考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前自测提分卷71(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Violence in teenage relationships is much more prevalent than previously thought, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds twice as likely to be abused by violent partners.问题1选项A.criticalB.widespreadC.fierceD.brutal【答案】B【解析】【选项

2、释义】A. critical 批评的，批判性的 B. widespread 普遍的，广泛的C. fierce 凶猛的，凶狠的 D. brutal 残暴的，兽性的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】prevalent的意思为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，这里用来形容violence，指的是暴力行为比想象中普遍，widespread与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】青少年关系中的暴力比之前想象的要普遍得多，那些来自弱势背景的人被同伴暴力相对的可能性是其他人的两倍。2.单选题The cars handle well and have a strikin

3、g design, with “butterfly” doors that _ up and open.问题1选项A.switchB.sweepC.swingD.swell【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. switch （使）改变，转变 B. sweep 打扫，清扫C. swing （使）摆动，摇摆 D. swell （使）凸出，鼓出【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词butterfly，可知车门的设计就像蝴蝶一样，结合后面and open，可知横线处指的是车门打开的方式，swing符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】这款车操作良好，设计

4、引人注目，它的蝴蝶门可以向上摇，然后打开。3.填空题What is good is thought to be _ and what is evil is thought to be harmful, but defining good and evil remains a central question of ethics. (benefit)【答案】beneficial【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定

5、义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。4.单选题In her long, but ultimately triumphant career, she has been forced to smuggle birth control supplies under her clothing.问题1选项A.forcefulB.insightfulC.successfulD.influential【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. forceful 强有力的，坚强的 B. insightful 有深刻了解的，富有洞察力的C. successful 获得成功的，有成就的 D. influential 有很大影响

6、的，有支配力的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】triumphant的意思为“大获全胜的，巨大成功的”，这里指她在职业生涯中取得巨大成功，successful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】在她漫长但最终成功的职业生涯中，她曾被迫在衣服下走私节育用品。5.单选题Despite the recession in Brazil, many job hunters are taking their last savings and investing in English lessons because so many _ employers

7、 want workers with a knowledge of English.问题1选项A.prevalentB.proficientC.prospectiveD.prominent【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. prevalent 普遍存在的，盛行的 B. proficient 熟练的，娴熟的，精通的C. prospective可能的，潜在的 D. prominent 著名的，杰出的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词job hunters，可知这些求职者学英语是为了找工作，雇主是谁还没有确定，prospective符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、

8、D选项不符合语境。【句意】尽管巴西经济衰退，许多求职者还是把最后的积蓄花在了英语课程上，因为很多潜在雇主都想要会英语的员工。6.单选题As we passed over the dark bridge her wan face fell lazily against my coats shoulder.问题1选项A.charmingB.cheerfulC.paleD.uneasy【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. charming 令人着迷的，迷人的 B. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的C. pale 灰白的，苍白的 D. uneasy 担心的，忧虑的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思

9、路】wan的意思为“苍白无力的，无血色的”，这里形容她脸色苍白，pale与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】当我们走过漆黑的桥时，她苍白的脸懒洋洋地贴在我的外套上。7.填空题The overemphasis on the exterior elevation in its former design resulted in the closeness and _ of the interior space. (regular)【答案】irregularity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词and，可知横线处和closeness都是名词，

10、结合语境，过分强调建筑的外部立面致使建筑不规则，irregularity意思为“不规则（或无规律）的事物”，符合语境。【句意】在原有设计中过分强调建筑的外部立面，导致室内空间的封闭和不规则。8.单选题The racial, intellectual and economic policies of the National Socialist Party were carried out with unprecedented ruthlessness.问题1选项A.crueltyB.contemptC.cautionD.concession【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. cruelty （

11、尤指蓄意的）残酷，残忍 B. contempt 蔑视，轻蔑C. caution 谨慎，小心 D. concession 让步，妥协【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】ruthlessness的意思为“无情，残忍”，指的是国家社会党实施政策的方式非常残忍，cruelty与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】国家社会党的种族、知识和经济政策以前所未有的残暴方式进行。9.单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunter

12、s had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that

13、these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters.I

14、n the 1940s and 1950s，biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzy

15、me hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genesthe blueprints for each of the enzymesand are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseasesdiabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genet

16、ic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar indust

17、ry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will

18、 occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How do vitamins influence health?3. Which of the following

19、 best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage?4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of enzymes.问题2选项A.They

20、are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.问题3选项A.Critical.B.Speculative.C.Appreciative.D.Emotional.问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.B.Medica

21、l breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】What is the main topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么？A. The microbe hunters. A. 微生物猎人。B. The

