考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考前自测提分卷8(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a/an（21）for a number of institutions and social contac

2、ts. In this way, it fulfils a variety of functions in human life.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the（22）of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.（23）by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly identify th

3、emselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the prevalence of violence in the media and its（24）harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media（25）, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they cont

4、inue to gain popularity, these media, along with television,（26）public concern and research attention.Another large societal concern on our young generation（27）by the media, is body image.（28）forces can influence body image positively or negatively. For one, societal and cultural norms and mass medi

5、a marketing impact our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of（29）beauty fill magazines and newspapers, beam from our televisions and entertain us at the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media play on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adult

6、s are presented with a（30）defined standard of attractiveness, an ideal that carries unrealistic physical expectations.问题1选项A.alternativeB.preferenceC.substituteD.representative问题2选项A.riskB.mercyC.heightD.expense问题3选项A.AbsorbedB.AttractedC.ArousedD.Addicted问题4选项A.disposedB.seemingC.implicitD.potentia

7、l问题5选项A.mergedB.emergedC.immergedD.submerged问题6选项A.promoteB.propelC.promptD.prosper问题7选项A.inspiredB.imposedC.deliveredD.contributed问题8选项A.ExternalB.ExteriorC.ExplicitD.Exposed问题9选项A.generalizedB.regularizeC.standardizedD.categorized问题10选项A.barelyB.carefullyC.narrowlyD.subjectively【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B

8、第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:C【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一，可供替代的选择”；B选项 preference与介词for搭配时意为“对的偏爱，爱好”；C选项substitute“替代品，代替品”，常与介词for连用；D选项representative“代表，典型”，一般指人。句意：大众传媒作为一些机构和社会关系的（ ），影响着我们年轻人的生活。根据句意可知空格处应填最能体现大众传媒和一些机构之间的关系的名词，因此C选项正确。22.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项“at the

9、risk of （冒的危险）”；B选项“at the mercy of （受支配）”；C选项“at the height（在的最盛时，在的高潮中）”；D选项“at the expense of （以为代价）”。句意：花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为（ ）的：用于游戏、娱乐和休息的时间更少了。根据句意可知后半句是前半句的补充说明，所以D选项更符合句意，意为“花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为代价的”，因此D选项正确。23.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项absorb常与介词in搭配，表示“注意力集中于，被吸引”；B选项attract常和介词by搭配，意为“被吸引，对感兴趣”；C选

10、项arouse“使行动起来，激发”；D选项addict常与介词to搭配动词，意为“使入迷，使成瘾”。句意：孩子们被屏幕上发生的事情（ ），不仅模仿他们所看到的，而且直接把自己和不同的人物联系起来。空格处是过去分词结构作状语，因此填入的分词要和后面的介词by搭配，而且要符合上下文意。因此B选项正确。24.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项disposed“有倾向的；打算做的”；B选项seeming“表面上的，看似的”；C选项implicit“（语言上）含蓄的，暗示的”；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，指将来可能形成的。句意：美国人关注媒体中暴力的流行及其对儿童和青少年的

11、（ ）危害至少有40年了。由上下文中的“concern about（关注）”和“for at least forty years（至少40年了）”可知，人们担忧的是一种潜在的危害。因此D选项正确。25.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项merge“结合，融合”；B选项emerge“出现，显现，浮现”；C选项immerge“浸入，隐没”；D选项submerge“淹没，完全掩盖”。句意：这一时期，电子游戏、有线电视、音乐视频、互联网等新媒体不断（ ）。media的修饰词是new，因此空格处应当表达“出现”的含义，因此B选项正确。26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项pro

12、mote“促进，推动”；B选项propel“推进，促使”；C选项prompt“促使，导致，激起”；D选项prosper“（使）繁荣，昌盛”。句意：随着它们的不断普及，这些媒体和电视一起，引起了公众的关注和研究的注意。因此C选项正确。27.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspired“ 激发，鼓舞”；B选项imposed“迫使，把强加于”；C选项delivered“递送，发表，履行诺言，移交”；D选项contributed“有助于，促成”。句意：媒体对我们年轻一代施加的另一个社会关注是身体形象。因此B选项正确。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项externa

13、l“ 外界的，外来的，指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容”；B选项exterior“外部的，外表的，外面的，强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分”；C选项explicit“清楚明白的，直截了当的”；D选项exposed“遮蔽的，无保护的（常用来修饰地方或人）”。句意：外部力量可以正面或负面地影响身体形象。因此A选项正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generalized“广义的，普遍的，无显著特点的”；B选项regularized“使有规律的，使正规化”；C选项standardized“标准的，标准化的”；D选项categorized“分类的”。句意

