考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考前自测提分卷70(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title; the MBA (Master of Business Administratio

2、n).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expec

3、ted to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the wide spread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have

4、one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., ha

5、s helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA

6、 hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is t

7、hat the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash ag

8、ainst the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the womens movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”,

9、 said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.38. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by（ ）.39. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?40. From the passage w

10、e know that most MBAs（ ）.41. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work问题2选项A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy

11、.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.问题3选项A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations abo

12、ut their future问题4选项A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C【解析】38. 客观细节题。定位到第五段The success of Bill G

13、ates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.（比尔盖茨和其他非MBA毕业生如Wal-Mart连锁店的Sam Walton的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教

14、育获得等问题的自发讨论。），由此可知是由许多非MBA人士的成功促使了对MBA学位的价值的争论，因此B选项“非MBA人士的成功”正确，符合题意。A选项“来自不同雇主的投诉”，C选项“来自纯粹学科的科学家的批评”，D选项“MBA人士在工作中的糟糕表现”，均与题意不符，故选B。39. 客观细节题。定位在第七段MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year.（M

15、BA 雇员太急于升职，他们不了解政治情况和人，直到第三年才能够适应团队工作。）和最后一段的but are not so skillful at motivating people.（但是并不善于激励人）因此D选项“他们不善于与人打交道”正确，符合题意。A选项“他们通常以自我为中心”，B选项“他们好斗又贪婪”，C选项“他们不断抱怨自己的工作”，信息都过于负面，与题意不符。故选D。40. 客观细节题。定位在文章的第八段The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an a

16、ura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.（大部分参加辩论的人认为，问题的关键是MBA获得者得到的是超越实际重要性和作用的未来财富和权利的光环。）可知很多MBA人士对未来抱有不切实际的期望，因此D选项“对他们的未来抱有不切实际的期望”正确，符合题意。A选项“能很快地爬上公司的阶梯”，B选项“一旦和同事熟悉了就辞职”，C选项“得到的工资与其专业培训不符”。A，B，C选项在文中均未提及，可排除。故选D。41. 主旨大意题。本文围绕“MBA学位的价值”展开叙述，阐述了MBA兴起和兴盛，

17、比尔盖茨和其他非MBA毕业生的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教育获得等问题的自发讨论，并且分析了MBA获得者们的问题和劣势。因此C选项“对获得MBA学位的价值的怀疑。”正确，符合题意。A选项“为什么MBA项目的注册人数增加了”，B选项“商学院MBA项目改革的必要性”，D选项“一场最近在大学校园举行的辩论”都不是文章的主要内容，故选C。2.单选题Only native-born citizens are（ ）for the U.S. Presidency.问题1选项A.eligibleB.elegantC.legitimateD.liable【答案】A【解析】考

18、查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“有资格的”；B选项elegant“优雅的”；C选项legitimate“合法的；合理的”；D选项liable“有责任的”。句意：只有本国出生的公民才成为美国总统。成为美国总统的前提条件是Only native-born citizens“只有本国出生的公民”，意味着非美国出生的公民是没资格任职。因此A选项符合题意。3.单选题Tidal action is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide i

19、n any one place and at any one time. The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. When the attraction is great, the tide is high; and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. Between the high tide

20、and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide, and during its fall an ebb tide.The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. When the moon and the sun are horiz

21、ontal, the highest high tide occurs and when they are vertical the lowest low tide takes place.The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. Thus these factors affect each other, either distracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subt

22、ract from the height of the tide. But the tides still move inexorably on, rising twice a day, getting little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows.46. The principal ideas of the article concerns（ ）.47. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as af

23、fecting the tide?48. It can be concluded from the article that the attraction of the sun is（ ）.49. If the first high tide takes place at 1:00 a. m. the next high tide will probably take place at（ ）.50. According to the article, it is clear that the role of the moon（ ）.问题1选项A.the attraction of the su

