2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题9（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.问题1选项A.resignedB.compromisedC.persistedD.dominated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。prevail表示“盛行，流行，战胜”；A项resign“辞职，放弃”，B项compromise“妥协，和解”，C项persist“坚持”，D项dominate“占主导地位，支配，控制”。句

2、意：专家表示，如果冷酷的陪审员获胜，对生病吸烟者的赔偿金额将会减少。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。2. 单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”

3、，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。故该题选择C项正确。3. 单选题If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the earth.问题1选项A.maintainB.pertainC.retainD.continue【答案】

4、A【解析】考查动词辨析。sustain表示“维持”；A项maintain“主张，维持，继续”，B项pertain“适合，从属”，C项retain“保持，记住”，D项continue“继续，延续”。句意：如果人口继续增长，最终将没有足够的资源来维持地球上的生命。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。4. 翻译题In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occa

5、sions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for on

6、e piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation.【答案】答：在本书中，我们提供了一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来是合理并值得认真考虑的。但正如任何有经验的作家都知道的那样，在某些情况下，即使是最好的建议也可能不适用。写作要针对不同的读者，有不同的目的，有不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有提出的这一切

7、的要求本书是无法预见到的。我们认识到适合一篇文章的东西不一定适合另一篇文章。在大多数情况下，你必须不惜一切代价避免含糊不清，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。5. 单选题The court held the parents accountable for the minor childs acts of violence.问题1选项A.responsible forB.indifferent toC.desperate forD.involved in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。accountable for表示“负责，对应负责任”；A项responsible for“对负责任”，B项i

8、ndifferent to“对冷漠”，C项desperate for“渴望”，D项involved in“涉及，包含”。句意：法院要求父母对未成年孩子的暴力行为负责。根据句意可知A项正确。6. 单选题Despite tremendous achievements, formidable obstacles to development will persist.问题1选项A.difficult tB.sustainable tC.external tD.unpredictable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。formidable表示“强大的，可怕的”；A项difficult“困难的，艰难的

9、”，B项sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撑的”，C项external“外部的，外表的”，D项unpredictable“不可预知的，出乎意料的”。句意：尽管取得了巨大成就，但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。7. 单选题In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.问题1选项A.imposingB.demandingC.compulsoryD.temporary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。taxing表示“费力的”；A项impos

10、ing“壮观的”，B项demanding“苛求的，吃力的”，C项compulsory“义务的”，D项temporary“暂时的”。句意：尽管业务繁忙，他还是抽出时间锻炼身体。根据句意可知B项正确。8. 翻译题中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。【答案】答：The limited natural resources on which Chinas sustainable development depends are declining sh

11、arply. On the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to increased consumption of energy. On the other hand, the production facilities which using energy efficiently are lacking. This forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space for future generations to realize their a

12、spirations.9. 单选题Some states in the US have set（ ）standards concerning math and science tests.问题1选项A.energeticB.vigorousC.rigorousD.grave【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项energetic“精力充沛的，积极的”，B项vigorous“有力的”，C项rigorous“严厉的，严格的”，D项grave“重大的，严肃的”；根据空格后面的standard（标准）以及关键词math and science tests（数学和科学测试），结合句子的语境，只有C项符合

13、。句意：美国的一些州已经为数学和科学考试设置了严格的标准。因此，该题选择C项正确。10. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争

14、，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。11. 单选题For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oiloil that may never（ ）.问题1选项A.run outB.work outC.turn outD.call out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项run out“用完，耗尽”，B项work out“解决，算出”，C项turn out“结果是”，D项call out表示“唤起，出动”。句意：对于许多国家来

15、说，成为全球供应链的一部分就像开采可能永远不会用完的石油。因此A项正确。12. 单选题The FDA was created to（ ）the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.问题1选项A.manipulateB.adjustC.regulateD.manage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项manipulate“操纵，操作”，B项adjust“调整”，C项regulate“调节，控制”，D项manage“管理，经营”；根据关键词safety of product（产品的安全性）和后面的review（检

16、查）以及grant（承认，允许）可推断，空格部分表示“控制，规范”。句意：FDA的成立是为了监管产品的安全性，审查申请和批准。因此，该题选择C项正确。13. 单选题Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours（ ）, if possible.问题1选项A.on purposeB.on handC.on creditD.on end【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项on purpose“有目的地，故意地”，B项on hand“在手边，即将发生”，C项on credit“赊账”，D项on end“

