考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷79(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The research in areas of human _ and exploration suggests that these characteristics arise from both intrinsic motivations or drives to gain information and extrinsic explorative behavior.问题1选项A.orderlinessB.curiosityC.innocenceD.

2、shyness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orderliness“整洁，整齐；秩序井然”；B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C选项innocence“清白，无罪；天真无邪”；D选项shyness“羞怯”。句意：人类_和探索领域的研究表明，这些特征来自于获取信息的内在动机或驱动，以及外在的探索行为。横线处与后面的“探索领域”是并列主语，与获取信息和探索对应度最高的是好奇心，B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.单选题We shall probably never be able to（ ） the exact nature of

3、 these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertB.informC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】assert断言，声称；inform通知；ascertain探明，确定；notify通知，公布。句意：我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合句意。3.单选题The addictive nature of online gambling has forced many _ garners to seek treatment.问题1选项A.sedativeB.fortifiedC.compulsiveD.impulsive【答案

4、】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项sedative“镇静剂”；B选项fortified“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”；D选项impulsive“易冲动的”。句意：在线赌博成瘾的基本特征迫使许多_的赌徒寻求治疗。这里的赌徒对赌博上瘾，不能控制自己停下赌博，C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”形容他们符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.单选题At last she left her house and hurried to the airport only _ the plane flying away.问题1选项A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.to s

5、ee【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项to see符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项only seeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存

6、在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。5.单选题The Chinese polar explorers took every precaution to（ ）the dangers of their trip.问题1选项A.minimizeB.extinguishC.shrinkD.prevent【答案】A【解析】句意：中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施，把旅行的危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。6.单选题Maya Lin was an undergraduate student at Yale when she was _ to create the Vietnam Veterans Mem

7、orial in 1981 because she won the public design competition for the memorial.问题1选项A.commissionedB.conditionedC.streamlinedD.aggregated【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”；B选项conditioned“训练，使习惯于，使适应”；C选项streamlined“使增产节约”；D选项aggregated“总计，合计”。句意：1981年，玛雅林在耶鲁大学读本科时被_设计越南退伍军人纪念馆，因为她赢得了纪念馆

8、的公共设计竞赛。玛雅林赢了设计比赛，可知这里指的是和设计相关事宜，A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.单选题The virus is usually blood-borne and may _ almost any organ in the body.问题1选项A.patronizeB.infectC.engraveD.enroll【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项patronize“屈尊对待；赞助”；B选项infect“感染”；C选项engrave“在上雕刻（字或图案）”；D选项enroll“注册”。句意：这种病毒通常是血液传

9、播的，可以_几乎身体的任何器官。横线处和organ“器官”形成动宾关系，病毒感染身体，B选项infect“感染”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.单选题（ ） the red cells of the blood, hemoglobin（血红蛋白）transport oxygen form the lung to the tissues.问题1选项A.Compared toB.Attacked byC.Confined toD.Attributed to【答案】D【解析】compared to与.相比；attached by附属于；confined to局限于, 限制于；attributed to

10、由于, 归功于。句意：由于血液中的红细胞, 血红蛋白将氧气从肺输送到组织。选项D符合句意。9.翻译题It is more important to pave the way for childrens desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate. Even if you feel you have little knowledge of nature at your disposal, there is still much you can do for your chi

11、ld. Wherever you are and whatever your resources, you can still look up at the skyits dawn and evening beauties its moving clouds, its start by night. You can listen to the wind, whether it blows with majestic voice through a forest or sings a many voiced chorus around the corners of your apartment

12、building, and in the listening you can gain magical release for your thoughts. You can still feel the rain on your face and think of is long journey from sea to air to earth and wonder at the mysteries of natural selection embodied in the perfume and flavor of a fruit. Even if you are a city dweller

13、, you can find some place, perhaps a park or a golf course, where you can observe the mysterious migrations of the birds and the changing seasons. And with your child you can ponder the mystery of a growing seed, even if its just one planted in a pot of earth in the kitchen window.【答案】为孩子们的求知欲铺平道路比让

