必修五Unit_1____Grammar_focus

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1、Unit 1 Grammar focus过去分词作定语或表语一、基本形式和意义：过去分词是动词的一种非限定形式。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。过去分词表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词具有双重性：一方面有动词的性质；另一方面相当于形容词。在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。I 过去分词作定语：（1）意义：过去分词含有被动和完成的意思，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成（2）在句中的位置：A单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面。the affected people 受感染的人 a broken heart 一颗破碎的心 a los

2、t dog 丧家之犬 a risen sun 已升起的太阳a broken glass 被打破的玻璃B过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。People exposed to cholera = people who was exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jack = the book which was recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year特别提示：A有些词像left剩下的,

3、 given（所给的）, concerned（有关的） 等，习惯上作后置定语，如 standing room left the people concerned 有关人士 the book given 所给的书籍B当过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those等时，通常放在其后。如：There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper)

4、 interested him.Isthereanythingunsolved? 3)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。1. The stolen bike belongs to Jack.=_2. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection. =_4）过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：a.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表被动b时间关系上不同：现在分词表动作正在进行；过去分词表动作已经完成Translation works：the changing world_ t

5、he changed world_ boiled water _ boiling water _fading flowers _ faded flowers _ a developing country _ a developed country_a drowning man_ a drowned man _falling leaves _ fallen leaves _注：及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe

6、 problem being discussedII. 过去分词做表语（predicative）1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared more satisfied with my work.常见作表语的过去分词有： disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confus

7、ed, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried等。 2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别（ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别）The result of the test is disappointing. I feel disappointed with the result of the test.注意：过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.E

8、xercises1.Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.1. I had nothing to do. I was _ (bore) and lonely.2. Jack looked even more _ (amaze) than he felt.3. The results were very _(disappoint).4. I was thanked by the _ (satisfy) customer.5. The girl _ (dress) in red is my daughter.6.

9、Last Monday our class went on an _ (organise) trip.2.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C

10、. paid D. to pay 3.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun4._ English is different from _ English in many ways.A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, write5.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying6.Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring