考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考前自测提分卷11(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题We tried to negotiate but they were adamant.问题1选项A.disagreeableB.confidentC.hostileD.unyielding【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的 B. confident自信的，确定的C. hostile敌对的，敌意的 D. unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由but可知，前

2、后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。2.单选题Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat _ by steam.问题1选项A.towedB.pressedC.tossedD.propelled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. towed（用绳索）拖，拉 B. pressed压，推，施加压力C.

3、 tossed（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔，抛 D. propelled推动，驱动【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个非谓语动词做后置定语修饰boat，与前面的boat构成被动语态，而空格处动作的发出者是steam（蒸汽），因此表示“推动”符合语义。故D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合语义逻辑。【句意】在老师的指导下，学生们正在做一个蒸汽驱动的模型船。3.单选题During the mid-1840s, from 1845-1848, the potato crop in Ireland failed, creating a famine th

4、at ravaged the population. This event, the Great Famine, was one of the most significant events in the 8000-year history of this island nation, and the effects of it continue to haunt the Irish, both those who still live in Ireland and those who live in the United States. The most immediate effect o

5、f the famine was the dramatic decline in the Irish populationeither through death from starvation and disease or through emigration to other countries.In Ireland, the potato had historically been the mainstay of the diet of a large proportion of the rural population. Highly nutritional, the potato w

6、as easy to plant and easy to harvest. If a family of six had one acre of land, it could grow a potato crop that would feed them for almost a year. However, dependence on one crop had its downside as well. Potatoes could not be stored for long, and farmers who had grown so accustomed to dealing with

7、this one crop neglected to plant other crops as a hedge against possible failures.Rapid population increases in the years preceding the Great Famine had created a country whose expanding population was often poverty-stricken. Expanding population, coupled with landowners lack of responsibility towar

8、d tenant-farmers, led to a system where tenant-farmers frequently subdivided their land so that they could gain a bit of rent themselves. Consequently, the rural areas were dotted with small plots of land, most of which were used for potato farming. Prior to the famine, urban areas in Ireland were a

9、lso experiencing economic distress because of a decline in Irish industry that resulted in unemployment and poverty in cities such as Dublin.In 1845, the year the famine began, a good potato crop was expected, so it came as a great surprise when nearly half of the crop of the country failed because

10、of a blight that had come from North America. This particular blight was unusual inasmuch as when the potato was dug from the ground, it appeared to be healthy; it was only after a day or two that the potato began to rot.Despite the fact that only half the crop failed in 1845, starvation and disease

11、 plagued the entire country because many starving people, some of whom were infected with contagious diseases, roamed the countryside looking for food and spreading disease. Then, in 1846, the crop failed completely. In 1847, there was another partial failure, but because people had eaten their seed

12、 potatoes in 1846, the crop was much smaller in 1847. Then again in 1848, the crop failed completely.As if the crop failures were not enough, other factors affected the seriousness of the situation. Various contagious diseases such as typhus, dysentery, and several different types of fever spread ra

13、pidly. Landlords evicted tenant-farmers, and the government did very little to provide relief. Nor did it help that the winter of 1846-1847 was one of the coldest on record.When the famine was over in 1849, a cholera epidemic struck Ireland, so that by 1850 the country found its population reduced f

14、rom 8.5 million to 6.5 million. One million people had died from disease and starvation, and one million had left Ireland for Britain, Europe, or North America.The results of the Great Famine were profound. Farming in Ireland changed from a one-crop economy to an agricultural economy that included l

15、ivestock and other crops, such as grains. The seeds of animosity toward Great Britain, which had not helped the Irish in their time of need, were sown. And a pattern of emigration was established that lasts until today.1. According to the passage, the potato became a staple of the Irish diet for all

16、 of the following reasons EXCEPT _.2. The passage implies that _.3. According to the passage, rural life in the years before the Great Famine can best be described as _.4 Disease plagued the Irish during the famine because _.5. All of the following were results of the famine EXCEPT that the Irish _.

17、问题1选项A.it was filled with nutrientsB.it was easy to plantC.it was easy to harvestD.the soil was good for potatoes问题2选项A.dependence on one crop was sensibleB.the potato was not the only crop in IrelandC.the Irish were a happy peopleD.dependence on one crop was dangerous问题3选项A.declining in populationB

18、.harshC.decreasing in tenant-farmersD.expanding in farm size问题4选项A.the potato was diseasedB.immigrants brought diseaseC.starving Irish carried disease from place to placeD.living conditions were not sanitary问题5选项A.emigrated to new landsB.began to raised livestockC.became angered at the BritishD.beca

19、me independent from Great Britain【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, the potato became a staple of the Irish diet for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _. 1. 根据这篇文章，除了_，土豆成为爱尔兰人的主食有以下所有原因。A. it was filled with nutrients A. 它富含营养B. it was easy to plant B. 它很容易种植C.