22、 potential of genetic engineering. B. 基因工程的潜力。C. The progress of modern medical research.C. 现代医学研究的进展。D. The discovery of enzymes. D. 酶的发现。【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段提出为了探究一些可怕疾病的成因，二十世纪二十年代前，医学研究的焦点是微生物（dominated by the microbe hunters），到20年代和30年代，变成维生素（vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters

23、）；第二段提出，在40年代和50年代，酶成了研究重点（enzyme hunters occupied center stage）；第三段提出焦点变成了基因（gene hunters）；最后一段提出基因也会被取代（the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight）。综上所述，作者根据时间顺序，介绍了在不同时间段，现代医学研究的进程，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“微生物猎人”，B选项“基因工程的潜力”和D选项“酶的发现”：是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。第2题:【选项释义】How do vitamins influence

24、health? 维生素如何影响健康？A. They are necessary for some enzymes to function. A. 它们是某些酶发挥作用所必需的。B. They protect the body from microbes. B. 他们保护身体免受微生物的侵害。C. They keep food from spoiling. C. 它们防止食物变质。D. They are broken down by cells to produce energy. D. 它们被细胞分解产生能量。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词vitamins inf

25、luence health定位到第二段第一句，该处讲到“生物化学家努力研究为什么每种维生素对健康都必不可少（vitamins was essential for health）”，结合下一句“新陈代谢中关键酶（key enzymes）依赖于某种维生素（vitamins）作为辅酶进行化学反应（as coenzymes to perform the chemistry）”，可知有的酶发挥作用需要维生素的配合，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们保护身体免受微生物的侵害”：文中没有提到微生物侵害身体的情况，属于无中生有；C选项“它们防止食物变质”：文中没有提到食物变质的问题，属于无中生有；D选

26、项“它们被细胞分解产生能量”：对应第二段第二句“关键酶（key enzymes）执行化学反应，为细胞的生长和发挥功能提供能量（provides cells with energy）。”，可知这里讲的是酶，而不是维生素，属于张冠李戴。第3题:【选项释义】Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage? 以下哪个选项对作者在文章最后一段的语气描述最恰当？A. Critical. A. 批判性的。B. Speculative. B. 猜测的。C. Appreciat

27、ive. C. 感激的。D. Emotional. D. 情绪激动的。【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词定位到第四段，该段用了大量问句，结合第一句“我们可以预期（we can expect）”以及第四句“我想知道（I wonder）”，可知在最后一段，作者表达了自己的各种疑问和猜测，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“批判性的”：作者不是在批判，属于曲解原文；C选项“感激的”：作者不是在表达感激，属于曲解原文；D选项“情绪激动的”：用了大量问句，不是为了表现自己情绪激动，而是为了强调自己的疑问与猜测语气，属于曲解原文。第4题:【选项释义】With which o

28、f the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? 作者最可能同意下列哪一种说法？A. The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades. A. 医学研究的重点在未来20年将会改变。B. Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck. B. 医学上的突破常常依靠运气。C. Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been

29、dominated by microbe hunters. C. 整个二十世纪的医学研究一直由微生物猎人主导。D. Most diseases are caused by defective genes. D. 大多数疾病是由缺陷基因引起的。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】此题定位到第四段第三句，该处讲到“在我们这个衰落世纪的最后十年（in the last decade of our waning century）和下一个世纪的头几十年（in the early decades of the next），哪种猎人（Which kind of hunter）会主宰世界？”，可知作者

30、认为医学研究的重点在未来20年有可能会改变，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“医学上的突破常常依靠运气”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有；C选项“整个二十世纪的医学研究一直由微生物猎人主导”：对应第一段第一句“本世纪的前二十年（first two decades of this century），微生物猎人占据了主导地位。”，这里的时间是本世纪头二十年，而不是整个世纪，属于偷换概念；D选项“大多数疾病是由缺陷基因引起的”：对应第三段第一句“导致遗传疾病（cause inherited diseases）的缺陷基因”，可知遗传疾病由缺陷基因引起，而不是大多数疾病，属于偷换概念。10.填空题We

31、feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the factthat children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite A B Cdiscouraged to be at the bottom of the top Grade! D【答案】D discouraged改为discouraging【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】discouraged的意思为“沮丧的，气馁的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思为“使人沮丧的，令人气馁的”，指的是某个事物令人沮丧，这里指的是倒数第一这件事令人沮丧，因此D部分应为“discouraging”。【句意】我们认为把学生按成绩分班有很多弊端。这没有考虑到儿童发展的速度不同这一事实。这对聪明的孩子和不那么聪明的孩子都有消极的影响。毕竟，在高手如云的班级中倒数第一这件事，相当令人沮丧！