2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷86（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） fabrics usually dont wrinkle as much as cotton.问题1选项A.SymbolicB.SympatheticC.SyntheticD.Systematic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项symbolic“象征的；符号的”；B选项sympathetic“同情的；和谐的”；C选项synthetic“综合的；合成的，人造的”；D选项systematic“系统的；体系的”。句意：合成纤维织物通常没有棉织物那么容易起皱。由空格后的关键词“fabrics纤维织物”可

2、知“合成的”符合句意，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Theres always intense media coverage of airplane crashes and that can really play into peoples fears and skew their perceptions of how safe it is to fly. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.misconceiveB.distortC.changeD.preoccupy【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项misconceive“误解，误会”；B选项dist

3、ort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C选项change“改变”；D选项preoccupy“（使）全神贯注；提前占据”。句意：媒体总是对飞机失事进行密集报道，这真的会加剧人们的恐惧， 他们对飞行安全的认知。根据句意和常识可以推断，当媒体大量报道某事时，往往会误导、曲解人们对该事件的客观认识，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journ

4、al. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking kn

5、owledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it, is making access to scientific results a reality. The

6、Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome

7、 profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the cor

8、e scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each y

9、ear in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for a

10、ccess to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or int

11、ernational laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this co

12、uld change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.31. In the first paragraph, the author discusses（ ）32. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?33. According to the text, online publication is significant in that （ ）34. With the open-access

13、 publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）35. Which of the following best summarizes the text?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the traditional process of journal p

14、ublication.问题2选项A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It benefits scientific research considerably.问题3选项A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific re

15、searchers.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问

16、题5选项A.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B.A new mode of publication is emerging.C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D.Publication is rendered easier by online service.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本段没有明显的主题句，因此需要根据句子所陈述的意思概括出该段落的主旨大意。结合各句的含义可知，第一段主要

17、是描述了过去学术期刊的出版过程及特点，因此D选项“期刊出版的传统过程”正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits（澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经济合作与发展组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的这份报告让那些迄今已获得可观利润的出版商们读

18、起来费劲）可推断出，出版商们“读起来费劲”显然不是因为读不懂，而是因为这个报告触及了他们的利益，因此C选项“这让盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正确。33.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句中的The internet and pressure from funding agencies . is making access to scientific results a reality（互联网和来自资助机构的压力正在使获取科学结果成为现实），以及第三段第一句The value of knowledge and the return on the public investmen

19、t in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access（知识的价值和对公共研究投资的回报，在某种程度上取决于广泛的分配和方便的获取）可以推断出，知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时获取，而互联网使得科学成果的容易获取变成现实，因此互联网在线出版的重大意义在于“它使人们更容易获得科学成果”，A选项正确。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or

20、his employer) to pay for the paper to be published（一种是开放获取出版，通常要求作者或其雇主为论文的出版付费）可知，A选项“支付出版的费用”正确。35.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文从客观的角度，介绍了新的出版方式（由此可知B选项“出现了一种新的出版模式”正确），并没有表露作者的观点，也没有从传统的出版社的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁，因此可以分别排除C选项、A选项；D选项“在线服务使发布变得更容易”本文并未提及，因此排除D选项。4. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage int

21、o Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. How can history make men wise? History often repeats itself as farce precisely what may soon play out in Washington. AS World War II was drawing to a close. Experts from the worlds leading countries gathered at Bretton Woods, New Hampsh

22、ire, to create a global economic order. They established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and called for a new body to supervise global commerce that eventually become known as the International Trade Organization. When it became time for the United States Congress to approve the I

23、TO, President Harry Truman, preoccupied with a plan for the United States health-care reform, failed to lobby vigorously for the ITO. Protectionists torpedoed the proposal, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT, the loose trade organization that has governed world commerce since th

24、en, was cobbled together as an interim replacement. Now it is for the Clinton Administration to approve the WTO. Should history repeat itself that could all come to naught. The supreme purpose of history is a better world.【答案】历史怎么能使人明智呢？历史常常以闹剧的形式重演而华盛顿可能很快就会上演这样的一幕。当第二次世界大战接近尾声时。来自世界主要国家的专家齐聚新罕布什尔州

