考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考前自测提分卷10(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The centipede has poison claws on the first segment of its body （ ） to defend itself and to kill its prey.问题1选项A.and these usesB.also uses theseC.these also usedD.and uses these【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知句子的主语为The centipede，谓语是由and连接的两个并

2、列谓语，has和uses为句子的谓语部分。句意：蜈蚣身体的第一节有毒爪，用来自我保护和杀死猎物。选项D符合题意。2.单选题When photographing an object from different viewpoints, the photographers perspective of（ ）changes.问题1选项A.of what is seeingB.seeing whatC.it sees whatD.what it sees【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构可知，空格部分为介词of的宾语，所以填入一个宾语从句。特殊疑问词可引导宾语从句，并且要用陈述语序。句意：当从不同

3、的角度拍摄一个物体时，摄影师对它所看到的东西的视觉会发生变化。选项D符合题意。3.单选题Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science study-which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders （1） below the world average in math. And thats not even（2）part. Co

4、nsider this as you try to（3）which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（4） , Singapore.It isnt exactly a news flash these days（5） Americans score behind the curve on internat

5、ional tests. But educators say this study（6） because it monitored Variables both inside and outside the classroom. Lazinessthe factor often（7）for Americans poor performanceis not the culprit here. American students（8） spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany.（9） , they get more home

6、work and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say is not the kids but the curriculum that is too（10） . The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.Teachers actually agree the Americans need to（11）their kids to mo

7、re sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers dont recognize that（12） these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. Most educators rely（13） on textbooks and rote learning. While many textbooks cover（14） ideas, most do so superficially,（15） students w

8、ith the, techniques but not the mastery, of the broader principles.问题1选项A.recordedB.scoredC.gainedD.climbed问题2选项A.the leastB.the lessC.the worstD.the worse问题3选项A.carry outB.figure outC.count upD.show up问题4选项A.villageB.leaderC.friendD.country问题5选项A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which问题6选项A.ineffectiveB.comparab

9、leC.importantD.delighted问题7选项A.ignoredB.viewedC.exaggeratedD.blamed问题8选项A.vastlyB.accuratelyC.actuallyD.merely问题9选项A.As is knownB.To begin withC.Not only thatD.Even so问题10选项A.smallB.shortC.easyD.poor问题11选项A.relateB.exposeC.leadD.instruct问题12选项A.whereB.whyC.howD.whether问题13选项A.hardB.exclusivelyC.inte

10、ntionallyD.consequently问题14选项A.advancedB.colorfulC.controversialD.ambitious问题15选项A.carryingB.expectingC.leavingD.shaping【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。record意为“记录，记载”；score意为“得分”；gain意为“获得”；climb意为“攀登”。由tested a half-million student

11、s in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders 26 below the world average in math.（在41个国家测试了50万学生，美国八年级学生的数学低于全球平均水平）可知B选项最为恰当。（2）考查逻辑关系。根据前句可知美国学生的数学成绩很差以及空格后面的top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（前10%的美国数学系学生的得分与全球平均水平相当），可知the worst（最差的，最糟糕的）符合

12、逻辑，此处表示“这一点还不是最糟糕的”。（3）考查词组辨析。carry out意为“实施，执”；figure out意为“理解，弄清”；count up意为“计算总数”；show up意为“出现，揭露”。此处表示“弄清楚哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位”，因此选B。（4）考查逻辑关系。Singapore是the global_的同位语，由前面的which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century（哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位）可知leader（领导者，领袖）符合逻辑，指新加坡在数学上属于

13、全球领先地位。（5）考查定语从从句。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，用关系副词引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的there days，因此用when引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语。（6）考查形容词辨析。ineffective意为“无效果的”；comparable意为“可比较的”；important意为“重要的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”。此处表示“这项调查很重要”，因此选C。（7）考查动词辨析。空格处为过问分词作定语修饰the factor。 ignore意为“忽视”；view意为“观看，查看”；exaggerate意为“夸张，夸大”；blame意为“把归咎于，责怪”。此处表示“对

