考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学考前自测提分卷95(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to st

2、ress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males un

3、der the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stres

4、s. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more

5、 visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The ki

6、nds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18

7、and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to

8、 take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the s

9、train. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs？2.Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women（ ）3.According to Paragraph 4, the s

10、tress women confront tends to be（ ）4.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 4, Para. 5) shows that（ ）5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.B.Men and women show different inclinations when faced

11、with stress.C.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.D.Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.问题2选项A.have limited capacity for tolerating stress.B.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.C.are exposed to more stress.D.are more capable of avoiding stress.问题3选项A.domestic

12、and temporary.B.durable and frequent.C.irregular and violent.D.trivial and random.问题4选项A.Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.C.Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.D.Alvarez paid practically everything by check.问题5选项A.Strain of St

13、ress: No Way Out?B.Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC.Stress Analysis: What Chemicals SayD.Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：根据前两段的内容，下列哪一项是正确的？根据原文第一段的第二句Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in respo

14、nse to stress compared to men（与男性相比，女性在面对压力时特别容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症）以及第二段第一句Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.（对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素会以某种方式影响

15、应激反应，使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。）由此可知，C选项“从生理上来看，女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.判断推理题。题目问的是：Dr. Yehuda的研究表明女性。根据原文第三段第一句Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.（女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外，还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。）由此可知，C选项“会承受更多的压力”正确。因此本题正确答案为C选

16、项。3.细节事实题。题目问的是：根据第四段的内容，女性面临的压力往往是？根据第四段第二句women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.（女性所面临的压力更多是慢性或重复性的性质。）由此可知，B选项的“持久的，频繁的”符合原文表述。A选项“家庭内部的，暂时性的”；C选项“不规律的，暴力的”；D选项“琐碎的，偶然的”均不正确。4.语义推断题。题目问的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根据原文第五段的内容可知，Alvarez作为单身母亲，有很大的生活压力，她要照顾十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租

17、，付汽车费用，还要还债务。由此可见，她的工资早已捉襟见肘，难以支撑家庭开支。选项C与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是：这篇文章最恰当的标题是？本文通过讲述两性在生理以及实际生活中的差异，描述了女性在压力面前的表现，侧重分析了女性压力大的主要原因。A选项没有集中于体现男女之间的差异，因此A选项错误；B选项只是表明男女之间在压力方面存在差异，并未侧重表现女性要面对更多压力；C选项表示只是属于造成压力的其中一个因素，不能概括文章全部内容。因此本题正确答案为D选项。2.单选题Being able to speak two languages fluently is not enoug

18、h for a person to become a（ ）interpreter. Learning how to speak and listen is also essential.问题1选项A.tranquilB.futileC.mercifulD.simultaneous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项tranquil “平静的”；B选项futile“无效的”；C选项merciful“仁慈的”；D选项simultaneous“同时的”。句意：能够流利地说两种语言是不足以让一个人成为同声口译员的。学会说和听也很重要。本句表示同声传译。因此D选项正确。3.单选题David te

19、nds to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to who compete well.问题1选项A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。4.单选题Whether the eyes

20、are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significant

21、ly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them

22、drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decod

23、e meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener f

24、or about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themsel

25、ves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the co

26、nversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1. The author is convinced that the e

27、yes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（ ）.4.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchang

28、ing ideasB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen fro

29、m the sideD.whose face is free of any covering.问题3选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题4选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away fr

30、om each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.” 眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“

31、可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面

32、具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“

33、不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unp

34、redictable pauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。5.单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.ca

35、me to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意为“清醒过来；恢复理性”。句意：当我回过神来，发现自己正裹在小房间的床上，奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。6.单选题Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat（ ）by steam.问题1选项A.towedB.pressedC.tossedD.propelled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项towed“拖，拉”；B选项pressed“按，压”；C选项tossed“抛，扬起”；D选项propelle

36、d“推进，推动”。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们正在制作一艘由蒸汽推动的模型船。本句表示推进船的动力，因此D选项正确。7.单选题Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could（ ）.问题1选项A.descendB.declineC.deteriorateD.depress【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descend“下降”，多指从高处落向低处；B选项decline“衰退”，多指数量，质量或

37、价值的下降；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意：总有一天，软件可以很好地翻译书面语和口语，以至于对通用第二语言的需求可能会减少。这里是指需求减少，所以选项B最恰当。8.单选题Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. Indeed, many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is mu

38、ch too narrow. It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the uses of biomedical technology that stem from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained exercise of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as the unintended ye

39、t often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization goals.Certain desires and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation (复苏) efforts to save the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are s

40、ometimes only partly successful. They succeed in rescuing individuals but those individuals may have severe brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating existence. Such patients found with increasing frequency in the intensive care units of university hospitals, have been denied

41、 a death with dignity. Families are forced to suffer seeing their beloved ones so reduced and are made to bear the burden of a prolonged “death watch”.Even the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the context in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the famili

42、ar surroundings of home or in the company of family and friends. At that time of life when there is perhaps the greatest need for human warmth and comfort, the dying patient is kept company by cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, respirators aspirators, oxygenators, catheters and his intravenous d

