考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考前自测提分卷50(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The earnings of women are well below that of men （ ）educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.问题1选项A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和th

2、ough都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educational differences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。2.单选题 Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the conseq

3、uences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world

4、 would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members

5、of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world,

6、 the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape,

7、 size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with object

8、s and events comes a social feeling of agreement: that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact,

9、society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements

10、, such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2. According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because th

11、ey（ ） .3. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on（ ）.4. Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because （ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be

12、 able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.benefit from providing

13、 help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD.know what is vital to the progress of society问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the me

14、ans by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.enc

15、ourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they w

16、ould be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能没办法生存：既不知道何为欢喜和快乐，也不知道何为焦虑和恐惧，他们可能重复做出伤害性的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。”由此可知如果人们生存在一个没有情感的世界里，因为对于自身行为的性质没办法区别，所以会 导致自己很难生存。故正确答案选B。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第四句“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience becaus

17、e this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.他们不会学习：他们不能从经验中受益，因为这个无情感的世界缺乏奖励和惩罚”，由此可知，没有情感的世界，对于人们的学习活动不存在激励，没有奖励和惩罚的机制。反之，人们能够进行学习活动主要也是因为奖励和惩罚机制的存在。故正确答案选C。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段结尾“Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more

18、 pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. 社会经济的基础将被摧毁，既然挣100万美元不会比挣10美元更让人愉快，工作就会失去动力正如我们看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”根据题干中关键词foundation 可以对应定位到上文“underpinnings基础，支柱”，由此可知社会经济的基础是建立在人们享受激励的能力上的。故正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第

19、二段第一句提到了“In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. 在这样一个世界里，人类生存下来的可能性几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情绪以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”然后就举例具体阐述了情绪是如何具体影响

20、我们的生存和适应身边事物的。其中第六句“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement 从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，产生一种社会共识”，这也就解释了本段第一句中所强调的情感对于生存和发展的重要性，所以正确答案选B。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are le

21、ss important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. 诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但是，比起它对我们所做的，能做的事情，给我们带来的伤害，惊讶，愤怒或者欢乐，事物的物质方面没有那么重要。”本句话提到事物的情感方面比物质方面重要的具体表现。结合上下文，我们使用情感来分类事物，也就是通过情感，我们适应周围的世界。由此推断，选项D为符合题意的最佳答案。3.单选题She turned down the well-paid job, （ ）n

22、ot able to pick up her four-year-old son from kindergarten.问题1选项A.to be consideredB.consideringC.being consideredD.having considered【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。从非谓语动词做伴随状语的用法上分析，空格部分要填的动词和主语she存在逻辑上主谓关系，排除A和C选项。选项D是现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在主语动作之前，不符合语境。故选B为最佳答案。句意为：考虑到没办法接送四岁的儿子上幼儿园，她放弃了报酬丰厚的工作。4.单选题 It was the wo

23、rst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push

24、 into Nazi Germanywere packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strengt

25、h to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “Ill never forget the screams,” says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a cent

26、ury. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young

27、 woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and

28、are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.” The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptan

29、ce abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of Willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonabl

30、e price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they have now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.1. Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm

31、 Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history?2. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when（ ）.3. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century becauseGermans（ ）.4. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?5. It can be lear

32、ned from the passage that Germans no longer think that（ ）.问题1选项A.It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B.It caused the largest number of casualties.C.Most of its passengers were frozen to death.D.Its victims were mostly women and children.问题2选项A.the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideB.a strong

33、 ice storm tilted the shipC.the cruise ship sank all of a suddenD.the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats问题3选项A.were eager to win international acceptanceB.had been pressured to keep silent about itC.were afraid of offending their neighborsD.felt guilty for their crimes in World W

34、ar II问题4选项A.By describing the ships sinking in great detail.B.By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.C.By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.D.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.问题5选项A.the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nations

35、 past misdeedsB.Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IIC.they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedyD.it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“

36、It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. 这是航海史上最严重的悲剧，导致的死亡人数比泰坦尼克号多6倍”。可知选项B“造成的伤亡人数最多”为最佳答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第三句“An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and

37、began to go down. 一场冰雹将船的甲板变成冰板，同时导致船倾斜往下沉，数百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知ice storm冰雹并不是船倾斜的原因，只是加剧更多人落水的推动因素，题干中问的when，是指“当”，可以对应到文中的as后面的内容。故正确答案选A。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第三段第二句“By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, ma

