考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考前自测提分卷40(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Our army succeeded in （ ）the advancing enemy.问题1选项A.retrievingB.revengingC.resentingD.repelling【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索，恢复”；B选项revenge“报复，替复仇”；C选项resent“怨恨，愤恨”；D选项repel“击退，抵制”。由关键词“our army”和“the advancing enemy前进的敌军”，

2、可知空格部分意思可能为“击退，打退”，句意为：我军成功击退前进的敌军。选项D符合题意。2.单选题The boy was so（ ） in the game that he didnt notice her mother standing behind him.问题1选项A.attractedB.suffocatedC.immersedD.submerged【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so

3、.that.句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed (in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。3.单选题Hardly （ ）the helicopter （ ）when the waiting crowd ran towards it.问题1选项A.had.landedB.has.landedC.would.landD.was.landing【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是条件状语从句中的部分倒装用法。当hardly位于句首时，这个时间条件状语从句的主句必须采取倒装的表达，即将had提到

4、句子主语前。因为主句的动作是发生在从句的动作之前，故主句用过去完成时态，而从句使用一般过去时。句意为：直升飞机一降落，一旁等待的士兵就冲了上来。故选项A正确。4.单选题The judge doesnt know whether the witness is telling the truth, but he will （ ）it.问题1选项A.identifyB.enforceC.distinguishD.verify【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项identify“认出，鉴定”，多用于在众多物品中选出某一特定物品；B选项enforce“强迫，强化”；C选项distingui

5、sh“区别，辨别”；D选项verify“证实，查证，核实”。本句是but连接两个并列句子，根据前面的意思“法官不知道证人说的是否是真话”，推测后面空格部分填入的动词意思应该是“证实，证明”，5.单选题The prisoner was （ ）of his civil liberty for three years.问题1选项A.dischargedB.derivedC.deprivedD.dispatched【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharge“解雇、卸下”；B选项derive“源于、得自”；C选项deprive“剥夺”；D选项dispatch“派遣、分派”。dep

6、rive sb. of sth.短语有“剥夺某人某物之意”，这里根据句子结构，主语是prisoner“罪犯”，宾语是“civil liberty公民自由”，可知空格部分单词意思为“剥夺”，并且是被动语态的结构，句意为：罪犯被剥夺三年公民自由权利。故正确答案选C。6.单选题 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and

7、 the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distan

8、ce that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal po

9、sition for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, a

10、nd select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are.

11、The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unau

12、thorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biograph

13、ies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1. In this passage, the author focuses on （ ）.2. Which of the following statements is true, according

14、to the passage?3. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.4. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ） .5. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper

15、 perspective to do his jobB.the characteristics of different kinds of biographiesC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biographyD.the secret of a biographer to win more readers问题2选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized b

16、y the subject.C.No one can write a perfect biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.问题3选项A.the best biographies are the ones of heroes and famous figuresB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersD.biograph

17、ies can serve different purpose问题4选项A.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects characterB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly问题5选项A.knows

18、the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectC.is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题

19、:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“There is no ideal position for such a task.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Every position has strengths and weaknesses每一

20、种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographies of Jesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段

21、第四句“the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. 这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world,

22、adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is authorized by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. 在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题授

23、权，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。7.翻译题 Building a degree of transportation and inventory cost ambiguity into the system design will allow one to estimate high and low values for these costs, with the comfort that costs will come in between these worst and be

24、st cases. Global sourcing systems are also dynamic creatures, subject to change and improvement over time. It is essential that the performance of the sourcing system be monitored by all parties to the partnership to maintain its common focus. Several additional items should be considered whenever i

25、nternational sourcing is an alternative for a firm: possible use of child labor, changing tariff structures, foreign trade zones, exporting for assembly in bond, and counter trade.【答案】 在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能

26、进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。8.单选题It is the first time that he （ ）the school regulation.问题1选项A.is going to violateB.has violatedC.violatesD.violated【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查的是同位语从句中的动词时态问题。It is the first time that.这个句子结构中，使用动词的现在完成时，表示对于过去经历的总结，句意为：这是他第一次违

27、反学校规则。故选项B符合题意。9.单选题The earnings of women are well below that of men （ ）educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.问题1选项A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educatio

28、nal differences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。10.单选题 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inqui

29、res into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly

30、 from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent a

31、mong the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficie

32、nt evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its

33、“facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion

34、 of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightnes

35、s of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also viol

36、ates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events

37、 of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point

38、 of the text?2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as（ ） .4. The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (Last Line, Paragraph 3) in quotation marks most

39、 probably in order to（ ） .5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B.Traditional historians can be

40、nefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her dai

41、ly life.问题2选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.B.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.C.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in the adult life of

42、 a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.问题3选项A.a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiableB.an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the r

43、ole of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rareC.an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete unitsD.a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events问题4选项A.sign

44、al her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistoriansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians

45、claims from her opinion of their method问题5选项A.make general statements without reference to specific examplesB.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.question the adequacy of the psychohistorians interpretation of eventsD.point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians ap

46、plication of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲了心理历史学家研究历史的方法特点和与传统历史研究的对比。因此选项A“心理历史学家的历史研究方法虽然缺乏传统历史方法的严谨性和可验证性，但目前仍是一种流行的研究方法。”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and prese

47、nt, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。”由此可知C选项“过去和现在的事件都放置在同样的确定模式里”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates

48、all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。” 由此可知D选项“一种封闭的、不可改变的心理法则似乎塑造了事件的记录”正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians, convinced of the ab

49、solute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家相信他们自己的理论是绝对正确的，也相信他们的理论是对任何事件的最深刻的解释，其他的解释都不符合事实。”由此可知作者对心理历史学家关于他们工作的说法的准确性持保留态度。因此选项A正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由最后一段中“Instead of res

50、pecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不考虑过去的特殊性，而将所有过去和现在的事件并入一个单一的确定模式，而这种模式在所有的时间和情况下被假设是正确的。”对应知A项“在不提具体例子的情况下做总体的陈述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“And it violates th

51、e basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. 且它违反了历史方法的基本原则，即历史学家应该留意将会否定他们论点的反面事例”知B项“描述了传统历史学家所使用的一些标准”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确，也确信他们的理论的解释是对任何事件的最深入的解释，从而也确信其他解释缺乏真理”知C项“质疑心理历史学家对事件解释的适当性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中没有提及的D项“指出心理历史学家在应用他们的方式上的不一致”正确。