2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题62（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He gave an（） view of the state of affairs in Ireland.问题1选项A.impartialB.impactC.improveD.insanity【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项impartial“公平的，公正的”；B选项impact “ 影响；效果”；C选项improve“改善，增进”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱”。句意：他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。空格处需要填一个形容词修饰名词view，因此A项正确。2. 单选题The light is too

2、（） for me to read. I cannot stand any more.问题1选项A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rid“得到解脱的”；B选项ripe“ 熟的，成熟的”；C选项soup“使振作;打扮”；D选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”；。句意：光线太昏暗我没法看书。我再也受不了了。根据后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合题意。3. 单选题I just learnt from Intercultural Education course that an Englishman seldom （） a conversation am

3、ong strangers.问题1选项A.breaks downB.gives rise toC.initiatesD.resumes【答案】C【解析】考查动词和词组。A选项break down表示“分解，发生故障”，B选项give rise to表示“使发生，引起”，C选项initiates表示“启动，开始”，D选项resume表示“重新开始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我刚从“跨文化教育”课程中了解到，英国人很少与陌生人对话。空缺处单词需与conversation 构成动宾短语，表示“发起会话”，因此只有initiate最符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题The poli

4、ce have offered a large（）for information leading to robbers arrest.问题1选项A.rewardB.awardC.compensationD.prize【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reward意为“酬谢，奖赏”，尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢；award尤指因表现出色或成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖状”；compensation尤指因损失而给予的“补偿（赔偿）物，补偿（赔偿）金”；prize尤指在比赛、竞赛中获得的“奖品，奖赏”。句意：警局提供了丰厚的奖赏来奖励那些为抓住罪犯提供线索的人。

5、5. 单选题I was not surprised at all hearing him shouting at the meeting, the outburst was （）of his bad temper.问题1选项A.expositoryB.explanatoryC.illustrativeD.revealing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expository“说明的；解释的；评注的”；B选项explanatory“解释的；说明的”；C选项illustrative“说明的；作例证的；解说的”；D选项revealing“透露真情的；有启迪作用的；坦胸露肩的”。句意：听到他在

6、会上大喊大叫，我一点也不惊讶，他的爆发他的坏脾气。此处在于指出他大喊大叫与他的坏脾气之间的关系。A选项过于正式，B选项用来说明原因，而大喊大叫与坏脾气之间是“表现与被表现”的例证关系，因此C选项正确。6. 单选题The Olympic Games were telecast （）all over the world.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.separatelyC.simultaneouslyD.especially【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便；偶然地；附带地”；B选项separately“分别地；分离地”；C选项simultaneous

7、ly“同时地”；D选项especially“特别；尤其；格外”。句意：全世界都在转播奥运会。转播奥运会，说明是同时发生的动作，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Mary and John are busy looking for a hotel for their wedding （）.问题1选项A.mealB.banquetC.refreshmentD.snack【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Meal “一顿饭”；B选项banquet “宴会，盛宴”；C选项refreshment “饮料，小食”；D选项snack “点心，小吃”。 句意：玛丽和约翰正忙着为他们的婚宴找一家酒店。根据“wed

8、ding”可知这里应该选用一个比较正式的词，故选B项，表示“婚宴”。8. 单选题Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chi

9、cken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, its remarkable that our first line of defense is still what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production. New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and

10、 may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Although experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious

11、flaws.Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strainstwo influenza A strains and one B strainfor manufacturers to include in vaccines

12、. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment.Why has this egg method persis

13、ted for six decades? The main reason is that its reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means its hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be

14、 too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine.Whats more, some flu strains dont grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufact

15、urers simply couldnt find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,” recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccine - and, consequently, a more severe flu season.”

16、Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. Thats because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans

17、. Since humans havent encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circulating in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example, worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed themalthough the bug never circulated amo

18、ng humans. But when scientists tried to make vaccine the old-fashioned way, the bird flu quickly killed the eggs.1. The moon-landing is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate（）.2. What step is essential to the traditional production of flu vaccine?3. The foremost reason why the egg-based met

19、hod is defective lies in（）.4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?5. In the authors view, the new vaccine production method seems to be（）.问题1选项A.technology cannot solve all of our human problemsB.progress in vaccine research for influenza has lagged behindC.great achievements hav