14、：在大众媒体中，标准的美女形象充斥着杂志和报纸，从电视中出现，在电影中为我们带来欢乐。因此C选项正确。30.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项barely“仅仅，勉强，几乎不”；B选项carefully“小心地”；C选项narrowly“狭隘地，狭窄的，勉强地”；D选项subjectively“主观地，臆想地”。句意：年轻人面对的是一个狭隘的吸引力标准，一个带有不切实际的生理期望的理想。因此C选项正确。2.单选题Terry Wolfisch Cole may seem like an ordinary 40-year-old mom, but her neighbors know

15、the truth: Shes one of the “Pod People.” At the supermarket she wanders the aisles in a self-contained bubble, thanks to her iPod digital music player. Through those little white ear buds, Wolfisch Cole listens to a playlist mixed by her favorite disc presenterherself.At home, when the kids are tuck

16、ed away, Wolfisch Cole often escapes to another solo media podbut in this one, shes transmitting instead of just receiving. On her computer web log, or “blog”, she types an online journal chronicling daily news of her life, then shares it all with the Web.Wolfisch Colewho also gets her daily news cu

17、stomized off the Internet and whose digital video recorder (DVR) scans through the television wasteland to find and record shows that suit her tastesis part of a new breed of people who are filtering, shaping and even creating media for themselves. They are increasingly turning their backs on the es

18、tablished system of mass media that has provided news and entertainment for the past half-century. Theyve joined the exploding “iMedia” revolution, putting the power of media in the hands of ordinary people.The tools of the movement consist of a bubbling stew of new technologies that include iPods,

19、blogs, podcasts, DVRs, customized online newspapers, and satellite radio.Devotees of iMedia run the gamut (范围)from the 89-year-old New York grandmother, known as Bubby, who has taken up blogging to share her worldly advice, to 11-year-old Dylan Verdi of Texas, who has started broadcasting her own ho

20、memade TV show or “vlog”, for video web log. In between are countless iMedia enthusiasts like Rogier van Bakel, 44, of Maine, who blogs at night, reads a Webcustomized news page in the morning, travels with his fully loaded iPod and comes home to watch whatever the DVR has chosen for him.“If the old

21、 media model was broadcasting, this new phenomenon might be called ego-casting,” says Christine Rosen, a fellow with the Ethics and Public Policy Center. “The term fits,” she says, “because the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is to get exactly what you want, when and where you want it.”Rosen

22、and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtle shift of media control away from broadcasters and into the hands of the average couch potato. It enabled viewers to vote with their thumbs-making it easier to abandon dull progra

23、ms and avoid commercials. With the proliferation (激增)of cable TV channels in the late 1980s followed by the mid-1990s arrival of the Internet, controlling media input wasnt just a luxury. “Control has become a necessity,” says Bill Rose, “Without it, theres no way to sort through all the options tha

24、t are becoming available.”36. Who is Terry Wolfisch Cole probably according to the passage?（ ）37. Which of the following is the characteristic of the new breed of people according to the passage?（ ）38. What can be learned about the devotees of iMedia from the passage?（ ）39. According to the passage,

25、 Christine Rosen calls the iMedia revolution ego-casting because（ ）.40. Why was the invention of the TV remote important according to the passage?（ ）问题1选项A.A middle-aged housewife.B.A saleswoman in the supermarket.C.A disc presenter.D.An online news writer.问题2选项A.They provide news and entertainment

26、for the public.B.They have started the iMedia revolution.C.They have helped ordinary people control media.D.They choose what to listen to or watch by themselves.问题3选项A.They are either very old or very young.B.They consist of people of all ages.C.They are located in New York, Texas and Maine.D.They s

27、hare the same interests.问题4选项A.people show themselves in the mediaB.people get their needs for media metC.people can watch whatever they likeD.it is the invention of an individual问题5选项A.Because it enabled ordinary people to control media to some extent.B.Because it made more cable TV channels availa

28、ble to people.C.Because it led to the invention of Internet in the 1990s.D.Because it made life easier for couch potatoes.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】36.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干纵观全文，从文章可以看出Terry Wolfisch Cole只是一个善于利用网络分享自己日常生活和利用网络便利自己日常生活的普通家庭主妇。本题可用排除法解答，A选项“一个中年家庭主妇”符合题意；B选项“超市售货员”文中没有提到，所以排除

29、；C选项“唱片主持人”，根据第一段的内容可知此段最后一句中提到的disc presenter只是一个比喻，而并不是她的真实身份，所以排除C选项；D选项“在线新闻作家”，真正的在线新闻作家并不会只写自己的生活日常。因此A选项正确。37. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句“Wolfisch Coleis part of a new breed of people who are filtering, shaping and even creating media for themselves.（Wolfisch Cole是一群为自己过滤、塑造甚至创造媒体的新群体中的

