考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考前自测提分卷2(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考前自测提分卷2(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考前自测提分卷2(含答案详解）（6页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Its often a mistake to （ ）appearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor.问题1选项A.go overB.go byC.go againstD.go for【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go over“复习，检查”；B选项go by“（时间）流逝，遵循，遵照，以判断”；C选项go against“违背，作对”；D选项go for“适用于”。根据配a

2、ppearance（外貌，外观）可知B选项符合逻辑，go by appearance表示“以貌取人”。句意：以貌取人往往是不准确的：那个看起来很穷的人根本不穷。2.单选题You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. What you now see appears to drift upward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of

3、 reality to signals from the bodys sensors and interpreting what must be happening that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains abou

4、t 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every c

5、one can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times, per second along the optic nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than

6、 it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.Like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. When day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet

7、T.S. Eliot called “the violet hour” A light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the gardens blue flowers.However, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sun

8、set, and youll still see it in its “true” color white, not red. Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of ligh

9、t and shade of color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina, about as wide and as thick as a post

10、age stamp. As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”1.Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is（ ）.2.The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades

11、 of color is called（ ）.3.The retina send pulses to the brain（ ）.4.Twenty-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because（ ）.5.The authors purpose in writing the passage lies in（ ）.问题1选项A.matched to six to seven million structures called conesB.confused in the bodys sens

12、ors of both rods and conesC.interpreted in the brain as what must be the caseD.signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye问题2选项A.conesB.color visionC.rodsD.spectrum问题3选项A.in short wavelengthsB.as color picturesC.by a ganglion cellD.along the optic nerve问题4选项A.the image we see usually stays longer

13、than it actually appearsB.we see an object in comparison with its surroundingsC.the eyes catch million pieces of information continuouslyD.rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second问题5选项A.showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyesB.informing us about the different functions of

14、the eye organsC.regretting that we are too slow in the study of eyesD.marveling at the great work done by the retina【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodys sensors and inter

15、preting what must be happening（这些视觉错觉之所以出现，是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配，并解释即将发生的事情）可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors（在理想条件下，每个视锥都能“看到”整个彩虹光谱的可见色）可知选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Rods and cones send their messages pulsing

16、 an average 20 to 25 times, per second along the optic nerve.（视杆和视锥沿着视觉神经以平均20到25次的脉冲传递信息）可知D选项“沿视觉神经”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking ou

17、r eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.（我们看到一个图像的时间比它实际出现的时间要长一秒。在电影中，静止的图像以每秒24帧的速度投射到屏幕上，使我们的眼睛误以为看到的是一幅连续不断运动的画面）可知A选项“我们看到的图像通常比实际显示的要长”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了视网膜中的视杆和视锥细胞，视杆细胞主要负责夜视，视锥细胞主要负责颜色，因此B选项“告诉我们眼睛器官的不同功能”符合题意。3.单选题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific disc

18、overies have come about（ ）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。4.单选题Of the great variety of opinions concerning

19、“marriage for money”，the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditi

20、ons where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection so that a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this develop

21、ment is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the off

22、spring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society does not insist upon the couples equal social status a condition, however, that provides a great deal of latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may

23、 be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutions, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the

24、 chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree and complement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It therefore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual

25、 affection. Yet personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly du

26、e, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Yet we do not possess any other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purel

27、y personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts no m

28、atter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selection. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia th

29、e indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing t

30、o do with racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong togetherand it should be considered as a factor in degeneration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and m

31、ore important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable as a mediator of purely individual relationships.1.According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability in simpler culture

32、s?2.Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in what strata of society?3.The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because（ ）.4.How is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?5.Panmixia is said to（ ）.问题1选项A.Personal dign

33、ityB.Economic declineC.Monetary considerationsD.Financial growth问题2选项A.UpperB.MiddleC.LowerD.Lowest问题3选项A.we demand too much of our partnersB.partners dont give complimentsC.people are too differentiated sociallyD.the economic disparity in many regions is growing问题4选项A.They fuel mutual instinctual a