24、n and the moonB.tidal wavesC.the sun, the moon and the windD.features which affect the tide问题2选项A.The sunB.The moonC.The windsD.The depth of the ocean问题3选项A.less than half that of the moonB.more than half that of the moonC.more than that of the moonD.less than twice that of the moon问题4选项A.7:20 a.m.B

25、.8:00 a. m.C.1:45 p. m.D.high noon问题5选项A.is not as important as that of the windB.is less than that of the sunC.causes the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seasD.has little influence on the tide【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】46. 主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句Tidal action is a very complicated phenome

26、non involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place and at any one time.（潮汐运动是一个非常复杂的现象，涉及了很多必须考虑的因素，来预测在任何地方和任何时间发生的潮汐运动。）接着详细介绍了产生潮汐的主要因素。A选项“太阳和月亮的引力”；B选项“潮汐波”；C选项“太阳、月亮、风”，ABC选项只是文中讲到的一些片面信息，不能作为整体概述。D选项“引起潮汐的特征”正确，本文主要列举了引起潮汐的一些因素。故选D。47. 客观细节题。影响潮汐的因素可以看

27、到第一段的第二句The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句The sun also exerts its effect on the tide.（太阳也会对潮汐有影响。）第三段第一句The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the nor

28、mal rise and fall of the tide.（风也在影响潮汐正常上升和下降的过程中起着重要的作用。）唯独D选项“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故选D。48. 推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater.（太阳对潮汐也发挥了作用，虽然它的体积狠大，但是，它的作用还不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太阳对潮汐的影响比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A选

29、项“不及月球的一半”正确。即可排除B选项“超过月亮的一半”和C选项“比月球还要多”，D选项“比月球的影响少两倍”错误。故选A。49. 推理判断题。定位在第一段的最后一句Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide, and during its fall an ebb tide.（高潮和低潮之间的时间差超过六小时，上升时被称之为涨潮，下降时被称之为退潮。）题目中第一次的高潮发生在上午1点，那么接下来会

30、有超过6个小时的低潮期，下次高潮的时间就还需要再加上6个小时。由此推理，时间要超过12个小时。同理可排除ABD选项。故选C。50. 客观细节题。定位在第一段的第二句The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A选项“不像风那么重要”，B选项“比太阳的影响小”，D选项“对潮汐的影响很小”均表述有误。选项C“导致海平面交替上升和下降”

31、正确。故选C。4.单选题Maria Chapman wrote many（ ）condemning slavery at that time.问题1选项A.prescriptionsB.directoriesC.bookletsD.prototypes【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prescriptions“处方；药方”；B选项directories“目录；名录”；C选项booklets“小册子”；D选项prototypes“原型；雏形”。句意：玛丽亚查普曼写了许多，谴责当时的奴隶制度。根据动词wrote“写”，可知空格内应填入与文章类有关的单词，因此可以排除A，B，D选项。后面的co

32、ndemning slavery at that time“谴责当时的奴隶制度”做后置定语，可译为写了很多谴责当时的奴隶制度的小册子。因此C选项符合题意。5.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.The really critical implication of the discovery still l

33、ies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behavior, our personalities and our health, and for the critical blow it strikes the idea of biological determinism.41. For the past decade, the public has witnessed a rising epidemic of tales of discoveries of gen

34、es that dispose humanity to homosexuality, to alcoholism, to political persuasion, to running ability, and to artistic taste.But even before yesterdays revelations by Venter, scientists had stopped believing in the gay gene. Yet belief in its existence still persists among the public. 42. The assaul

35、t on biological determinism that geneticists have now triggered will be timely, and human nature is a lot more complex and intriguing than determinists have given it credit for.It has become increasingly fashionable for individuals particularly in the United States to blame actions and crimes on the

36、 influence of their genes. Several US defendants accused of violent crimes have argued that they were innocent victims of their genes. 43. In other words, genetic predestination could soon have been used to excuse murder or robberyif it had not been for this discovery that we lack the genes to thus

