2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题10（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题To impress a future employer one should dress neatly, be（ ） , and display interest in the job.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 swift “迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项 instant “立即的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项 timely “及时的”；D选项 punctual “按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应

2、穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。2. 单选题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs（ ）it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.问题1选项A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 render “致使”；B选项 reckon “计算；认为，把看作”；C选项 regard “看待，认为”；D选项 rela

3、te “有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。3. 单选题Mechanization has gradually（ ）many of the ranching and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.问题1选项A.disposedB.eliminatedC.discardedD.terminated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: dispos

4、ed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discarded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很少吸引到工业。结合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。4. 单选题In the end they came to the conclusion that the evidence produced by the plaintiff was（ ）.问题1选项A.scarceB.rareC.scantyD.deficient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:

5、scarce “罕见的；供不应求的”；B: rare “稀罕的”；C: scanty “（大小或数量）不足的，欠缺的；太少的”；D: deficient “缺乏的；有缺陷的”。句意：最后，他们得出的结论是：原告提供的证据不足。此处表达的是证据不足，C符合语境，为正确答案。5. 单选题We sincerely hope you will soon be（ ）to health.问题1选项A.restoredB.recoveredC.returnedD.renewed【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。restore （to） “恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状

6、”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。6. 单选题The negotiations have（ ）again, and the representatives have all been called back.问题1选项A.broken outB.broken offC.broken throughD.broken into【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: break out “突然发生，爆发” ；B: break off“（使）脱离；停止；中断”；C: break through “突破”；D: break into“闯进”。句意：谈判又中断了，代表们都被召

7、回了。结合语境，B为正确答案。7. 单选题In fact, the U.S Congress（ ）to the British Parliament as they both have the right to make laws.问题1选项A.agreesB.correspondsC.matchesD.coincides【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: agree “同意”；B: corresponds (to) “相当于”；C: match “匹配”；D: ; coincide “一致”。句意：事实上，美国国会相当于英国议会，因为它们在制定法律方面权力相同。此处使用固定搭配coin

8、cide with，故B为正确答案。8. 单选题Under the reign of the dictatorial powers, all the periodicals to which the library（ ）must be scrutinized by a committee of censorship.问题1选项A.subscribesB.contributesC.subtractsD.rakes【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribe to “预订，同意，订阅”。句意：在独裁政权统治下，图书馆订阅的所有期刊都必须接受审查委员会的审查。根据句意可知A为正确答案。9. 单

9、选题The（ ）of the apartment to his office was an advantage on rainy days.问题1选项A.vicinityB.neighborhoodC.surroundingsD.confines【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: vicinity “附近，邻近；附近地区” ；B: neighborhood “地区；某地区的人”；C: surroundings “（周围的）环境事物；环境”；D: confines “境界；限度；范围”。句意：这公寓离他的办公室很近，在雨天时是一大优势。根据语境可知A为正确答案。10. 单选题The env

10、elope arrived with the old address（ ）, and the new one written alongside it.问题1选项A.left outB.crossed outC.cutoutD.fallen【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: left out“遗漏；忽略”；B: crossed out“勾掉，划掉”；C: cut out“停止；裁剪”；D: fallen“倒下”。句意：信封上的旧地址划掉了，旁边写着新地址。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。11. 单选题Though he is a competent engineer, it does no（ ）th

11、at he will make a successful factory director.问题1选项A.concludeB.followC.deduceD.doom【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: conclude “结束；终止” ；B: follow “跟随，接着”；C: deduce “推论，推断”；D: doom “命运；厄运”。句意：虽然他是一名称职的工程师，但是，并不能推断他将成为一名成功的厂长。结合语境，故选C选项。12. 单选题His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties（ ）.问

12、题1选项A.came offB.came onC.came roundD.came down【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 come off “举行，发生；实现，成功”；B选项 come on“逐渐开始，催促”；C选项 come round/around “恢复（知觉），还原”；D选项 come down “跌落，失去财富或地位，传递”。句意：他为促成双方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。结合此处语境，A选项正确。13. 单选题I have never laid（ ）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.aff

13、irmationD.claim【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。lay claim to “声称的权力，自称有知识等”。句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。结合句意，故D为正确答案。14. 单选题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are,

14、however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling

15、.If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attentio

16、n to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical a

17、bilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expres

18、sion of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.1.Teachers differ in their opinions about（ ）.2.The expression play safe probably means（ ）.3.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that（ ）.4.The writer seems to think that the teach

19、ers judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is（ ）.5.The major point discussed in the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spelling问题2选项A.to write c

20、arefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.Io use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of问题3选项A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC.students will have more confidence in writingD.students will learn to be in

21、dependent of teachers问题4选项A.reasonableB.unfairC.foolishD.careless问题5选项A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以

22、定位到文章第一段中 “There are，however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”以及 “The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself

23、freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.”中文翻译为：“所存在的问题是， 在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的 思想。”推断出教学分歧在于怎样教授拼写、以及把拼写放在什么样优先的地位。结合语境，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a brigh

