2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题44（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering （ ） to foreign investors.问题1选项A.incentivesB.abundancesC.warriorsD.outnumbers【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。incentives 刺激，鼓励;abundances 大量，充足；warriors 武士，勇士； outnumbers 数量多于，比. 多。句意: 他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来 该地区的经济增长。 故A项符合句意。2

2、. 单选题Sometimes in drawing and designing the sign X（ ）the unknown number.问题1选项A.facilitatesB.fascinatesC.denotesD.jots【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。facilitate 使容易，推动；fascinate 使着迷，使神魂颠倒；denote 指示，表示；jot 略记，摘要记录下来。句意: 有时候, 在绘制和设计中, X（ ） 未知的数字。因此, C选项符合句意。3. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into

3、heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。4. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have （ ）supplies of petroleum.问题1选项A.sufficientB.efficientC.potentialD.pro

4、ficient【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。sufficient足够的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潜在的，可能的；proficient熟练的，精通的。空格处应该为一个形容词修饰supplies of petroleum（石油供应），根据前面部分“The European Union countries were once worried（欧盟国家曾一度担心）”可知，此处应表示“充足的石油供应”，因此A项符合句意。句意：欧盟国家曾一度担心他们没有充足的石油供应。5. 单选题The local residents were unhappy about the c

5、urfew in this region and decided to（ ）it.问题1选项A.disgraceB.disguiseC.defyD.distress【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。disgrace 玷污；disguise 假装，伪装；defy 不服从，公然反抗；distress 使悲痛，使穷困；句意:当地居民对该地区的宵禁不满意,决定（ ） 。选项C符合句意。6. 翻译题Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-b

6、eing. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also envi

7、ronmental and sociopolitical impacts detract from well-being.For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, convertin

8、g, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs

9、to secondary status energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.【答案】参考译文：要理

10、解这种转变，需要考察一下能源和人类幸福之间的双重关系。从积极的方面来看，能源促进了人类幸福，不但服务了经济生产，而且为人类提供了消费服务，如供热和照明等。但另一方面，能源的成本却破坏了人类的幸福，它不但包括投入开采和应用能源的资金和其他资源，而且包括能源对环境和社会政治所造成的影响。在人类历史的大部分时间里，其主要关注的是能源和幸福关系的积极方面，能源短缺或者是更为常见的是在开采、转化和分配能源的技术和组织上的不足减少了能源的积极作用，从而产生能源使用的不便，能源使用权利被剥夺，其发展也受到限制。20世纪70年代是一个转折点。此前的几十年中能源的资金成本一直保持稳定甚至有所下降，环境和社会政治

11、成本在屈居几十年的次要地位之后，能源在各个方面的成本都在增加。能源使用代价过高的危害可以同能源短缺的危害相提并论。也有可能出现提供某些能源供应所付出的代价要大于获得的利益这种情况。7. 单选题The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.al

12、mighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abstract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。8. 单选题An archaeologist has to pay much attention to（ ）details of an unearthed object.问题1选项A.miserableB.minusC.minuteD.moist【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。C项minute （极小的，微小的）与句中details(细节)搭配合理。9. 单选

13、题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock p

14、rice remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by

15、 over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings r

16、atio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, la

17、rgely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a

18、range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same a

19、rea it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $7. 40 per sh

20、are (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant，(line3，Para.1)canbebestpar

21、aphrasedas（ ） .3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominentB.terribleC.un

22、changedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business have continue

23、d to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down【答案】第1题:A第2题

24、:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even falls（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格交易),对应第三段中的tra

25、ding at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36.

26、10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。10. 单选题The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring re

27、minder that in todays world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psycholog

28、ical warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether its a massive attack or a

29、 single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare arent limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts

30、 are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of

31、 fear that is incommensurate with the actual threaten, says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your

32、impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person ” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isnt what you do, but its how its covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage cri

33、sis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U. S. hostages were eventually released unharmed，but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as ea

34、ch evenings newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the groups power rather than an ind

35、ividual criminal act. “You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “ The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities. Psychia

36、trist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U. S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because its the only tactic they have available to them. “They dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mig

37、hty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping, says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with k

38、illing 1,000 of the enemy, Haroun tells WebM D. “You havent really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, youve achieved a lot of demoralization.1.Which of the following statements is NOT among