37、dispose us!Kevin Davies is the author of “The Sequence”, a story of the human genome race. He said. 44. “There has been a recent study on perfect pitch, the ability to know the absolute pitch of a musical note, that strongly suggests that is acquired through the inheritance of a single gene.” “That

38、may sound like a clear-cut piece of biological determinism. However, there is a crucial corollary you have to be exposed to early musical training for the ability to materialize. In other words, even in seemingly simple inherited abilities, nurture has a role to play.”And then there is the case quot

39、ed by Venter. Take the example of colon (结肠)cancer. People say there is a gene that predisposes us to the disease. And certainly it runs in families. 45. However, it is only the colon where we find all sorts of toxins and bacteria that provide the harsh circumstances that finally cause that gene to

40、break down and for cancer to spread.In short, it is not a colon cancer gene but a gene that affects our ability to respond to the environment. And that is what human nature is all about.【答案】41. 近十年来，有关基因发现的传闻漫天飞。这些发现称，基因与人的同性恋倾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、艺术鉴赏力等都息息相关。42. 遗传学家现在对生物决定论的攻击是及时的，而且人类的本性远比决定论者想象的更加复杂和迷

41、人。43. 换句话说，如果发现缺少基因的数量可以用来证明基因不能够控制我们的行为，某些人便会利用基因决定论来洗刷他们谋杀和抢劫的罪名。44. 最近有一项关于音调辨别能力的研究，即判断音符绝对音高的能力。该研究结果明显表明完美音高是通过单纯基因遗传获得的。45. 但只有在结肠部位，才能够找到构成病变环境的各种毒素和细菌，它们会导致该基因最终损坏，致使癌细胞扩散。6.单选题The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade b

42、etween nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.The result is assurance. Consumers and producers know that they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use.

43、 Producers and exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them. The result is also a more prosperous, peaceful and accountable economic world. Decisions in the WTO are typically taken by consensus among all member countries and they are approved by members parliaments. Trade friction is

44、 channeled into the WTOs dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries trade policies conform with them. That way, the risk of spites spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers,

45、 the WTOs system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations.At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral (多边的) trading system-are the WTOs agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the worlds trading nations, and approved in their parliaments. These agreements

46、 are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybodys benefit. The agreements were negotiated and signed by governments.

47、 But goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries.26. In the last paragraph, the world “bind” could best be replaced by（ ）.27. Member countries can enjoy all the assurance except（ ）.28. Trade conflict among member countries can be handled（ ）.29. Which of the following statem

48、ents is not true about WTO agreements?30. The author writes this passage to（ ）.问题1选项A.restrictB.connectC.stickD.fasten问题2选项A.greater choice of raw material and finished productsB.security of buying and sellingC.foreign market entranceD.greater choice of components and services问题3选项A.by lowering trad

49、e barriersB.by avoiding political or military conflictC.according to WTOs dispute settlementD.guaranteeing member countries important trade rights问题4选项A.They must be adopted by member countries.B.They must be authorized by members parliaments.C.They must be negotiated and signed by a large majority

50、of trading countries.D.They can ensure that countries trade policies conform with others.问题5选项A.give a brief introduction to WTOB.teach people how to enter into WTOC.show people the advantage of entering WTOD.exemplify the prosperity WTO will bring people【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 词义推测题。定位

51、在文章的最后一段They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybodys benefit.（它们还要求各国政府将贸易政策限制在一致同意的范围内，以惠及所有人。）within agreed limits在一致同意的范围内，这个范围是特定的，也是有界限的。由此A选项“限制；限定”正确。B选项“连接；联合”，C选项“坚持；伸出”，D选项“扣紧，抓住”均不符合题意，故选A。27. 客观细节题。定位在第二段第二句Consumers and producers know that t

