efficiently under pressure.B.Claiming o

56、neself to be a morning person.C.Explaining that he/she eats slowly.D.Having an accident.问题6选项A.It is understandable.B.It is time wasting.C.It damages friendship.D.It deserves our sympathy.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A【解析】48. 【选项释义】The word “infuriating” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _. 第1段

57、中的“infuriating”一词很可能是指_。A. annoying A. 烦人的B. exciting B. 激动的C. surprising C. 令人惊讶的D. terrifying D. 可怕的【考查点】词汇推断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词infuriating可以定位到文章第1段第1句“很少有比有人让我们等待更infuriating的习惯了。”，第2句又说“你的朋友和同事不太可能只是因为自私（selfish）”，由此可知别人迟到，让我们一直等待，通常会让我们觉得别人很自私，说明这是一种令人恼火的习惯。因此A选项“烦人的”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“激动的”和C选项“令人惊讶的”没

58、有文章中体现的消极意义，属于反向干扰；D选项“可怕的”程度过深，属于推理过度。49. 【选项释义】Which one of the following is NOT true about unpunctual people? 关于不守时的人，以下哪一项不是真的？A. They are selfish. A. 他们是自私的。B. They are undesirable. B. 他们是不受欢迎的。C. They are unfriendly. C. 他们是不友好的。D. They suffer from some mental illness. D. 他们患有某种精神疾病。【考查点】事实细节题。

59、【解题思路】根据题干关键词unpunctual people可以定位到文章第2段“对不守时的人（unpunctual people）的看法几乎总是负面的（negative）”，说明不守时的人在别人心目中都是负面的形象，但文章中没有提到他们患有精神疾病。因此D选项“他们患有某种精神疾病。”不符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们是自私的。”，由文章第1段第2句“你的朋友和同事不太可能只是因为自私（selfish）”可知，人们普遍认为不守时的人是自私的，符合原文，排除A，属于反向干扰；B选项“他们是不受欢迎的。”，不守时的人在文章中的形容词“无组织、混乱、粗鲁、不为他人着想”都是贬义的，说明他们不受

60、人欢迎，符合原文，排除B，属于反向干扰；C选项“他们是不友好的。”，由文章中“粗鲁（rude）、不为他人着想（lacking in consideration）”可知，人们认为不守时的人待人不友好，符合原文，排除C，属于反向干扰。50. 【选项释义】According to Harriet Mellotte, unpunctual people who are not his patients _. 根据哈里特梅洛特的说法，不守时的人如果不是他的病人，会_。A. make him understand them better A. 使他更了解他们B. irritate him very muc

61、h B. 让他非常恼火C. offer him a different perspective about lateness C. 为他提供一个关于迟到的不同观点D. are likely to be successful in their careers D. 有可能在事业上获得成功【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Harriet Mellotte可以定位到文章第3段第3句“在我的临床工作之外（Outside），别人迟到会让我特别生气（get under my skin）”，说明哈里特梅洛特认为那些除了他病人之外的不守时的人，会让他非常生气。因此B选项“让他非常恼火”正确。【干

62、扰项排除】A选项“使他更了解他们”，C选项“为他提供一个关于迟到的不同观点”和D选项“有可能在事业上获得成功”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。51. 【选项释义】According to Diana DeLonzor, unpunctual people _. 根据戴安娜德隆佐的说法，不守时的人_。A. feel ashamed of being late A. 为迟到而感到羞耻B. find it hard to change their habit of being late B. 发现很难改变他们迟到的习惯C. may get pleasure by keeping others wait C. 可能通过让别人等待而获得快乐D. do not expect others to be punctual D. 不期望别人守时【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Diana DeLonzor可以定位到文章第5段第1、2句“戴安娜德隆佐在她的书永不迟到中写道：虽然有些人从让别人等待中得到好处，但如果你是典型的这种人，你不会喜欢迟到。然而，迟到