20、e been made by men in exploring the unknownD.the development of vaccine production methods 6an not be stopped问题2选项A.Manufacturers implant the vaccine into ordered chicken eggs.B.Scientists identify the exact strain soon after a flu pandemic starts.C.Public health measures are taken as an important p

21、andemic-fighting tool.D.Viruses are deadened and made clean before being put into vaccine use.问题3选项A.the complex process of vaccine productionB.its potential threat to human beingC.the low survival rate for new flu vaccinesD.its contribution to the flu vaccine shortage问题4选项A.Flu vaccines now mainly

22、use egg-based technology.B.A bird influenza has once circulated among humansC.Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.D.Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.问题5选项A.remarkableB.criticizedC.efficientD.accepted【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.作者意图题。由题干关

23、键词the moon landing定位到文章第一段第一句“Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome”，现代技术已经把人类送上了月球，并破译了人类基因组。紧接着第二句出现了转折词but，说到涉及培养流感病毒生产疫苗时，科学家们居然还在使用可使用鸡蛋。全文的主要讲述的是“鸡蛋培育流感疫苗的方法”，因此此处提到“the moon landing”只是以某方面的发达科技为下文论述做铺垫，因此B选项“流感疫苗研究进展滞后”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段介绍了本题说到的the traditio

24、nal production of flu vaccine传统的流感疫苗生产过程。A选项“制造商将疫苗植入订购的鸡蛋中”错在是“automated machines inject virus”而不是制造商；B选项“科学家在流感大流行开始后不久就确定了确切的毒株”在文中未提及确定毒株的速度；C选项“公共卫生措施是抗击疫情的重要手段”也未在本文提及；D选项“在投入疫苗使用之前，病毒被杀死并净化”对应第二段最后一句“Virus from the eggs innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contam

25、inants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment”，病毒从鸡蛋的内脏被杀死和处理，以去除鸡蛋蛋白质和其他污染物，然后包装成小瓶秋季装运。因此D选项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Whats more, some flu strains dont grow well in eggs.（更重要的是，有些流感病毒在鸡蛋里生长不好）。C选项“新流感疫苗的低存活率”，文中说流感病毒在鸡蛋中生长得不好，由此可推断，流感疫苗的存活率低。A选项“疫苗生产的复杂过程”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“它对人类的潜在威胁”，不符合

26、题意，可排除。D选项“它导致了流感疫苗的短缺”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。A选项“流感疫苗现在主要使用基于鸡蛋的技术”对应文章第一段中作者对于现在依然使用鸡蛋生产流感疫苗感到不可思议，同时D选项“现代疫苗生产方法正在取代以鸡蛋为基础的方法”可由此排除；B选项“禽流感曾经在人类中传播”在文中最后一段倒数第二句中有“although the bug never circulated among humans”说明这种禽流感并未在人类中传播过，可排除；C选项“细胞培养疫苗可以大大提高安全性”，文中未提到新方法的安全性，因此排除C。5.观点态度题。此处问的是作者对于新疫苗培育

27、方法的态度。第一段最后提到，新的细胞生产技术已经投入使用，并且可能最终得到支持。因此可推断出作者认为这个方法是有可能被接受的。D选项accepted正确。9. 单选题Students with（）problems may apply for student loans.问题1选项A.economicB.financialC.naboberyD.economical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic “经济上的”。B选项financial “财政的”。C选项nabobery “财主常去的地方”。D选项 economical“节约的，合算的”。句意：有财务问题的学生可以申请学

28、生贷款。 因此B选项符合题意 。10. 单选题As a commander, you should not（）the soldiers to unnecessary danger.问题1选项A.expressB.explodeC.exploitD.expose【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express “表达，快递”。B选项explode “爆炸，爆发”。C选项exploit “开发， 开拓”。D选项expose “揭露，暴露”。句意：作为一名指挥官，你不应该让士兵们去冒不必要的危险。本句表示“士兵暴露在危险中”，即让士兵去冒险。因此D选项符合题。11. 单选题The young p

29、eople made a new（）to the governor.问题1选项A.proposalB.submergeC.tendencyD.thread【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proposal “提议，建议”。B选项submerge “淹没”。C选项. tendency “倾向，趋势”。D选项thread “线，螺纹”。句意：年轻人向领导提出了一项新建议。因此A选项符合题意。12. 单选题（）it or not, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.问题1选项A.Bel