30、一员。）”。A选项“他们为公众提供新闻和娱乐”与事实不符，这些新群体并不是为公众提供新闻和娱乐，而是制定符合他们自己口味的新闻；B选项“他们开启了媒体革命”，不正确，根据文章，媒体革命源于电视遥控器的发明；C选项“他们帮助普通人控制媒体”文中没有提到；D选项“他们自己选择听或看什么”符合题意，因此D选项正确。38. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第五段，该段落分别选择了老、中、青三个年龄阶段的典型人物来说明iMedia的拥护者包括了从老年到少年各个年龄阶段的人。A选项“他们要么很老，要么很年轻”说法错误，忽略了来自缅甸的44岁的Rogier Van Bakel这种中年

31、人。B选项“他们由各个年龄层的人组成”符合段意；C选项“他们位于纽约，德克萨斯和缅因州”说法太绝对，文中只是拿来自这几个地方的人举例子，并不代表全部；D选项“他们有共同的兴趣”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。39. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第二句：“The term fits”, she says, “because the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is to get exactly what you want, when and where you want it.”（她表示：“这个词很合适，因为现在的

32、趋势都是关于我-我-媒体其理念是在你想要的时间和地点得到你想要的东西。”）。A选项“人们在媒体上展示自己”与段意不符；B选项“人们通过媒体满足了自己需求”符合段意；C选项“人们可以看他们喜欢的任何节目”和D选项“它是一种个人的发明”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。40. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意可定位到文章最后一段的第一句“Rosen and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtl

33、e shift of media control away from broadcasters and into the hands of the average couch potato（Rosen等人将iMedia革命的开端追溯到电视遥控器的发明，这标志着媒体控制从广播公司转移到普通电视迷手中的第一次微妙转变。）”，由此可推断出电视遥控器的出现使人们或多或少地拥有了媒体的掌控权。A选项“因为它在一定程度上使普通人能够控制媒体”符合段意；B选项“因为它为人们提供了更多的有线电视频道”，互联网是有线电视频道变多的原因；C选项“因为它导致了20世纪90年代互联网的发明”，遥控器并不是互联网发明的

34、原因；D选项“因为它使电视迷的生活更容易了”说法太片面，便利了电视迷的生活并不是遥控器重要的意义所在，因此A选项正确。3.翻译题当前，国际形势正在发生深刻而复杂的变化。和平、发展、合作是当今时代的主旋律。世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势深入发展，科技进步日新月异，区域合作方兴未艾，各国相互依存不断加深，这些都为世界各国带来了难得的发展机遇。同时，全球发展不均衡，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，影响世界和平与发展的不稳定不确定因素增多，广大发展中国家实现可持续发展面临着严峻挑战。中国是最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，中国和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。没有中国

35、和非洲的和平与发展，就没有世界的和平与发展。【答案】【参考译文】At present, the international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. Peace, development and cooperation are the themes of the present era. The trend of world multi-polarization and economic globalization is developing further, the progress in science an

36、d technology is changing with each passing day, the regional cooperation is making robust progress, and the interdependence between each nation goes further. All these have created rare development opportunities for the international community. At the same time, imbalance in global development, wide

37、ning gap between North and South, the combination of traditional and non-traditional security threats as well as increasing factors of instability and uncertainty standing in the way of peace and development all pose a daunting challenge to developing countries in their pursuit of sustainable develo

38、pment.China is the largest developing country in the world, and Africa is home to the largest number of developing countries in the world. Our combined population accounts for over a third of the world total population. Without peace and development in China and Africa, there will be no global peace

39、 and development.4.翻译题中国的电影行业已经步入了一个新阶段，始于七年前的行业结构改革使国内票房以年均3%的惊人速度达到一个新的增长水平，这在世界上也是不多见的。更多的优秀电影展现给了公众，这自然会吸引越来越多的观众走进电影院，也会激发投资商对该行业投资的热情，这的确是个良性循环。中央政府已经采取了新政策，帮助刺激国内市场的发展。随着国内与国际市场密切关系的建立，国产影片在海外的影响和竞争力一定会越来越大。中国也已经承诺，将按照WTO协议进一步开放娱乐市场。当前，中国的电影制作人主要是自筹资金，但是新的筹资渠道正在出现。随着中国金融体制的完善，越来越多的电影电视公司依靠金融机

40、构筹集资金，同时以票房收入、版权转让以及演员的个人声望做保障。【答案】【参考译文】Chinas film industry has entered a new stage. The structure reform of film industry starting from seven years ago has increased the domestic box office astonishingly in an average annual speed of 3% to a new level of growth, and this is also rare in the world

41、.An increasing number of good movies will naturally attract more and more audiences into cinema and also stimulate the investors enthusiasm for investing in this industry, which is indeed a positive circle. The central government has adopted a new policy to stimulate the development of the domestic

42、market. With the establishment of a close relationship between the domestic and international market, the influence and competitiveness of domestic films in overseas will certainly be increasing. China has also promised to further open its entertainment market in accordance with the WTO agreement.At