17、连续地，竖着”。空格前面提到“有些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，以至于玩了好几个小时”，由此可知空格部分表示“时间上持续地，连续地”。句意：一些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，如果可能的话，他们会连续玩上几个小时。因此，该题选择D项正确。14. 单选题New York probably has the largest number of different language（ ）in the world.问题1选项A.neighborhoodsB.communitiesC.clustersD.assemblies【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项neighborhood“街坊，街区”，B项commun

18、ity“社区，共同体，团体”，C项cluster“群，簇”，D项assembly“装配，集合”；根据空格前面的different language（不同的语言），结合句子的语境，只有B项符合。句意：纽约可能是世界上不同语言社区数量最多的城市。因此，该题选择B项正确。15. 单选题It was（ ）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言

19、”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。根据后面的句子the restaurant discriminated against black customers（这家餐馆歧视黑人顾客），结合前面的it bethat句型，空格部分应该表示“据说，据宣称”。句意：据说那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。故该题选择B项正确。16. 单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.

20、dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。根据句意可知D项正确。17. 翻译题从某种意义上讲，现代生活方式使人们彼此疏远，人与人之间仅存在一种有限责任。事

21、实上，只要我们彼此履行了各自的有限责任，至于他人干什么，想什么，我们根本不在乎。人们不会再为朋友两肋插刀，一生一世的朋友也不复存在，因为现代社会的朋友关系是建立在共同利益的基础上，当利害关系改变时，朋友关系也定会改变，在一个正在经受着历史巨变的社会中，人的利害关系如果不瞬息万变，那才是怪事呢。【答案】参考译文：In a sense, the modern way of life alienates people from each other, and there is only a limited liability between people. In fact, as long as w

22、e fulfill our limited responsibilities respectively, we will not keep in mind what someone else has done or thought. The willingness to dedicate lives to friends and the friendship through the lifetime are no longer in existence, because the friendships in modern society are set up on the basic of c

23、ommon benefits. With the transformation of interests, friendship will be bound to change. In a society which is undergoing an enormous historical change, it is not surprising to find the ever-changing benefit based relationship between people.18. 问答题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fel

24、l, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were pay

25、ing for machinery, seed and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the

26、1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached eve

27、n more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through volun

28、tary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of pe

29、ople. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing, flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was the national interest and was no

30、t simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.1. What impact did the declining demand for American farm products have on American farm products?2. According

31、to the passage, what worsened American farmers financial situation in 1930s?3. Why was the Federal Farm Board established in 1929?4. What was planned in the Agricultural Adjustment Act to raise farm prices?5. Why was the Agricultural Adjustment Act declared unconstitutional?【答案】答：1.The result was a

32、sharp drop in farm prices.2.Great Depression.3.To provide greater economic stability for farmers.4.Encouraged farmers reduce the scale of the production.5.The law benefited farmers at the expense of others.【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“对美国农产品需求的下降对美国农产品产生了什么影响？”。文章第一段提到In the 1920s demand for American farm prod

33、ucts fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices.（随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复过来，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，20世纪20年代对美国农产品的需求下降了；结果是农产品价格急剧下降），因此答案为The result was a sharp drop in farm prices（结果是农产品

34、价格急剧下降）。2.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，是什么恶化了20世纪30年代美国农民的财政状况？”。第一段最后一句提到These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.（从1929年开始并延续到1939年的大萧条使这些发展更加恶化），由此可知答案为Great Depression（经济大萧条）。3.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么联邦农业委员会成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到it represented t

35、he first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.（代表了为农民提供更大经济稳定性的第一个国家性的承诺），由此可知答案为To provide greater economic stability for farmers（为农民提供更大的经济稳定性）。4.推理判断题。题干意思是“农业调整法案中有什么提高农产品价格的计划？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce productio

36、n through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices.（这项法律赋予农业部长权力，通过与农民签订自愿协议减少产量，这些农民得到报酬，不再使用他们的土地；故意的农产品短缺是为了提高价格而计划的），由此可知，通过与农民签订自愿协议，给予农民补贴减少土地使用权，降低农产品产量可以提高农产品价格；即缩小生产规模。因此答案为

37、Encouraged farmers reduce the scale of the production（鼓励农民缩小生产规模）。5.细节推理题。题干意思是“为什么农业调整法案被宣布为违宪？”。第三段第五句提到This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people.（最高法院宣布这项法律是违反宪法的，因为全民的税收都被用来为一个特殊群体服务），由此可知