14、美国学生表现不佳的原因进行指责”，因此选D。（8）考查副词辨析。vastly意为“极大地”；accurately意为“正确无误地，准确地”；actually意为“实际上”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”。由前面的Laziness is not the culprit here.（懒惰不是罪魁祸首），可知美国小学生实际上念书的时间比日本和德国都要长更符合语境，因此选C。（9）考查逻辑关系。as is known意为“众所周知”；to begin with意为“首先，起初；not only that意为“不仅如此”；even so意为“虽然如此，即使如此”。由前面可知美国学生在课堂花的时间比德国

15、和日本小孩要多，以及空格后的they get more homework（他们有更多的家庭作业）可知此处表示递减关系，因此选C。（10）考查逻辑关系。由后面句子The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.（这项研究发现，美国八年级学生的课程中包含了其他国家七年级学生掌握的课程）以及前句“教育工作者说，问题不在于孩子，而在于课程太了”，可知easy（容易的）符合逻辑。（11）考查动词辨析。relate意为“（

16、把）联系起来”；expose意为“暴露，显露，使面临”；lead意为“代领，领路”，lead to意为“导致”；instruct意为“指示，命令”。此处表示“教事实上，老师们也同意美国人需要更早地给他们的孩子接触更高的数学水平”，因此选B。（12）考查名词性从句。此处表示“专家认为这种理念和如何教这些概念一样重要”，因此用how引导主语从句。（13）考查副词辨析。空格处为副词修饰动词rely on。hard意为“努力地，费力地”；exclusively意为“排他地，独占地，完全地”；intentionally意为“有意地，故意地”；consequently意为“因此，所以”。此处表示“很多专家

17、只信赖教科书和死记硬背”，因此选B。（14）考查形容词辨析。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”；colorful意为“鲜艳的”；controversial意为“有争议的，引起争议的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。由句中的while可知前后是转折关系，与superficially（浅薄地，肤浅地）相对的是advanced，因此选A。（15）考查动词辨析。空格处为现在分词担当伴随状语。carry意为“运送，携带”；expect意为“期望”；leave意为“离开，丢弃”；shape意为“塑造”。此处表示“给学生留下的只是技巧而不是掌握更高深的理论”，因此选C。4.单选题The

18、accident occurred when a van （ ）on the snow-covered road and bumped into a car that was not able to steer away in time owing also to the snow.问题1选项A.skiddedB.slidC.glidedD.slipped【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：事故发生时，一辆面包车在积雪覆盖的路上打滑，撞上了一辆由于下雪无法及时躲开的小汽车。选项A “打滑”符合题意。5.单选题The sales department has to have an（ ）know

19、ledge of what customers want and how much they want to pay.问题1选项A.implicitB.intimateC.abruptD.anonymous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B选项intimate “亲密的”；C选项abrupt“突然的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”，句意为：销售部门必须非常了解顾客想要什么，他们想要付多少钱。an intimate knowledge of“精通某事”，因此选项B符合题意。6.单选题（ ） the corporate ladder is not

20、simple task.问题1选项A.AscendingB.AccedingC.AcceleratingD.Assenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句子结构，可知本句为主系表结构，动词的ing形式作主语。Ascend “攀登，上升”；accede “加入，同意”；accelerate “使加快”；assent “赞成，同意”。句意：攀登公司的阶梯并非易事。选项A符合题意。7.单选题Fluorine, （ ）, is a greenish-yellow gas that is poisonous and highly corrosive.问题1选项A.a chemical elem

21、ent thatB.a chemical elementC.which chemical elementD.is a chemical element【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知句子的主语为Fluorine，谓语部分为is a greenish-yellow gas，后面是由that引导的定语从句，所以空格中为同位语，对主语起补充说明作用，应选用名词短语充当同位语。句意：氟，一种化学元素，是一种黄绿色的有毒且具有高度腐蚀性的气体。选项B符合题意。8.单选题Last year, when President George W. Bush announced that federa

22、l funds could be used to support research on human embryonic stem cells, he mandated that only those cell lines that existed at the time would qualify for such support. More than a year later, its becoming increasingly clear that these existing cell lines are inadequate. Unless more are created, the

23、 research slowdown may exact a staggering cost in terms of human suffering.Since this announcement, the US National Institutes of Health has tried to stimulate research on the existing cell lines with new funding and efforts to streamline the initially cumbersome process of obtaining approved cells.