39、the reasons that change the rules of psychological warfare?（ ）2.According to Richard Bulliet, why does publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself”?（ ）3.The Iranian hostage crisis shows that（ ） .4.The randomness and the ubiquity of the terrorist acts bring to the pub

40、lic the impression that（ ）.问题1选项A.Break the morale of their opponent.B.Advances in technology.C.The popularity of the Internet.D.Prosperity of media.问题2选项A.Because psychological terrorism is a tactic.B.Because terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C.Because the use

41、of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D.Because publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threa问题3选项A.the impact of psychological terror relies largely on how the acts are publicizedB.there are various ways to have the impact of psycholog

42、ical terrorC.the American media is effectiveD.the ways determines the effect问题4选项A.the terrorists are exerting total power over their captivesB.the threat is a collective demonstration of the groups powerC.the terrorists are powerful and pervasiveD.the force becomes generalized rather than personali

43、zed【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词psychological warfare定位至第二段第一句, 紧接着后面就提出了原因, advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet 和 proliferation of news coverage,分别对应选项B，C，D，只有选项A没有提及。2.细节题。根据题干关键词Richard Bulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主义的策略就是创造一种和实际并不相符的恐惧氛围。3.细节题。根据题干关键词Iranian hostage cr

44、isis定位至第六段。 选项D与第六段第四句重现。4.细节题。根据题干关键词The randomness and the ubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：这种威胁的随机性和普遍性给人的印象是其破坏能力大大增强。因此选项C正确。11. 单选题I was entrusted to（ ）to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.问题1选项A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。contribute to a newspaper article意思是“

45、给报纸写文章投稿”。12. 单选题I would never have（ ） a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。resorted to 与a court搭配，意为诉诸法庭。13. 单选题The protests were part of their（ ）against the proposed building development in the area.问题1选项A.commissionB.c

46、ommitmentC.conventionD.campaign【答案】D【解析】语义题。commission 授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention 习俗，惯例。campaign 运动, 战役。根据句中protests，part of推测, D项campaign符合句意。14. 单选题The two countries have developed a（ ）relation and increased a great deal in foreigntrade.问题1选项A.managerialB.lethalC.metricD.cordial【答案】D【解析】形

47、容词辨析题。managerial 管理的；lethal 致命的；metric 米制的，公制的；cordial 热忱的，诚恳的。句意: 两国发展了（ ）关系，对外贸易增加了很多。只有cordial符合逻辑和句意。15. 单选题It is apparent that winning the scholarship is （ ）of ones intelligence in the field of physics.问题1选项A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。parallelism 平行，对应；alliterati

48、on 头韵；testimony 证词，证明；rhythm 节奏，韵律。句意:获得奖学金应该是一个人智力的 。故C项符合句意。16. 单选题They admitted that they shared the same（ ）on the matter.问题1选项A.PotentialityB.sentimentC.postscriptD.subscription【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。potentiality 潜能，潜力；sentiment 情操，情感；postscript 附言，后记；subscription 订金；捐献。shared the same后接选项D, 表示在这件事上出相同

49、的订金。17. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2)

50、Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online18. 单选题Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many peoples views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African

51、 Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing

52、 champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger （趾高气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U. S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath

53、letic career ended and he developed Parkinsons disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam followingthe September 11 terrorist attacks.W. E. B. Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massachusetts native was on

54、e of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis” magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps hi

55、s most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk,” published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20th century would be the problem of the color-line. Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.

56、 He spearheaded (带头，做先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans attitudes toward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and b

57、lack nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965. Interest in the leadersurged again after Spike Lees 1992 movie “Malcolm X” was released.Jackie Robinson In 1947, J

58、ackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted i

59、nto the Baseball Hall of Fame.1.Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?2.The italicized word “prolific” (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?4.What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?5.Whic

60、h of the following can be a title of the passage?问题1选项A.He never served in the army.B.He learned to fight at an early age.C.His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D.He loves peace.问题2选项A.smartB.skilledC.productiveD.pioneering问题3选项A.W . E . B . Du Bois was engaged in the cause of p

61、romoting the status of colored people.B.Jackie Robinson was denied by U. S. major baseball leagues throughout his life.C.Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D.Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his dea

62、th.问题4选项A.Each achieved enormous success in his / her field and was highly recognized.B.Each was devoted to his / her cause but didnt win recognition until death.C.All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D.All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.问题5选项A.Life of Famous African AmericansB.Influence of Famous African AmericansC.Political Pioneers: Icons and IntellectualsD.Cultura