38、，农业调整法案被宣布为违宪是因为它以损害别人的利益来使农民受益；故答案为The law benefited farmers at the expense of others（这项法律以损害他人利益为代价使农民受益）。19. 单选题Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupation

39、s. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male

40、 executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All

41、 unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overn

42、ight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally

43、 masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She ask

44、ed 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attract

45、ive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.1. The last word in Paragraph one “liability” most probably means（ ）.2. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness（ ）.3. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes

46、 to politics, attractiveness（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often（ ）.5. The author writes this passage to（ ）.问题1选项A.misfortunetB.instabilitytC.disadvantagetD.burdent问题2选项A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredtB.makes women look more honest and capabl

47、etC.is of primary importance to womentD.often enables women to succeed quicklyt问题3选项A.turns out to be an obstacletB.affects men and women aliketC.has as little effect on men as on womentD.is more of an obstacle than a benefit to woment问题4选项A.practicaltB.prejudicedtC.old-fashionedtD.radicalt问题5选项A.di

48、scuss the negative aspects of being attractivetB.give advice to job-seekers who are attractivetC.demand equal rights for womentD.emphasize the importance of appearance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:语义推测题。题干意思是“第一段最后一个单词liability的意思是”。第一段开头便提到了美丽的优势，Almost everyone thinks attractive people are

49、happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.（几乎每个人都认为有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，有更好的婚姻和更体面的职业；个人顾问会给他们更好的求职建议；就连法官对有吸引力的被告也比较宽容），接着最后一句话用but转折引出了下一句的内容But in the e

50、xecutive circle, beauty can become a liability，由此可知这句话应该是“但在行政圈，美貌可能成为一种劣势”，liability 在文中表示“劣势”，故C项“缺点，劣势”正确。A项“不幸”、B项“不稳定”和D项“负担”都不能准确表达。故该题选择C项正确。第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在传统的女性工作中，吸引力”。第三段第二句提到Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was att

51、ributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.（人们认为，有魅力的女性高管不如没有魅力的人正直；她们的成功不是由于能力，而是由于运气等因素），可知对于有魅力的女性来说，她们会更加加强对女性素质的要求，故A项“加强对女性品质的要求”正确。B项“让女人看起来更诚实和有能力”和C项“对妇女来说是最重要的”与原文相反；D项“经常使妇女迅速成功”文章没有提到。故该题选择A项正确。第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“鲍曼的实验表明，当涉及到政治，吸引力”。根据最后一段The results showed that attractive males utt

52、erly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.（结果显示，有魅力的男性彻底击败了没有魅力的男性，但被评为最有魅力的女性总是得到的选票最少）可以推理，当涉及到政治，吸引力对男性来说是一个好处，但是对女性来说是一个障碍，故D项“对女性来说，更多的是一个障碍而不是一个好处”正确。A项“变成一个障碍”，表述太绝对，因为外形好看对男性来说是有优势的；B项“对男性和女性的影响是一样的”和C项“对男人和女人的影响一样小

53、”内容与原文不符。故该题选择D项正确。第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出，人们对美丽的看法经常是”。通读全文可知，在工作中，有魅力的女性的成功经常被认为是运气等因素，在政治中，漂亮的女性得不到选票，所以可以推断出人们对美丽的看法是具有偏见的，故B项“偏见的”正确。A项“实际的”、C项“守旧的”和D项“激进的”都不符合。故该题选择B项正确。第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者写这篇文章的目的是”。文章讨论的是有吸引力对女性的不利影响，故A项“讨论有吸引力的负面因素”符合题意。B项“给有吸引力的求职者建议”和C项“要求妇女享有平等权利”本文没有探讨；D项“强调外表的重要性”，本文只

54、通过提到外表对男性的好处，与外表对女性的劣势作对比，并没有强调外表的重要性，D项错误。故该题选择A项正确。20. 单选题Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from（ ）as possible.问题1选项A.humidityB.humanityC.harmonyD.honesty【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项humidity“湿度，湿气”，B项humanity“人类，人道，仁慈”，C项harmony“和睦，融洽”，D项honesty“诚实，正直”。根据关键词be sick of city life（厌倦城市生活）可知，空格处填入“人类”最合适，表示“离人类越远越好”。句意：汤姆厌倦了城市生活，所以他在阿拉斯加买了一些土地，尽可能远离人类。因此，该题B项正确。