52、hey can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use.（消费者和生产者知道，他们可以享受安全的供应和对他们使用的成品、部件、原材料和服务有更多的选择。A选项“更多原材料和成品选择”，B选项“买卖的安全性”，D选项“更多组件和服务的选择”都包括在内。C选项“国外市场入口”并未提及，故选C。28. 客观细节题。由关键词conflict“冲突”定位在第二段Trade friction is chann

53、eled into the WTOs dispute settlement process（贸易摩擦由世界贸易组织协调解决）说明贸易摩擦是由世贸组织来进行协调解决的。由此可知C选项“根据世贸组织的争端解决机制”正确。A选项“贸易堡垒”，B选项“避免政治或军事冲突”，D选项“保障成员国重要的贸易权利”，A，B，D选项与贸易摩擦无关，故选C。29. 推理判断题。定位在文章第三段的第一句At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral(多边的) trading system-are the WTOs agreements, negotiated

54、 and signed by a large majority of the worlds trading nations, and approved in their parliaments.（世贸组织的协定是被称为多边贸易体系的制度的核心，世贸组织的协定由世界上大多数贸易国谈判和签署，并在其议会中获得批准。）A选项“它们必须为成员国所采纳”，B选项“它们必须得到成员议会的授权”，C选项“它们必须由绝大多数贸易国协商和签署”，A，B，C选项都包含在世贸组织协定内。D选项“它们能确保国家贸易政策符合其他国家的贸易政策”，定位在第二段Trade friction is channeled int

55、o the WTOs dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries trade policies conform with them.（贸易摩擦由世界贸易组织协调解决，协调过程主要是解决签订的协议和应尽的义务，并且如何确保成员国遵守相应的贸易政策.）由此可知，能确保国家贸易政策符合其他国家的贸易政策是由WTOs dispute settlement process来达成的，并非WTO agreem

56、ent。故选D。30. 主旨大意题。WTO（世贸组织）是一个处理国家间贸易规则的唯一国际机构，其核心是尽可能确保贸易顺畅、自然和自由地运行以及它的协议。本文主要介绍了世贸组织的功能、作用和影响，所以A选项“世贸组织的简要介绍”正确。B选项“教人们如何加入世贸组织”在文中并未提及。C选项“向人们展示加入世贸组织的好处”只是一部分陈述，概括不了全文。D选项“举例说明世贸组织给人们带来的繁荣”，文中举例部分较少，较为片面。故选A。7.单选题The boy who is talking with your teacher is（ ）an athlete.问题1选项A.anything butB.non

57、e butC.all butD.something but【答案】A【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anything but“根本不；绝不”；B选项none but“只是；仅”；C选项all but“几乎；差不多”；D选项something but没有此类搭配。句意：和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑，故选A。8.单选题Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.（46）a long reading assignment is given, i

58、nstructors expect students to be familiar with the（47）in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The（48）student is considered to be（49）who is motivated to learn for the sake of（50）, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned

59、（51）brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is（52）for learning the material assigned. When research is（53）, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with（54）guidance. It is the（55）responsibility to find books, magazines, a

60、nd articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain（56）a university library works; they expect students,（57）graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference（58）in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but（59）that their students should not be（60）dependent on

61、 them. In the United States professors have many other duties（61）teaching, such as administrative or research work（62）, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is（63）. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either（64）a professor during office ho

62、urs（65）make an appointment.问题1选项A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.Since问题2选项A.suggestionB.contextC.abstractD.information问题3选项A.poorB.idealC.averageD.disappointed问题4选项A.suchB.oneC.anyD.some问题5选项A.funB.workC.learningD.prize问题6选项A.byB.inC.forD.with问题7选项A.criticizedB.innocentC.responsibleD.dismissed问题8选项A.collectedB.distributedC.assignedD.finished问题9选项A.maximumB.minimumC.possibleD.practical问题10选项A.studentsB.professorsC.assistantsD.librarians问题11选项A.whenB.whatC.whyD.how问题12选项A.particularlyB.essentiallyC.obviouslyD.rarely问题13选项A.selectionsB.