24、 However, whether there are 60 cell lines, as originally stated, or nine, as now appear to be available to NIH-funded investigators, the number is not adequate. Given the genetic diversity within the population, scientists need access to new cell lines if they are to come up with the most effective

25、cell therapies.The issue is partly one of safety. In conducting research with human participants, we must minimize risks. The most effective cell line might not be the safest. When developing a new medicine, a large number of molecules must be screened to find a balance between effectiveness and saf

26、ety. The same is true with cells. In the context of cell therapy, it will be important to minimize unwanted immune reactions and inflammation this requires selection from a large number of cell lines to obtain the best match.Its clear from experiments with animals that stem-cell therapies can reduce

27、 human suffering as Parkinsonian mice have been cured with embryonic stem cells that were programmed to become dopamine-secreting, replacement nerve cells. Soon, cells induced to make insulin in tissue cultures will be used in attempts to treat diabetic mice. Similar successes have been achieved in

28、animal models of spinal-cord injury, heart failure and other degenerative disorders. We are at a frontier in medicine where tissues will be restored in ways that were not imaginable just a few years ago. The ethical issues raised by human-embryo research are profound. The human costs of restricting

29、this research must be taken into account as well. The cost in dollars of delaying new stem-cell research is difficult to estimate. It might measure in the hundreds of billions of dollars, especially if one adds the lost productivity of individuals who must leave work to care for victims of degenerat

30、ive disorders.A less obvious, but real, cost is the damage to the fabric of Americas extraordinary culture of inquiry and technical development in biomedical science. Our universities and teaching hospitals are unparalleled. We attract the very best students, scientists and physicians from around th

31、e world. But these institutions are fragile. Research and education play key roles in attracting the best physicians. A crippled research enterprise might add an unbearable stress with long-lasting effects on the entire system. If revolutionary new therapies are delayed or outlawed, we could be set

32、back for years, if not decades.To steer clear of controversy, some investigators will redirect their research. Others will emigrate to countries where such research is allowed and encouraged. Some will drop out entirely. The pall cast over the science community could extend far beyond stem-cell rese

33、arch. Many therapies have emerged from collaboration between government-sponsored researchers and private enterprise. Few of these discoveries would have emerged if, for instance, recombinant DNA research had been outlawed 30 years ago. We face the same type of decision today with limits placed on h

34、uman embryonic stem cells. Safeguards will be necessary. But if we do not proceed embracing the values of objective, open, inquiry with complete sharing of methods and results, the field will be left to less rigorous fringe groups here and abroad. Patients and society will suffer.1.It can be inferre

35、d from Paragraph 1 that the author（ ）.2.The word “streamline” in Paragraph 2 probably means（ ）.3.All of the following are the consequences of the research slowdown EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following statements about the research is TRUE?5.The most suitable title for the passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.is

36、 in favor of stem-cell researchB.welcomes the research slowdownC.takes a neutral stand on the researchD.thinks it essential to speed up the research问题2选项A.strengthenB.simplifyC.ascertainD.subvert问题3选项A.the negative impact on technical advancementB.the detriment to the culture of inquiryC.the loss of

37、 ones productivityD.the collapse of American dreams问题4选项A.Some researchers are dubious of the feasibility of the research.B.Private enterprise doesnt show the interest in the research.C.There should be a balance between caution and audacity.D.Many researchers have given up their research.问题5选项A.The

38、Cell LinesB.The Stem-cell ResearchC.The Dangers of DelayD.Costs on American Patients【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.作者意图题。定位到文章第一段，“Unless more are created, the research slowdown may exact a staggering cost in terms of human suffering”，除非有更多的发明，否则研究速度的放缓可能会导致人类痛苦的惊人代价。由此说明作者认为加速研究是十分必要的，选项D正确。2.语

39、义推测题。A选项strengthen“加强、巩固”；B选项simplify“简化”；C选项ascertain“查明”；D选项subvert“颠覆、推翻”，定位到文章第二段，句意为：美国国立卫生研究院一直试图通过新的资助和简化最初繁琐的获得批准细胞的流程。选项B符合题意。3.推理判断题。定位到文章第四段，It might measure in the hundreds of billions of dollars, especially if one adds the lost productivity of individuals who must leave work to care for