34、ttraction.B.They inspire individual responsibilities.C.They deflect superficial relationships.D.They prohibit suitable marriages.问题5选项A.aid the selection processB.complement individualizationC.inspire positive resultsD.set up biological decline【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Marriag

35、es based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all.（完全基于经济动机的婚姻不仅存在于所有时期和发展的所有阶段，而且在原始群体和根本不构成犯罪的条件下尤其普遍）可知经济因素影响婚姻的兼容性和稳定性，因此C选

36、项“货币因素”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts（官方坚持至少假装爱可能会误导人，这是没有说服力的理由的尤其是在高层，他们复杂的环境常常

37、阻碍最纯粹本能的发展）可推测以金钱愿望为动机的婚姻在社会的高层，更可能伪装，相反，在社会的最低层，最不可能伪装，因此选D。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding

38、 a completely sympathetic complement to themselves.（在高度文明的文化环境中随处可见的结婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很难找到一个完全与符合自己的互补）可知结婚率下降的部分原因是很难找到与自己互补的人，说明人们之间的差异大，因此C选项“人们在社会上的差异太大”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with

39、 racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together（在为钱而结婚的情况下，一对夫妇的结合是由一个与种族适当性完全无关的因素决定的，就像对金钱的重视常常会使真正属于一对夫妇的人分开一样）可知D选项“他们阻止合适的婚姻”符合题意。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia the indiscriminate pai

40、ring regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species.（为钱而结婚直接造成了一种无差别的情况不分个人素质的不分青红皂白的配对生物学已经证明，这种情况是导致人类物种最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D选项“引发生物衰退”符合题意。5.单选题As we are on the point of some important b

41、usiness with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit（ ）.问题1选项A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transmit“传送，输送，发射”；B选项transfer“转移，搬迁，调动”；C选项transact“（与人或组织）做业务，做交易”；D选项transport“运送，运输”。由credit（信用）可知C选项符合语境，credit transacting表示“信用交易”。句意：由于我们正与他们

42、进行一些重要的交易，我们想确切地了解他们的信用交易情况。6.单选题We have done all we could and now our cherished project is（ ）our new CEO.问题1选项A.on the agenda ofB.in the power ofC.under the guidance ofD.with the guidance of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the agenda of“列入会议议程的”；B选项in the power of“受支配，在的控制下”；C选项under the guidance of“在的指导下”；D选

43、项with the guidance of“在的指导下”，作伴随状语表原因。由project（项目）与CEO（执行总裁）之间的关系可知项目应处于CEO的控制下较符合逻辑搭配。句意：我们已经竭尽所能，现在我们珍视的项目掌握在新任CEO的手中。7.单选题A cobweb glistening with dew seems as（ ）as it is lovely.问题1选项A.fragileB.frigidC.stridentD.tedious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B选项frigid“严寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C选项strident“刺耳的”；D

44、选项tedious“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又_，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，因此选A。句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱又可爱。8.单选题A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it（ ）in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.问题1选项A.reflectsB.re

45、tainsC.radiatesD.rouses【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reflect“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；B选项retain“保持”；C选项radiate“辐射，发射”；D选项rouse“唤醒，激起（某种情感）”。句中的it 指代前面的sunset，根据语境，可知选D，表示“the emotion that it rouses（日落激起的情感）”。句意：一个年轻人看到日落，无法理解或表达它在他心中激起的情感，他得出结论，日落想必是通往遥远世界的大门。9.单选题The（ ）language of local officials makes them seem very ig

46、norant and rude.问题1选项A.artificialB.livelyC.indecentD.humorous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项artificial“人工的，人造的”；B选项lively“精力充沛的，生气勃勃的”；C选项indecent“不得体的，不合适的，粗鄙的”；D选项humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由very ignorant and rude（非常无知和粗鲁）可知地方官员的语言应该是“不得体的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官员的不得体语言使他们显得非常无知和粗鲁。10.单选题Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customers（ ）limit.问题1选项A.creditB.currencyC.checkD.certificate【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项credit“借贷，贷款，信誉”；B选项currency“货币”；C选项check“支票”；D选项certificate“证明，证明书”。根据limit（限制，限额）可知A选项符合语境。句意：销量下降和管理费用上升迫使公司审查每个客户的信贷限额。