38、rginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. 通过完全接受承认他们国家在二战中犯下的滔天罪行，德国设法赢得其他国家的认可，在国内边缘化新的纳粹分子，并且与领国和平相处”，由此可知选项D 符合文章的意思。其他选项都是细节性的描述。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第二句“its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe”可知在第二段中君特格兰斯有关海难的小说作品中，描述了一位年轻的孕妇在海难中生还的

39、过程。故正确答案选D。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句“But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they have now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. 但即使政治立场最正确的德国人也相信他们现在已经有权利来讨论整个历史事件”，由这句话可知，德国人现在有权利讨论历史上的这次海难事件，而不用担心因为自身在战中的历史而受到非议。所以德国人也不用担心因此被人误解。故正确答案选C。选项B和D是杜撰出来的表达

40、。选项A根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay.”这里的“price代价”指代句子前面“willful forgetting有意的遗忘”，故不符合题干的意思。5.单选题The negotiation between these two countries has yielded no result. A war is（ ）.问题1选项A.eminentB.immin

41、entC.predominantD.dominant【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项eminent“杰出的”；B选项imminent“即将来临，迫近的”；C选项predominant“主要的、卓越的”；D选项dominant“显性的、占优势的”。题干第一句话的意思“两国间的谈判没产生结果”，后面可知“战争war”马上就要到了，空格部分形容词意思为“马上就要爆发的”，句意为：两国间的谈判没产生结果，战争一触即发。故选项B正确。6.单选题We need a chairman（ ） .问题1选项A.for whom everyone has confidenceB.in whom e

42、veryone has confidenceC.who everyone has confidence ofD.whom everyone has confidence on【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查的是定语从句的运用。have confidence in sb/sth对某人或某事有信心。根据句子意思排除选项A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定语从句中，关系代词是充当从句的宾语，所以用whom，句意为：我们需要一个人人都对他有信心的主席。所以选项B是正确答案。7.单选题The audience waited in （ ）silence while their aged

43、speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.问题1选项A.respectiveB.respectC.respectfulD.respectable【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respective意为“分别的”；B选项respect意为“尊敬，敬重”动词；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“可敬的”。根据空格前后判断，根据“aged speaker年老的演讲者”，可知C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”符合语境，句意为：当上了

44、年纪的演讲者搜寻笔记寻找他不记得的数字的时候，观众们都充满敬意地默默等待。因此选项C正确。8.单选题At the sight of this photograph he changed his（ ） .问题1选项A.countenanceB.counteragentC.concessionsD.counteract【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项countenance“面容，表情”；B选项counteragent“反作用剂；中和力”；C选项concessions“让步，让与”；D选项counteract“抵消”，句意为：一看到这张照片，他面色就变了。故正确答案选A。9.单选题

45、Outside the office （ ）probably in her late 60s, wearing fashionable T-shirt.问题1选项A.stood a blond ladyB.saw a blond ladyC.a blond lady stoodD.found a blond lady【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。当句子以介词短语开头，需要完全倒装，也就是介词短语+动词+主语+剩余修饰成分，这里outside the office是介词短语，空格部分应根据句意是“站着一位金发碧眼的老妇人”，所以这里选项A“stood a blond lady”符合

46、题意。10.翻译题 Currently, China is in the midst of a challenging transition. A rapidly aging population, increasing debt, and declining returns on fixed asset investment place new burdens on the economy. Because of aging, the labor force is expected to peak this year and begin a long decline that could r

47、educe its size by 16 percent by 2050. By 2030, Chinas dependency ratio the percentage of the population that is not in the labor force (mostly the elderly and children) will reach 47 percent. This is far sooner, in terms of GDP per capita, than in countries such as Japan or the United States.【答案】 目前，中国正处于一个具有挑战性的转型阶段。人口老龄化的迅速增长、不断增加的债务以及固定资产投资回报率的下降给经济带来了新的负担。由于人口老龄化，中国的劳动力总量预期今年达到最高峰，然后开始一个长期的减少，而到2050年中国的劳动力规模可能减少16%。到2030年，中国的抚养比率即不属于劳动力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和儿童）将达到47%。而中国人均国内生产总值的减少会比日本或美国等国家出现得早很多。