40、 victims of degenerative disorders. 这可能会造成数千亿美元的损失，尤其是如果再加上那些必须离开工作岗位去照顾退化性疾病受害者的人的生产力损失的话；第五段A less obvious, but real, cost is the damage to the fabric of Americas extraordinary culture of inquiry and technical development in biomedical science，一个不那么明显但真实的代价是，美国在生物医学领域的探索和技术发展方面的非凡文化结构遭到破坏。the coll

41、apse of American dreams“美国梦的破灭”不符合研究放缓带来的后果，因此选D。4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段，To steer clear of controversy, some investigators will redirect their research. Others will emigrate to countries where such research is allowed and encouraged. Some will drop out entirely. “为了避免争议，一些研究人员将改变他们的研究方向。其他人将移民到允许和鼓励此类研究的国家

42、。有些人会完全退出”，由此说明一些研究者是放弃了他们的研究的，选项D正确。5.主旨大意题。文章主要谈论放缓细胞研究的危害，选项C正确。9.单选题Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his subject,（ ）extensively outside of it.问题1选项A.much more to readB.much less to readC.still more readingD.much less reading【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。

43、因题干中谓语动词find 的真正宾语为to read.，所以选项中也应有不定式。因此可排除含有动名词reading 的C项和D项。A项中的 much more意为“更加，何况”，与题干语意相矛盾。B项 much less 意为“更不用说，更何况”，符合题意。10.单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very m

44、uch like another, and they do not make the voyage for the （1） of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel（2） to go to bed and pleased when the journey（3） .On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed（4） earlier than usual. When I（5） my cabin, I was surprised（6） th

45、at I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected（7） but there was a suitcase（8） mine in the opposition corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet（9） , except that he w

46、as wearing（10） good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not（11） whoever he was and did not say（12） . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but

47、 covered（13） as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a（14） was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten（15）the door, so I got up（16）the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I cross

48、ed the room and（17） the moon shone through it on to the other bed.（18） there. It took me a minute or two to（19） the door myself. I realized that my companion（20） through the window into the sea.问题1选项A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sake问题2选项A.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiring问题3选项A.ac

49、hievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the end问题4选项A.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehow问题5选项A.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached at问题6选项A.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to see问题7选项A.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be alone问题8选项A.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same that问题9选项A.in each placeB

50、.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhere问题10选项A.a soB.soC.such aD.such问题11选项A.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well together问题12选项A.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to him问题13选项A.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself up问题14选项A.dr

51、aftB.voiceC.airD.sound问题15选项A.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closing问题16选项A.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shut问题17选项A.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing so问题18选项A.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyone问题19选项A.remind to lockB

52、.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember locking问题20选项A.has to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）固定搭配。For the reason of “原因是”；for the motivate of “动机

53、是”；for the cause of “原因是”；for the sake of “为了”。句意：他们航行不是为了自己的兴趣。选项D符合题意。（2）语法题。Tired “疲劳的”，修饰人；tiring “令人疲劳的”，修饰物。主语是we，所以排除C和D项。又因为enough修饰形容词需要后置，选项A符合题意。句意：当我们感到非常疲倦而上床睡觉时，大多数人都是愉快的。（3）动词词义辨析。Achieve “达到”；finish “结束”；is over “结束”；没有搭配 be in the end。句意：当旅途结束的时候。因为句子的主语为the journey，根据主谓一致原则，谓语需用第三人

54、称单数，选项A和B可排除。选项C符合题意。（4）副词词义辨析。Quite “相当”；rather “相当”；fairly “公平地”；somehow “以某种方式，不知为何”。因为空格后为earlier形容词的比较级，rather可修饰比较级，句意：第一天晚上，我觉得特别懒，比平时更早上床睡觉。选项B符合题意。（5）词组辨析。Arrive in “到达”；arrive to “达成”；reach为及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词。句意：当我到达船舱。选项A符合题意。（6）固定搭配。根据固定搭配be surprised at doing “看到某事正惊讶”, be surprised to do “