24、t child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language”， 中文翻译为 “如果字的拼写成为老师关心的唯一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为保险起见，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。”可以推测出D选项“避免用他/她不确定的内容”正确。3.推理判断题。由题干the use of dictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中 He will tend to write o

25、nly words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.” 中文翻译为“他只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很 早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。可以推测出A选项“学生能更自由地表达自己的想法”正确。4

26、.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child s deep feelings” 中文翻译为“这对于 一个学生的写作技能也许是一次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位

27、老师 忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。” 以及后文“The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors.虽然老师注意到了这些问题并没有错”可以得知B选项符合题意。5.主旨大意题。原文前面提出“There are,however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “

28、然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”后面则写道：注意拼写会限制 学生写文章，但是不注意拼写会造成作文的拼写错误。综合考虑，可以推测出D选项正确。15. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly（ ）source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilize.问题1选项A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexh

29、austible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: exploited “开采；利用”；B: quantifiable “可以计量的”；C: controversial “有争议的”；D: inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”。 句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。16. 单选题His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his（ ）as he developed his own te

30、chnique.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A: descendant“后代” ；B: predecessor“前辈”；C: successor“继任者，继承人”；D: ancestor“祖先”。句意：随着他发展自己的技术，他对颜色、光线和形式的使用迅速地背离了他前辈的传统风格。结合句意，故B为正确答案。17. 单选题The lack of goods, services and household aids, brought on by the countrys conce

31、ntration on heavy industry at the（ ）of consumers goods, affects women more than men.问题1选项A.expenseB.depositC.valueD.expenditure【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A: expense “费用”；B: deposit “储蓄”；C: value “价值”；D: expenditure “支出”。句意：相比男性，因国家牺牲消费者的商品为代价而集中重工业而产生商品、服务和家庭辅助设备的缺乏更影响女性。本处考查at the expense of“在损失损坏某事物的情况下；以为代价

32、”这一固定搭配。因此A符合题意。18. 单选题Terrorists（ ）to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.问题1选项A.resortedB.tookC.sawD.looked【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A: resort to “依靠，求助于；诉诸；常去”；B: ;take to “喜欢；走向； 开始从事”；C: see to “注意;负责；照料”；D: look to “注意;指望；照看”。句意：恐怖分子把向市中心投放炸弹作为他们完成政治目标的手段。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。19.

33、翻译题Directions: Put the following pas sage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.This greater interdependence is not limited to the financial sector. The new challenges of today are global in nature and therefore, they demand a global response. This applies

34、to issues such as climate change, eneigy security, terrorism prevention, trafficking and organized crime. We can no longer meet these challenges by closing the door and simply looking after our own house. Instead, we must reach out and seek cooperation, wherever cooperation is more effective. The wo

35、rld is currently witnessing the broadest and deepest wave of globalization ever producing great opportunities but also some risks. Globalization has helped hundreds of millions from poverty and provided businesses with the possibility to invest and expand abroaD.But those same businesses know that t

36、hey can no longer live on past achievements. When we speak of globalization, it is important to understand that openness and interdependence are the rules of the game.Our cooperation in the fight against climate change is particularly important. We all know that climate change is real, that it is ca

37、used by human activity, and that its consequences are universal and will be felt first and foremost by the poorest. It will serve little purpose if other countries do not join in common action. Yes, there is a cost to reducing emissions, but the cost of global warming and not just in the long term i

38、s going to be far higher, including for China.【答案】我们之间日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融领域。今天我们实际面临的许多新挑战 都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同应对。这其中包括了气候变化、能源安全、制止恐怖主义、贩卖毒品和有组织犯罪等。我们已经不能以关起门来独善其身的方式应对这些挑 战。相反，我们必须伸出双手寻求合作，因为合作能够更有效地解决这些问题。世界正经历着一波最为广泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，这为我们提供了巨大的机会，但同时也带来了一 些风险。全球化已帮助数以亿计的人们摆脱了贫困，并且给企业提供了进行海外投资和扩张的机会。但那些企业也意识到不

39、能够满足于自己过去取得的成就。提到全球化，我们必须清楚公开和相互依存是其游戏的规则。我们在应对气候变化方面的合作尤其重要。我们现在都认识到气候的变化是实实在在的，这一变化由人类活动引发，其影响是全球性的并且将首先波及最贫困的人口。如果其他国家不参与共同行动，那么，我们的努力将不会产生结果。是的，我们将为减少温室气体排放付出代价，但我们可能在并不遥远的将来为全球变暖付出远高于此的代价，中国也不例外。20. 单选题（ ）the advances of science the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.问题1选项A.As forB.ExceptC.BesidesD.Despite【答案】D【解析】考查介词。A: as for “至于” ；B: except “除之外”；C: besides “除之外（还有）”；D: despite “尽管”。句意：尽管科学不断发展，老年的疼痛无疑总是伴随着我们。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。