考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷35(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题No sooner had the automobile mechanic entered the room than he began to take off his（）coveralls.问题1选项A.tediousB.hollowC.greasyD.salutary【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。tedious沉闷的；hollow空的、虚伪的；greasy油腻的；salutary有益的。句意：汽车修理工一进入房间就开始脱下他油腻的工作服。根据常识可知

2、选项C符合句意。2.单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度,老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。3.单选题Why does a company want to（1）its money with other people?

3、There are several reasons. First, the company may（2）very well. It may need money to（3）. By selling shares of（4）, the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is（5）for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax（6）, the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on th

4、e stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money（7）However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often（8）. In general, all companies（9）sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to（10）money for one reason or another. Investors（11）buy shares of stock

5、 in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money（12）. Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the（13）. This money that is shared is called a（14）. Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months

6、while they（15）the stock. A second way that investors may（16）is to sell the stock at a higher price than they（17）of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also（19）for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a（20）.问题1选项A.distractB.permeateC.share

7、D.recede问题2选项A.have doneB.be doingC.doD.have been doing问题3选项A.perplexB.dominateC.integrateD.expand问题4选项A.utilitiesB.contributionsC.earningsD.laws问题5选项A.toB.forC.onD.from问题6选项A.complexB.essentialC.comprehensiveD.understandable问题7选项A.whatB.thatC.whichD.while问题8选项A.locateB.admitC.proclaimD.raise问题9选项A.

8、stakeB.stockC.stalkD.stack问题10选项A.potentialB.advantageousC.sensitiveD.actual问题11选项A.whoB.whichC.untilD.if问题12选项A.by mistakeB.to dateC.on earthD.right away问题13选项A.observerB.directorC.investorD.instructor问题14选项A.tuitionB.postageC.tipD.dividend问题15选项A.offerB.ownC.convinceD.equip问题16选项A.sell moneyB.shar

9、e moneyC.take moneyD.make money问题17选项A.confrontedB.extractedC.spilledD.paid问题18选项A.priceB.investmentC.costD.value问题19选项A.tighten upB.stock upC.go upD.stir up问题20选项A.profitB.benefitC.awardD.input【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:D第17题:D第18题:A第19

10、题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）distract转移,分心,一般与介词from搭配；permeate渗透；share分享,常与介词with搭配；recede退去,减弱。根据原文：为什么一个公司想要和其他人分享它的资金呢?选项C更符合原文。（2）may是情态动词,后面接be动词或动词原形。根据后面的well可知,本题还考查doing well的搭配。选项B正确。（3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占优势； integrate 一体化；expand扩张。句意：它可能需要资金来扩张。选项D符合。（4）shares of stock股票,股份。为固定搭配。（5）这里为形式主语的结构

11、。句意：有时,由于税收原因,上市对公司是有利的。（6）句意：根据税法的规定,公司可以通过在证券交易所出售股票来节省税款。Tax laws指税收的法律。（7）考查固定搭配。owe to为固定搭配,指“欠.”，这里指公司可能欠银行很多钱。（8）根据下文“for one reason or another”这样或者那样的原因,说明公司在证券交易所出售股票的原因往往很复杂。选项A符合原文。（9）句子结构完整,说明不缺成分,that在这里引导的是同位语从句,不充当任何成分,解释说明company。（10）根据上文“By selling shares of stock, it may be able to

12、 pay the banks.”通过出售股票,它也许能够支付欠银行的钱。所以这里应该是筹集资金。选项D正确。（11）先行词是investors,表人用who来引导从句。（12）by mistake错误的； to date迄今为止；on earth究竟,到底； right away立刻,马上。根据原文：购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱。他们可能会马上开始赚钱。选项D符合原文。（13）根据上文,假设一个人投资了一家公司,这家公司赚了钱,公司应该会与这位投资者分享这笔钱,选项C正确。（14）tuition学费； postage邮费；tip小费；dividend红利,股息。显然选项D更符合原文

13、。句意：这些被分享的钱叫做红利。（15）own拥有,持有,这里根据投资者指持有的股票进行分红。（16）根据上文“Investors who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways.”购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱,前面介绍了一种赚钱方式,这里应该是第二种赚钱的方式。选项D符合原文。（17）根据原文：投资者可能赚钱的第二种方式是以高于买入时的价格卖出股票。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文：如果公司业绩好,每股股票的价格就会上涨。选项A符合原文。（19）根据上下文均出现了go up可知,此处也应为go up,

14、选项C符合原文,指价格上涨。（20）make a profit为固定搭配,指获利,盈利。句意：当价格上涨时,人们可能会卖掉它并从中获利。4.单选题When it comes to the truth of the case, his（）answer is “no comment”.问题1选项A.invariableB.investigativeC.invalidD.invasive【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。invariable不变的,始终如一的；investigative调查研究的；invalid无效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：说到案件的真相,他始终如一的回答是“无可奉告”。选项A

15、符合句意。5.单选题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they w

16、ould have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1

17、910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the

18、 most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the

19、events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith persisted and experimented as well with other elements which have become standard ever since.Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immens