14、他们接受他们还没有准备好吸收的事实更重要。即使你觉得你掌握的自然知识甚为寥寥，你仍可以为你的孩子做许多事情。无论你身在何处，不管你智谋高低，你仍然可以仰望天空看它的拂晓与黄昏之美，看它的游云，看它夜晚时的星光。你可以倾听风的歌声，无论是用宏伟的歌喉呼啸着穿过森林，还是在你的公寓大楼拐角处唱着多声部的合唱。而在倾听中，你可以让思想神奇地奔放。你仍然能感觉到打在你脸上的雨点，想着它从大海到天空再到地面的漫长旅程，对水果的芳香所体现的自然选择的神奇惊叹不已。即使你居住在城市，也能找到某个地方，也许是公园或是高尔夫球场，在那儿能观察鸟类神奇莫测的迁徙和四季的交替。你可以和你的孩子一起思索种子生长的奥秘

15、，即使它只是一颗种在厨房窗台上的一盆泥土之中的种子。10.单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant

16、 working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these l

17、ast fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet

18、you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these tra

19、des requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Ce

20、rtainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work wit

21、hin the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1. It is implied that fifty years ago _.2. According to the passage, with the development of modem modern industry _.3. The word “dubious” (underlined in Para 2.) most probably means _.4. According to the writer, profe

22、ssional knowledge or skill is _.5. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _.问题1选项A.eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost

23、the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreasedC.employ

24、ers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers问题3选项A.valuableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful问题4选项A.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsB.less important than awareness of being a good employeeC.more important than

25、employer employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题5选项A.to be more successful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段A

26、nd when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场

27、工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选

28、项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our w

29、orking populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.（事实上，在过去的50年里，美国社会有两个特点：中产阶级和上层社会的雇员一直是我们劳动人口中增长最快的群体增长如此之快，以至于工业革命时以体力为主的工人在数量上已经失去了重要性，尽管工业生产在扩大。），由此可

30、推断出产业工人的数量减少了，所以B选项“产业工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降”正确。A选项“产业工人的数量将超过知识型员工”和D选项“中产阶级雇员和产业工人一样多”与原文表述不符，属于反向干扰；C选项“雇主非常重视产业工人”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.词汇推断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a

31、job or how to get a promotion.（然而，你会发现几乎没有任何关于如何成为一名员工的内容。但是你却可以找到很多关于如何获得工作或晋升非常_的建议。），根据第一句几乎没有什么文章写道应该如何成为一名员工，却有如何获得工作或晋升的建议，所以不难推测这种建议是不可信的，因此C选项“可疑的；不可信的”正确。A选项“有价值的”；B选项“有用的”；D选项“有帮助的”都与原文所表达的意思相反，属于反向干扰，因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the re

32、quirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade（当然，更多的人失败是因为他们不知道作为一名员工的要求，而不是因为他们没有充分掌握自己的行业技能），由此可推断作者认为知道自己作为员工的要求，即做一名好员工比掌握专业知识技能更重要，所以B选项“不如意识到自己要做一名好员工那么重要”正确。A选项“与处理公共关系的能力同等重要”、C选项“比劳资关系更重要”和D选项“与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.

33、推理判断题。根据题干可定位到最后一段最后两句employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skillthe higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.（对成功来说，雇佣制度比特殊的专业知识或技能更为重要你的职位越高，你进入行政或管理工作的机会就越多，你就越重视在组织内的工作能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。），由此可知雇佣制度有利于帮助一个人在他的职业生涯中取得较大成功，所以A选项“在他的事业上更成功”正确。B选项“在他的领域更专业”、C选项“解决技术问题”以及D选项“发展他的专业技能”都与文章表述不符，此处提到了雇佣制度中，知道自己作为员工的要求比任何专业知识、技术知识以及专业技能都更重要，B、C、D选项属于反向干扰。因此A选项正确。