20、it was easy to harvest C. 它很容易获得收成D. the soil was good for potatoes D. 土壤适合种土豆【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“在爱尔兰，土豆一直是大部分农村人口的主要食物。马铃薯营养丰富，易于种植和收获。”可知，土豆成为爱尔兰人的主食的原因包括营养丰富，易于种植以及容易获得收成，只有D项“土壤适合种土豆”没有提到，符合题干。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“它富含营养”、B项“它很容易种植”和C项“它很容易获得收成”由解题思路可知，这三项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. The passage

21、implies that _.2. 这篇文章表明_。A. dependence on one crop was sensible A. 依赖一种作物是明智的B. the potato was not the only crop in Ireland B. 土豆并不是爱尔兰唯一的作物C. the Irish were a happy people C. 爱尔兰人是快乐的民族D. dependence on one crop was dangerous D. 依赖一种作物是危险的【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是爱尔兰大饥荒的原因和后果，第二段第一句提到“在

22、爱尔兰，土豆一直是大部分农村人口的主要食物”，也就是说爱尔兰基本是依靠土豆这种作物生存的；然后在第三段和第四段描述了爱尔兰1845-1848年期间的饥荒，第四段最后一句描述到“这种特殊的枯萎病很不寻常，因为当土豆从地里挖出来的时候，它看起来是健康的；过了一两天，土豆就开始腐烂了”可知，正是因为爱尔兰依赖于土豆一种作物，所以当病菌袭来的时候，他们赖以生存的作物就遭殃了，从而导致大饥荒；综合理解我们可以推断，依赖一种作物是危险的事情。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“依赖一种作物是明智的”由解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰；B项“土豆并不是爱尔兰唯一的作物”由解题思路可知，爱尔兰依赖的是土豆一

23、种作物，该项属于反向干扰；C项“爱尔兰人是快乐的民族”在原文没有依据能够体现该项，属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. According to the passage, rural life in the years before the Great Famine can best be described as _.3. 根据文章，大饥荒前几年的农村生活可以用_来描述。A. declining in population A. 人口下降B. harsh B. 残酷的C. decreasing in tenant-farmers C. 减少佃农D. expanding in farm size

24、 D. 扩大农场规模【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键信息in the years before the Great Famine可以定位至第三段，该段描述到“在大饥荒发生前的几年里，人口的快速增长使这个国家的人口增长往往是受贫困困扰的。不断扩大的人口，加上土地所有者对佃农缺乏责任感，导致了佃农经常将土地细分，这样他们自己就能获得一点租金。因此，农村地区散布着小块土地，其中大部分用于种植土豆。”，从中可知，大饥荒前几年，爱尔兰农村是非常贫困的，快速增长的人口以及土地所有者的不负责，佃农经常会把土地细分，综合理解可以推断出，大饥荒前几年的农村生活是非常残酷的。因此，该题选择B项

25、“残酷的”。【干扰项排除】A项“人口下降”与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C项“减少佃农”没有提到，属于无中生有；D项“扩大农场规模”从解题思路可知，农场规模并没有扩大，而是被细分成了很多块，该项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. Disease plagued the Irish during the famine because _. 4. 饥荒期间，疾病折磨着爱尔兰人，因为_。A. the potato was diseased A. 土豆感染病菌了B. immigrants brought disease B. 移民带来了疾病C. starving Irish carried disease

26、 from place to place C. 饥饿的爱尔兰人把疾病从一个地方带到另一个地方D. living conditions were not sanitary D. 生活条件不卫生【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段第一句“1845年，虽然只有一半的农作物歉收，但饥饿和疾病仍然困扰着整个国家，因为许多挨饿的人，其中一些人感染了传染病，在农村四处寻找食物，传播疾病”可知，饥荒期间，疾病折磨着爱尔兰人是因为饥饿的爱尔兰人把疾病从一个地方带到另一个地方。因此，该题选择C项“饥饿的爱尔兰人把疾病从一个地方带到另一个地方”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“土豆感染病菌了

27、”，原文并没有提到土豆感染的枯萎病能够传染人类，该项属于无中生有；B项“移民带来了疾病”由解题思路可知，爱尔兰人受到疾病困扰是因为爱尔兰农村的人们四处寻找，并不是移民导致的，该项属于曲解原文；D项“生活条件不卫生”没有提及，无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. All of the following were results of the famine EXCEPT that the Irish _. 5. 以下所有的都是饥荒的结果，除了爱尔兰人_。A. emigrated to new lands A. 移民到新的土地B. began to raised livestock B. 开始饲养牲畜C