25、的布雷顿森林，以建立一个全球经济秩序。他们建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织，并呼吁成立一个新的机构来监督全球贸易，这个机构最终被称为国际贸易组织。当美国国会批准国际贸易组织的时候，哈里杜鲁门总统全神贯注于美国的医疗改革计划，未能积极游说国际贸易组织。贸易保护主义者破坏了这一提议，关税及贸易总协定（简称GATT）自那以后管理世界贸易的松散贸易组织被拼凑起来作为临时替代品。现在是克林顿政府批准世界贸易组织（简称WTO）的时候了。如果历史重演，一切都将化为乌有。历史的最大的使命是使世界更加美好。5. 单选题John will（ ）if the firm needs an IT engineer be

26、cause he can encode programs for the firm.问题1选项A.come into his ownB.come into beingC.keep to himselfD.hold the stage【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come into ones own“得到重视；得到自己该得的东西；受到尊敬；被承认”；B选项come into being“形成；产生”；C选项keep to oneself“保守秘密；不交际”；D选项hold the stage“继续上演，引人注目；没完没了地讲话；卖座不衰”。根据句意可推测，约翰会编程，因此当公司需要信息技

27、术工程师的时候，他就会被公司赏识，因此A选项正确。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技术工程师，约翰会得到重视，因为他可以为公司编写程序。6. 单选题Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smart phones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient d

28、ata, drug information and case studies.But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a p

29、rocedure.This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.” In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding

30、medical students to focus on patients instead of devices.“You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,” said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center.“My gut fee

31、ling is lives are in danger,” said Dr. Papadakos. “Were not educating people about the problem, and its getting worse.”A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said

32、they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, “Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous.”Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger one

33、s, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that patient care must be “data driven,” and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by provi

34、ding instant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers great potential in health care,” but he added that doctors first priority should be with the patient.31. Why do hospitals equip their staff with comput

35、ers, smartphones and other devices?32. What does the author refer to by “distracted doctoring”?33. What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?34. Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modern devices?35. What is Peter Carmels advice to doctors?问题1选项A.To facilitate administration.B.To cope wit

36、h emergencies.C.To reduce medical error.D.To simplify medical procedures.问题2选项A.The disservice done by modern devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.B.The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.C.The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of mode

37、rn devices.D.The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.问题3选项A.Medical students are not adequately trained to use modern technology.B.Doctors are relying too heavily on modern electronic technology.C.Doctors interaction with their devices may endanger patients lives.

38、D.Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.问题4选项A.Patients trust doctors who use modern technology.B.Use of modern devices adds to hospitals revenues.C.Patients data has to be revised from time to time.D.Data is given too much importance in patient care.问题5选项A.They focus their att

39、ention on the patients condition.B.They follow closely the advances in medical science.C.They observe hospital rules and regulations.D.They make the best use of modern devices.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】31. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章中第一段“Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested

40、heavily to put computers, smart phones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies.为了遏制医疗失误，医院投入巨资将电脑、智能手机和其他设备交给医务人员，以便即时获取患者数据、药品信息和案例研究。”可知C项“减少医疗事故。”正确。A项“方便行政管理。”；B项“应付紧急情况。”；C项“减少医疗事故。”；D项“简化医疗程序。”，因此C选项正确。32. 【试题答案】B【

41、试题解析】例证题。按题干定位词“distracted doctoring”定位在第三段。而distracted doctoring所描述的是第三段首句的“this phenomenon”，讲的是第二段中所例证的phenomenon，所以答案往上一段找。第二段首句举例说明了随之而来的“side effect”“doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient”“admitted texting during a procedure”，可见作者通过说“distracted doctoring”是想说明device

42、s的“side effect”，即B选项。33. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章中的第六段“A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, Such d

43、istractions have the potential to be disastrous.一项对439名医疗技术人员的调查发现，55%监控心脏搭桥机的技术人员承认，他们在心脏手术期间用手机通话。一半的人说他们在手术时发过短信。该研究总结道： 这种干扰有可能带来灾难性的后果。”可知C项“医生与设备的互动可能会危及患者的生命。”正确。A项“医学生在使用现代技术方面没有得到充分的训练。”；B项“医生们过于依赖现代电子技术。”；C项“医生与设备的互动可能会危及患者的生命。”；D项“医学专业的压力可能变得势不可挡。”，因此C选项正确。34. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】因果题。题干信息问的是“why