43、rip. Ties to the community of men are replaced by attachments to an assemblage of machines.This loneliness, however, is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. Consider the increasing number of old people still alive thanks to medical progress. As a group, the elderly are the most ali

44、enated members of our society. Not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. More and more of them spend for the extra years medicine has given them in “homes for senior citizens”, in hospitals for chronic diseases, and in nursing home w

45、aiting for the end. We have learned how to increase their years, but we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and sternly push back the frontier against death.1. What is the main point of the passage?2.According to the author, biomedical technology（ ）.3.Which

46、 of the following is not true according to paragraph 2?4.By saying “they are shunted aside” (lines 3, para. 4), the author means（ ）.问题1选项A.The problem of restriction of freedom.B.The possible dehumanizing consequence of medical technology.C.The development of biomedical technology.D.The significance

47、 of prolonging humans life.问题2选项A.results in an excessive use of freedomsB.brings little benefits to human beingsC.should not be applied in medical treatmentD.might cause grave negative consequences in its application问题3选项A.Improved medical technology can save extremely severe patient.B.Some patient

48、s, though saved, can no longer lead a normal human life.C.Families often suffer when some patients maintain a vegetating existence.D.To a patient, survival is always better than death.问题4选项A.they are all sent to homes for senior citizensB.they are completely isolated from the outside worldC.they are

49、 treated with extreme indifferenceD.they are shut from their families【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头说到our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization（我们最大的问题将是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下来介绍了医疗技术的发展产生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主题是医疗技术造成的非人性化。因此B选项“医疗技术可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A选项

50、“限制自由的问题”，文章提到这些危险源于过度的自由，可知不是限制自由的问题，所以A错误。C选项“生物医学技术的发展”只说了技术发展的一方面，没有说它带来的后果，所以C错误。D选项“延长人类生命的意义”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三句It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the uses of biomedical technology（它没有意识到我们在使用生物医学技术时将面临的巨大危险），说明生物医学技术可能在使用中产生危险的后果。因此D选项“可能在其应用中造成严重的负面后

51、果”正确。A选项“导致了对自由的过度使用”，由that stem from an excess of freedom（这些危险源于过度的自由）可知是过度的自由导致了生物医学技术带来危害，所以A错误。B选项“对人类几乎没有好处”，文章说到它们成功地拯救了一些个体，可知还是有一定好处的，所以B错误。C选项“不适用于医疗”，文中介绍了生物医学技术在医疗上的应用，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“severe patient”可以定位到第二段第二句Improved methods of resuscitation efforts to save the severely ill and in

52、juredThey succeed in rescuing individuals（改进的复苏方法努力挽救重症病人和重伤患者它们成功地拯救了一些个体），说明改进的医疗技术可以挽救一些重症病人，所以A选项“改进的医疗技术可以挽救极其严重的病人”表述正确。由B选项关键词“normal human life”可以定位到文章第二段第四句They succeed in rescuing individuals but those individuals may have severe brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, veget

53、ating existence.（它们成功地拯救了一些个体，但这些个体可能有严重的脑损伤，只能过一种不像人类那样的植物人生活。），说明有些病人虽然能得救，但不能过上正常人的生活，所以B选项“有些病人虽然得救了，但不能再过正常人的生活了”表述正确。由C选项关键词“Families”可以定位到第二段第六句Families are forced to suffer seeing their beloved ones so reduced（家人被迫忍受他们心爱的人如此堕落的痛苦），说明病人家属们看到病人过着植物人的生活会感到很痛苦，所以C选项“当一些病人维持着植物人的生活时，他们的家人常常会感到痛苦。

54、”表述正确。D选项“对病人来说，活下来总是比死亡好”在第二段中没有提及，所以本题选D选项。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“they are shunted aside”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside.（还没有准备好进入死人的世界，也没有被认为适合活人的世界，他们就被分流到一边。），前一句说到As a group, the elderly are the most alienated mem

55、bers of our society.（老年人是我们社会中最受冷落的群体。），说明老年人很不被重视。因此C选项“他们极度不受重视”正确。A选项“他们都被送到了老人之家”，由文章可知有些老人还被送到了慢性病医院、养老院等地，所以A错误。B选项“他们完全与外部世界隔离”，D选项“他们被家人拒之门外”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。9.单选题（ ）for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Were i

56、t notC.Be it notD.Should it not be【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是公众及时投资，我们公司就不会像现在这样繁荣。由此可知，主句和从句发生的时间不一致，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以用would+动词原形；从句是对过去的虚拟，投资发生在公司繁荣之前，所以应使用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were，可以将if 省略，将助动词提前。这里还原应该是“If it had not been for the timely investment from the general public”，将助动词提前之后就是

57、Had it not been，所以选项A正确。10.单选题The statistics Ive cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional s

58、kills and perhaps valuable experience. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice Presidents Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determin

59、ed to be.Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great

60、 decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the p

61、retensions of life.The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years

62、often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both

63、 their identities and their dreamsand the two were often found in direct conflict.What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: “Is that a