28、. became angered at the British C. 对英国人感到愤怒D. became independent from Great Britain D. 脱离英国独立【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干可以定位至最后一段，该段讲到“爱尔兰的农业从单一作物经济转变为包括牲畜和其他作物（如谷物）在内的农业经济。在爱尔兰人需要帮助的时候，英国没有帮助他们，于是他们对英国的敌意就埋下了种子。移民的模式一直持续到今天。”，从中可知，爱尔兰饥荒导致的结果就是农业经济的转变，移民以及对英国埋下了敌意的种子。只有D项“脱离英国独立”是没有提到的。因此，该题选择D项符合题意。

29、【干扰项排除】A项“移民到新的土地”、B项“开始饲养牲畜”和C项“对英国人感到愤怒”根据解题思路可知，这三项都是饥荒的结果，属于反向干扰。4.单选题A Science and B technology C are part of the D knowledges of educated people.问题1选项A.ScienceB.technologyC.areD.knowledges【答案】D【解析】【考查点】不可数名词的用法。【解题思路】knowledge表示“知识，学问”时，是不可数名词。所以knowledge要用原形，该题选择D项。【句意】科学技术是受过教育的人的知识的一部分。5.单选

30、题It is not improbable that some scrupulous people might be apt to censure such a practice as a little bordering upon cruelty.问题1选项A.meticulousB.contemplativeC.imprudentD.trifle【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的 B. contemplative沉思的，冥想的C. imprudent轻率的，鲁莽的 D. trifle（名词）少量，琐事【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】划

31、线单词scrupulous在句中表示“细心的，小心谨慎的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】有些一丝不苟的人可能会倾向于谴责这种做法有点近乎残忍，这是不大可能的。6.单选题A A technical view of a new invention sometimes B differ from C an economic D perspective.问题1选项A.technicalB.differC.anD.perspective【答案】B【解析】【考查点】主谓一致。【解题思路】句子主语是第三人称单数A tec

32、hnical view（技术观点），因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式differs。该题选择B项。【句意】对一项新发明的技术观点有时与经济观点不同。7.单选题The announcement will _ the rumors of a takeover that have plagued the company for the past 18 months.问题1选项A.appendB.scotchC.exhortD.exhale【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. append附加，贴上；盖章 B. scotch阻止，平息；终止C. exhort忠告；劝诫 D. exhale呼气；发出，发散

33、【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言”，由情态动词will可知，The announcement will _表示的是“这一声明将消除”，B项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】这一声明将消除过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言。8.翻译题雨落无声，记忆搁浅。用心触摸着那丝丝微雨的柔美，透过时空的壁垒，苍老的故地，深沉的脚印，朦胧的身影，和那被岁月侵蚀的满怀柔情，在脑海里徘徊得太过杂乱无章，每当想要细细品味时，却不知从何道来。于是只能介乎在半梦半醒之间，任沧桑褪尽昔日芳华，孑然一身，谱写出风花雪月的篇章。人生若只如

34、初见，那冥冥中注定的惊鸿一瞥，定格一瞬间，却又转瞬即逝，带走了无限的想象和无尽的回忆。【答案】Rain falls silently, and memory is stranded. The softness of the gentle rain is touched by the heart through the barriers of time and space, the old hometown, the deep footprints, the hazy figure, and the tender feelings that have been eroded by the yea

35、rs. Wandering in the messy mind, whenever I want to ponder it, I do not know where I should start. Then I can only let the youth fade with vicissitudes of life between dreams and awakenings. With being all alone in the world, I write a romantic theme. If life is only as it was at the first sight, th

36、e destined glance becomes a frozen moment, and then it passes away in a flash, taking away the infinite imagination and endless memories.9.翻译题科学和技术作为两个不同的范畴，共同起源于人类的生产实践活动。然而随着劳动分工的发展，两者却分道扬镳，各自循着不同的路径独立发展了。科学的职责在于认识和揭示自然界的规律，而技术的进步，主要是那些直接掌握生产工具的工匠们的事。【答案】Science and technology, though belonging to

37、 two different domains, originated from human productive activities. However, with the changes in the division of labor, they began to separate, each developing independently in its own way. The role of science involves the understanding and revelation of natural laws while the progress of technolog

38、y relies heavily on those who have direct access to the tools of production.10.单选题The police received a (n) _ call giving them valuable information, but the caller would not give his name out of fear of _.问题1选项A.private.impunityB.anonymous.reprisalsC.professional.dissensionD.enigmatic.refusal【答案】B【解

39、析】【选项释义】A. private.impunity私人的免于惩罚 B. anonymous.reprisals匿名的报复C. professional.dissension专业的意见分歧 D. enigmatic.refusal令人困惑的拒绝【答案】B【考查点】形容词和名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息but the caller would not give his name（不肯说出他的名字）可知，这个电话是匿名电话，第一个空格应该填入anonymous；而根据常识可知，人们在给警方提供信息时不愿意透露自己的姓名是害怕报复，所以第二个空格应该填入reprisals。故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】警察接到一个匿名电话，给他们提供了有价值的信息，但打电话的人由于害怕报复而不肯说出他的名字。