44、”原因，因此要确定找到定位点附近的因果词，判断孰因孰果选出答案。根据题干“increasing pressure”定位在文章第七段最后一行最后一句“especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.”根据金三句原则定位句本身以及前句和后句，找到第八段首句“The pressure stems from”“这种压力源于”即答案在这个后面。“The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that pati

45、ent care must be data driven, and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information.”因此D选项正确。35. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的最后一句“but he added that doctors first priority should be with the patient.但他补充说，医生的首要任务应该是照顾患者。”可知A项“他们把注意力集中在病人的病情上。”正确。A项“他们把注意力集中在病人的病情上。”；B项“他们密切关注医学科学的进展。”；C项“

46、他们遵守医院的规章制度。”；D项“他们充分利用现代设备。”，因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Just over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman ho

47、lds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, w

48、omen arent allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000 women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of womens progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, lo

49、oking at five areas that affect womens lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 facto

50、rs to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores fo

51、r political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is

52、 hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than h

53、alf its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply cant be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons cant account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary C

54、linton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “There is a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economi

55、c lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.21. What does the author think about womens progress so far?22. In what countr

56、ies have women made the greatest progress?23. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?24. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nations top office?25. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?问题1选项A.It still leaves much to be desired.B.

57、It is too remarkable to be measured.C.It has greatly changed womens fate.D.It is achieved through hard struggle.问题2选项A.Where women hold key posts in government.B.Where womens rights are protected by law.C.Where womens participation in management is high.D.Where women enjoy better education and healt

58、h care.问题3选项A.They care lite about political participation.B.They are generally treated as equals by men.C.They have a surprisingly low social status.D.They are underrepresented in politics.问题4选项A.It does not necessarily raise womens political awareness.B.It does not guarantee a better life for the

59、nations women.C.It enhances womens status.D.It boosts womens confidence.问题5选项A.Give women more political power.B.Stimulate womens creativity.C.Allow women access to education.D.Tap womens economic potential.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“womens progress”可定位到第一段的第一句话“Ju

60、st over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields”（21世纪刚刚过去10年，女性在各个领域都取得了进步），然后第一段紧接着介绍了女性取得了哪些进步。再根据第二段第一句话“But hold the applause”（但是别急着鼓掌）可知第二段又讲述了在某些国家女性的状况没有那么好。所以可以推测本题女性虽然取得了进步，但是还不够，即A选项“还有需要进步的地方”；B、C、D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。22、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断

61、推理题。由题干“countries have women made the greatest progress”可定位到第四段第一句话“Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化)”（得分最高的国家往往集中在西方，那里性别歧视是违法的以及宪法保护男女平等权利），所以B选项“妇女权利受到法律保护”说法正确。

62、女性担任国家最高职务不完全意味着总体上女性的生活会更好，所以可以排除A、C选项；D选项不符合题意。因此B选项正确。23、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“Newsweek rankings”定位到第三段的第二句话“Newsweek ranked 165 countries”。根据上下文都是讲的排名情况，再由第四段“Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power”可知是对前文的举例说明，即“Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for polit

63、ical representation”（其他一些排名靠前的国家在政治代表方面的得分相对较低），也就是表明加拿大的女性在政治代表方面的得分较低，因此D选项“她们在政治上的代表不足”符合题意。A、B、C选项与加拿大的情况无关，所以排除。因此D选项正确。24、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到本文的第四段。根据上下文可知，引用Anne-Marie Goetz的话是为了说明前面的内容，即第四段倒数第二句话“Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for w

64、omen in general? Not exactly”（这是否意味着，女性担任国家最高职务就意味着总体上女性的生活会更好？不完全是。）因此B选项“它不能保证这个国家的妇女过上更好的生活”说法正确。其余选项在原文中无相关表述。因此B选项正确。25、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“Hillary Clinton”定位到第六段第二句话，紧接着第三句话为她的观点即“When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world, she sa