30、ieveB.BelievingC.To believeD.Believed【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。believe it or not 其实是口语里常用的句子，其实是个省略的句子，完整表达为 (Whether you) believe it or not。A选项正确。13. 单选题There is a great（） in strength between the two teams.问题1选项A.disparityB.deficiencyC.disparagementD.disrelation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disparity“不同；不一致”；B选项deficie

31、ncy“缺陷，缺点”；C选项disparagement“轻蔑；轻视”；D选项disrelation“不相干；没有相应的联系。句意：两队力量悬殊。四个选项中，只有A项符合句意。14. 翻译题A Mess on the Ladder of Success1.Throughout American history, there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their for

32、tune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outwards: getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies, drain the wetlands and build new cities.By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the US had

33、a mild panic attack.2. what would this energetic, enterprising country be without new lands to conquer? Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc.), but eventually, in industrialization, the US found a new narrative of economic mobility at home.

34、From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comfor

35、ts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an old persons migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants.For the last 20 years from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade, the US has been ca

36、sting about for its next economic narrative. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the workforce but particularly for its youngest members.The US has always been a remarkable mobile country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate that mobility has re

37、ached its lowest level in recorded history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages, but many young people who dont own homes and dont yet have families are staying put; too. This suggests, among other things, that people arent packing up for new economic opportuniti

38、es the way they used to. Rather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes: the mobile and immobile.Part of the problem is that countrys largest industries are in decline. In the past, it was perfectly clear wher

39、e young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s) and , more or less, what theyd be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars, selling oil). 3. And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskill

40、ed laborer to manager or engineer. Today; the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small (though some promise future growth) and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along t

41、he southern z-85 corridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities.4. You dont need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, to get a job in one of the micro hubs, by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B.A. in com

42、puter science or a year or two at a technical school. This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power.Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomy headlines. If you have

43、no specialized skills, theres little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a colleg

44、e degree.Until now, a B.A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical works without a bachelors degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no

45、 longer a guarantor of a good job. 5. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the s

46、kills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not.【答案】1. 纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。2. 如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样?有些人，比如泰迪罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。3. 而且这些行业的规模足够大

47、，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。4. 顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。5. 他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范

48、围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。15. 单选题Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emoti

49、onal intelligence, and how they can be developed.1.Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neur

50、ologist Antonio Dam as io calls “gut feeling”. Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skins will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety; even though the people say they do not feel fe

51、ar. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his ir

52、ritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake off a bad mood.2.Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice li

53、fe and build character. The key is balance.We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with

54、that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I ca

55、nt let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effectiv

56、e technique is “reframing”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.Going off alone to cool dow

57、n is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you cant think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive a finding that inspired her to dive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, dont waste th

58、e time pursuing your train of anger thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against

59、bad moods.1.What are gut feeling?2.According to the author, the importance of knowing ones gut feeling is that（）.3.The word “spice”（Para.6）is closet in meaning to（）.4.On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we（）.5.The essence of “reframing” is（）.问题1选项A.They are feeling one is born with.B.T

60、hey are feelings one may be unaware of.C.They are feelings of fear and anxiety.D.They are feelings felt by sensible people.问题2选项A.one can develop themB.one can call others attention to themC.one may get rid of themD.one may control them问题3选项A.add interest toB.lengthenC.make dullD.bring into existenc

61、e问题4选项A.can control the occurrence of moodB.are often unaware of what mood we are inC.can determine the duration of moodD.lack strategies for controlling moods问题5选项A.to forget the unpleasant situationB.to adopt a positive attitudeC.to protect oneself properlyD.to avoid road accident【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题

62、:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“gut feeling”可定位到原文第三段的内容“Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. 直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文第五段的内容“情感自我意识是下一个基本情商的基石：能够摆脱坏情绪”，也就是说，了解一个人的直觉最重要的是能够摆脱它们。所以选项C符合原文。3.词义题。根据所给词定位到原文中的内容“Bad as well as good moods spice lif

63、e and build character.”这里的spice是做动词，并且和build的意思相接近。spice做动词，其本意是“加香料于；使增添趣味”，选项A与之意思最为相近，所以正确。4.判断推理题。根据第七段的一二句“We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last.当我们被情绪所左右时，我们往往无法控制自己。但我们可以知道这种情绪会持续多久。”由此可知，我们可以决定情绪持续的时间，所以选项C符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“reframing”定位到原文倒数第三段的内容“A more effective technique is reframing, which means consciously reinter