20、ely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues. As his success mounted, his ambitions grew. When he mad

21、e a new movie in 1911, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hours running time. Griffiths introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immen

22、se revolution.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（）2.The author suggests that Griffiths film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following except （）3.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was （）4.It can be inferred that Griffith would

23、 be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?5.The authors attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best described as（）问题1选项A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinemaB.describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing

24、innovationsC.document Griffiths impact on the choice of subject matter in American filmsD.deplore the state of American cinema before the Griffith问题2选项A.film editingB.scene composingC.camera workD.sound editing问题3选项A.15minutes or lessB.between 30 and 45 minutesC.between 15 and 30 minutesD.one hour o

25、r more问题4选项A.The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.B.The most important element contributing to a films success is the ability of the actors.C.The camera should be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film.D.The cinema should emphasize s

26、erious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.问题5选项A.sympatheticB.indifferentC.nostalgicD.condescending【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者意图题。文章第一段第一句就提到“Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith.”电影艺术的成熟是David W.

27、 Griffith的个人成就, 接下来全文主要讲Griffith对电影事业的发展做出的贡献, 也就是讲述其重要性。所以选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。文章第一段主要讲述了拍摄技巧上的创新, 顺便也提到了场景组合, 所以选项B、C正确；第二段主要讲述了视频剪辑的创新, 所以选项A也正确, 第三段提到的是电影语言而不是声音的处理, 所以选项D不正确。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段后半部分的内容：1911年, Griffith拍摄了一部新电影, 他坚持认为一个重要的主题不能用当时传统的一卷胶卷的长度来处理。所以这部电影达到了前所未有的四卷, 即一小时的放映时间。格里菲斯引进的美国制作的多卷电影开始了一

28、场巨大的革命。由此推断, 1910年以前, 电影正常放映的时间是一个胶卷的时间, 4个胶卷为1个小时, 所以1个胶卷的时间为15分钟, 选项A正确。4.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有合理的论据；文中没有涉及到演员对电影的重要性, 所以选项B错误；选项D电影应该强调对人类基本问题的严肃而冷静的审视, 在文中也没有相关论据可以证明, 所以错误。选项C摄影应该被认为是电影创作中不可或缺的积极因素, 符合原文。5.观点态度题。sympathetic同情的；indifferent漠不关心的；nostalgic怀旧的；condescending谦逊的。根据第一段的第二句“Before Griffith, p

29、hotography.”作者只是很平淡的讲述这一事实, 没有任何带感情色彩的褒义或者贬义词, 所以作者的态度是谦逊的, 选项D正确。6.单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case（）very little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。makes up for补偿,弥补；adds up to合计,总计；comes up with提出,赶上；puts up with容忍,忍受。句意：我们收集

30、到的关于那个案子的所有资料都没有什么结果。选项C符合句意。7.翻译题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct the meaning of the word has never been clear. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of h

31、igh intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school.

32、It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be

33、 sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.【答案】“智力”充其量只是一个假设性的概念, 因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。人们对智力所指的不同表现, 比对这些表现如何解释或分类, 看法更为一致, 但是一般认为智力好的人是能够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数车符号来解决问题的人。智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童的学习能力, 尤其是学习学校所要求的不同知识的能力。智力测验并不测定人的品格、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才

34、能。批评智力测试不反映上述情况, 就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们就必须确保在对我们的对象迸行比较时, 我们所使用尺度能提供“有效的”；或“公平的”比较。8.单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimatel

35、y affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about how mu

36、ch to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us

37、 for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own

38、personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that on

39、e way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through mi

40、lling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining

41、 and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible p

42、hysical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We may infer from the context that the wo

43、rd “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Economic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic factors are major concerns in governmen

44、ts decisions about some policies.C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the productive process.问题2选项A.surroundB.encloseC.encircleD.include问题3选项A.production and consum

45、ptionB.governments policyC.activities that make goods available to peopleD.consequences of war and peace.问题4选项A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.C.All that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from natur

46、e.D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who are discriminated against.问题5选项A.Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights are excluded from economic factors.B.Each topic in economics deals with th

47、e way society produces and uses goods and services.C.Government policies determine the link between the resources of nature and needs of the consumer.D.A housewife cannot pick a loaf of bread off the grocers shelf unless there is a good harvest.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“.affec

48、t the way we live.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions.”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施, 但是也 服务。选项D包括, 与原文encompass意思最相近。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句

49、“., is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive.”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human

50、 history.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“job discrimination, .and those who are not.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent b

51、ody of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。9.单选题There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees（）what constitutes a benefit to an individual.问题1选项A.onB.withC.toD.in【答案】A【解析】介词搭配题。agree on sth.在某一点上取得一致意见,同意某事；agree with sb.同意.，和.意见一致；agree to do sth.同意,接受，允诺；agree in+动名词，在.方面意见一致。句意：科学家和医学界有一种错误的假设，即人们对福利问题都持一致的观点。选项A正确。10.单选题That terrible noise is（）me mad.问题1选项A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配题。drive sb.使某人.。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了。