55、惊讶地看到某事”, be surprised that “惊讶于”，可排除选项A。句意：我很惊讶地看到，将有一个同伴和我一同旅行，这使我感到有点不开心。选项D符合题意。（7）固定搭配。根据固定搭配expect to do sth. “期待做某事”，可排除A和C项。Lonely “孤独的”，强调内心感到孤独。Alone “单独的，一个人的”，不强调内心感受。句意：我期待一个的独处。选项D符合题意。（8）固定搭配。没有固定搭配similar than和the same that，所以C和D项可排除。Like和as都表示“像”，like 后接名词和短语，as后接从句。句意：在对面的角落里有一个和我一

56、样的手提箱。选项A符合题意。（9）副词词义辨析。in each place “在每个地方”；for all parts “对于所有部分”；somewhere “在某处”；anywhere “在任何地方”。句意：他是那种你在任何地方都可能遇到的人。选项D符合题意。（10）根据固定搭配so + adj./adv. + a/an + 名词，such + a/an + adj./adv. + 名词，因为clothes为复数，所以其前无需用冠词，选项A和C可排除。So短语的中心为形容词或副词，such短语中心词为名词。选项D符合题意。句意：他穿着如此好的衣服。（11）固定搭配。根据固定搭配get on

57、well together “与相处愉快”。句意：我打定主意我们不能在一起和睦相处。选项C符合题意。（12）固定搭配，根据固定搭配say sth. to sb. “跟某人说某话”，选项A和B可排除。又因为空格前已经含有否定词not，所以这里无需再用否定。句意：不跟他说一句话。选项C符合题意。（13）固定搭配，根据固定搭配cover up “盖住”，可排除选项C。又因为cover up为副词短语，宾语为名词，可放中间也可放后面，宾语为代词，只能放中间，所以正确表达应为cover myself up。句意：我把我自己盖住。选项D符合题意。（14）名词词义辨析。Draft “草稿，小股气流”；voi

58、ce “人说话的声音”；air “空气”；sound “大自然的声音”。根据下文The cold air was coming from the window opposite，“冷空气从对面的窗户进来”，可知空格中应该填入的意思为“气流，空气”，选项B和D可排除。又因为冠词a，所以选项C可排除。句意：小股风从窗户进来。选项A符合题意。（15）固定搭配。根据固定搭配forget to do “忘记去做某事（未做）”；forget doing “忘记做过某事（已做）”。文章强调忘记关窗，未关窗，所以选项C和B可排除。因为没有搭配forget for，选项D可排除。句意：我认为我可能忘记关门了。选

59、项A符合题意。（16）语法题。根据文意，可知作者起床的目的是关 门，介词to可表目的，句意：我认为我可能忘记关门了，于是我起床去关门。选项A符合题意。（17）语法题。根据文意，表达的是“当我穿过房间的时候”，所以空格填入一个时间状语从句，at不能引导时间状从，选项D可排除。又因为while引导时间状从，强调动作发生的延续性，通常为进行式，as引导时间状从可作为主句动作发生的背景。句意：当我穿过房间的时候，我看到月光透过窗户照到另外一张床上。选项C符合题意。（18）语法题。根据文章，表达的意思是“没有人”，所以选用there be 句型表示“有，存在”。选项A和C可排除。又因为no one “没

60、有人”；anyone “任何人”，选项D可排除。句意：没有人在那儿。选项B符合题意。（19）固定搭配。根据固定搭配remember to do “记得去做某事（未做）”；remember doing “记得做过某事”。没有搭配remind to do和remind doing，选项A和C可排除。根据上文“I got up to close the door, but found it already locked from the inside”，可知我起身要关上门，却发现门已经从里面锁上了。所以这里要表达的意思是记“想起来我自己关了门”，选项B可排除。句意：我花了一两分钟才想起自己已经锁门的事。选项D符合题意。（20）语法题。固定搭配have to jump “不得不跳”；was to have done “本将跳”；must have jumped “一定已经跳了”；could be jumped “本可能跳了”。根据文意，表达的意思是推测我的同伴一定是从窗户跳进了海里。所以是对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用must have done。句意：我意识到我的同伴一定是从窗户跳进了海里。选项C符合题意。