43、 present, the Chinas filmmakers mainly have funds raised by themselves, but the new financing channels are emerging. With the improvement of the Chinese financial system, more and more film and television companies are relying on financial institutions to raise funds and at the same time using the b

44、ox office earnings, copyright transfer and the actors personal popularity as guarantees.5.翻译题What is it that we mean by Literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that definition. The most though

45、tless person is easily made aware that in the idea of literature one essential element is some relation to a general and common interest of manso that what applies only to a local, or professional, or merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of a book, will not belong to

46、Literature.So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it is also easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not Literature; but inversely, much that really is Literature never reaches a station in books. The weekly sermons of Christendom, that vast pulpit literature which

47、 acts so extensively upon the popular mindto warn, to uphold, to renew, to comfort, to alarmdoes not attain the sanctuary of libraries in the ten-thousandth part of its extent. The Drama againas, for instance, the finest of Shakespeares plays in England, and many leading Athenian playsoperated as a

48、literature on the public mind, and were (according to the strictest letter of that term) published through the audiences that witnessed their representation some time before they were published as things to be read; and they were published in this mode of publication with much more effect than they

49、could have had as books during ages of costly copying or of costly printing.【答案】【参考译文】我们所说的文学到底是什么呢？一般来说，人们会不假思索地认为一切书中所印之物都是文学。这种说法经不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意识到文学是联系着人们普遍兴趣的一个重要因素仅仅是一个地方，一个行业或者是一个人的兴趣，即使以书本的形式出现也不算是文学。文学的定义很容易受到限制，同样也很容易被扩大。大多数的书本都不能称之为文学，而相反的是，很多真正的文学却从未踏入过书本的行列。基督教堂里每个礼拜的布道词，数量巨大的文学讲坛，它们通过告

50、诫、鼓励、振奋、安抚或警示对人们的心理产生了巨大而广泛的作用，但它们在图书馆里还占不到千分之一的席位。戏剧也是如此，举个例子来说，英国莎士比亚最优秀的戏剧，以及代表所有希腊灿烂文化的剧作早已在它们成为出版物被人传阅之前就已经在大众面前发表过了（根据“发表”一词最准确的意义来讲），并且在那个传抄和打印价格都很昂贵的年代里，它们以戏剧的形式发表而产生的影响远胜于书本所造成的影响。6.单选题The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.问题1选项A.exultantB.conciliatoryC.reverentD.receptive

51、【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。7.单选题Successful politicians are good at giving _ answers to questions on difficult issues.问题1选项A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable【答案】C【解析】考查形容

52、词辨析。A选项definitive“最后的；最佳的；最权威的”；B选项ubiquitous“普遍存在的；无所不在的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项ineffable“不可言喻的；不应说出的；难以形容的”。句意：成功的政治家善于对棘手问题给出_答案。政治家的重要职能便是处理争端和分配利益，所以他们的回答不能太过绝对化，此处填“模棱两可的”更符合句意，所以C选项正确。8.翻译题Translate the following into English随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总

53、是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(Marco Polo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小

54、时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。【答案】As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if youve

55、passed some of your “primes”, you still have other prime years to experience in the future. It seems that some prime period will reach its peak later in our life. Once the primitive men burst out laughing for the first time because of something pleasant around them, and then the laugh brings the obv

56、iously pleasant effect around, the laugh has had value that the human beings is holding. The person who possesses the ability to spread happiness by bright and clear laugh will get more social benefits than his serious and stuffy colleagues, which gets him in an advantageous position. Thus he become

57、s a “good mixer” who is commended by others, especially gifted socially. The world today is neither the era of Silk Road, nor the age of Marco Polo. It just takes about two hours from Shanghai to Tokyo. On the same day on the calendar, you also can arrive in the United States on the other side of th

58、e earth from China. The far geographic distance of the old days has been shortened to an unbelievable extent by modern science and technology. Its the common achievements brought about by the progress of human civilization. 9.单选题The officer murmured his consent.问题1选项A.stutteredB.noddedC.mumbledD.utt

59、ered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。murmur意为“低语，喃喃细语”；stutter意为“口吃，结结巴巴地说”；nod意为“点头”；mumble意为“嘟哝，低声说”；utter意为“说，出声”。句意：警官低声表示同意。10.单选题Her doctor is concerned about the _ of her blood pressure since her last visit.问题1选项A.intensityB.elevationC.boostD.span【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intensity“强度；强烈；亮度；紧张”；B选项elevation“高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图”；C选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；D选项span“跨度，跨距；范围”。句意：自从她上次来看病以来，她的医生很担心她的血压_。血压一般用上升、下降或高、低来形容，句子的意思应该是医生担心她的血压升高，所以B选项正确。