2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题76（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题My father never gave me（ ） .问题1选项A.many adviceB.many advicesC.much adviceD.a lot of advices【答案】C【解析】advice为不可数名词, 没有复数形式, many用来修饰可数名词, 所以选项C正确。2. 单选题The ties that bind us together in common activity are so （ ） that they can disappear at any moment.问题1选项A.trivialB

2、.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble【答案】D【解析】trivial微不足道的, 平凡的;fatal致命的, 毁灭性的;tentative尝试性的;feeble微弱的, 软弱的。句意： 将我们维系在一起共同行动的纽带是不牢靠的, 随时都会消失。3. 单选题I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .问题1选项A.candidateB.opponentC.alternativeD.participant【答

3、案】B【解析】candidate候选人, 候补者；opponent对手；alternative替代者；participant参与者。句意：我认为Jones没有机会赢得选举。城里几乎所有的人都把票投给他的对手了。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new cities were built.问题1选项A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不仅找回了丢失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。5. 单选题The

4、team has been working overtime on the research project_ .问题1选项A.latelyB.just nowC.lateD.long ago【答案】A【解析】lately近来, 不久前；just now刚才，眼下；late晚，迟，在晚期；long ago很久以前。just now和long ago用于过去时，lately用于现在完成时，符合语法结构。所以选项A正确。句意：这个团队最近一直在加班研究项目。6. 单选题The potential of computers for increasing the control of organiza

5、tions or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources.Files of

6、 this kind would be Kighly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehen

7、sive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degre

8、e of protection form abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems.Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is wh

9、at it has come and will do to man, view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty，but upon the claim that it causes people to b

10、e viewed, and to view themselves, as machines.What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on mans apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravit

11、y and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of mans thinking is,in considerable part,a confrontation of these two views of mans place in the universe.1.Why is it important to prevent the abuse of computer data bands?2.Which of the following is not true

12、about date files?3.Too much caution in the use of computers will_.4.What lessons can be learned from the past in this decade?5.The arrival of the computer has made man_. 问题1选项A.To protect the right of the individual.B.To maintain discipline in society.C.To encourage economic and social research.D.To

13、 collect wide-ranging information.问题2选项A.It may cause invasion of privacy.B.Dangers caused by it should be paid much attention to.C.Computer data files should be protected from abuse.D.It is reasonable to cancel data files in order to protect privacy.问题3选项A.prevent the solution of economic problemsB

14、.cause more suppression of human freedomC.lead to clumsy methods of protectionD.interfere with our study of society问题4选项A.Private issue has always been associated with data collection.B.Attacks on freedom are new.C.The accumulation of data encourages oppression.D.Privacy has been a neglected issue.问

15、题5选项A.have more difficulty understanding himselfB.think more like a machineC.look at himself in a different wayD.gain less satisfaction from his work【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段可知，一些组织利用计算机加强对其成员的监控，并侵犯其隐私权，已引起了相当大的关注。所以防止计算机数据库的滥用是为了保护个人权利。选项A符合原文。2.根据第四段的内容可知，计算机数据库文件可以而且必须得到最高程度的保护，防止

16、滥用。但是，我们也必须小心，不要使用鲁莽的保护方法，使我们的社会失去了解其社会进程和分析其问题所需要的重要数据。选项D提出的抹去数据库文件就是鲁莽的保护行为，所以选项D不正确。3.根据第四段的第三句“But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection.”我们必须小心谨慎，否则会产生一些鲁莽笨拙的保护方法，选项C符合原文，4.根据第四段的第一句“Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroac

17、hment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers.”计算机成为侵犯隐私或公民自由的罪魁祸首，只是把人们的注意力从真正的危险上转移开了。言外之意，隐私权这一问题一直被忽略了。所以选项D项符合原文。5.根据第五段的第二句“The most heated attacks ., as machines.”对计算机最激烈的抨击不是对经济可能产生的影响，也不是假设破坏工作满意度，或威胁到隐私和自由。而是声称它会导致人们被认为或者认为自己是一台机器。选项B项符合原文。7. 单选题The bus that （ ） ou

18、tside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.问题1选项A.held backB.pulled upC.got downD.set forth【答案】B【解析】held back阻碍；pulled up停下来, 拔起；got down下来；set forth提出, 陈述。句意：停在旅馆外面的巴士很快就会把游客带到市中心。选项B符合句意。8. 写作题Directions: “Go West, Young Man” was a popular saying of the 19 century in the United States, re

19、ferring to opportunities on the frontier. Today in China, there is also a great need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the western region development. Write on the Answer Sheet an essay of about 150 words to discuss the significance of the development of W

20、est China. The suggested title is Go West, Revitalize Our Nation.【答案】Go West, Revitalize Our NationThe western region development is a key move the State Council has taken, to achieve the balance and co-ordinate development of economy in the difference region all over China. It can contribute to nat

21、ional employment as well as economic growth of the western region. Therefore, the western region is in great need for an army of talents who will be dedicated to their youth and blood, in particular, earlier stage of development.For the western progress and prosperity, young people should catch the

22、chance to become pioneers there and to achieve their own value rather than enjoy good living condition in cities. There exist a variety of resources to be required for exploiting and utilizing. There it is full of business opportunities to demonstrate your ability and make your dream come true.If yo

23、u are a fresh graduate, if you aspire to do big things, if you commit yourself to revitalizing our nation, go to the western region where its development can4 carry on without your knowledge, enthusiasm and devotion. The west calls for you! Young people.9. 单选题_ the whole, early American city plannin

24、g was excellent.问题1选项A.InB.FromC.OnD.Above【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。on the whole指大体上、基本上。句意：整体上来看，早期美国城市规划很优秀。10. 单选题“That English fellows songs are very portic.” “（ ） the words to the songs, but he also composes the music.”问题1选项A.He also writeB.Although he writesC.Not only does he writeD.It is not all that h

25、e writes【答案】C【解析】not only.but also.为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词, 还自己作曲。11. 单选题Putting in a new window will （ ） cutting away part of the roof.问题1选项A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。include包括, 包含；involve卷入, 涉及；contain容纳, 牵制；comprise 构成。句意:安装一个新窗户需要把屋顶的一部分切掉。include一般用于被动语态, 比如sth. included in.某

26、物包含于其中, 所以选项B更符合句意。12. 单选题I （ ） this soup, I （ ） pepper in it.问题1选项A.am tasting.am tastingB.am tasting.tasteC.taste. am tastingD.taste.have tasted【答案】B【解析】第一个taste是动态动词, 表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词, 用原型。13. 单选题The simple wooden house sits in an unremarkable old neighborhood in an Osaka suburb, the kind o

27、f place people forget still exists in modem Japan. There are no pachinko parlors or cyber cafesno shops of any kind, really. Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution. But listen to what happens when a gray-haired septuagenarian named Kazuko Komiyama retur

28、ns after visiting friends, Welcome home, a voice chirps. Isnt it a nice day?”The high-pitched greeting belongs to a robot. Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy. But its a robot

29、nonetheless: a chocolate-brown wombat that eventually will be able, to flutter its eyes when Komiyama, 77, enters the room and giggle when she scratches its fuzzy little head. It tells her what the weather is like. It reminds her when its time to take her medicine. It sings sweet songs to her.For Ko

30、miyama, a mechanical companion is a guard against the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure. She saw one such tragic story on a TV news show recently. “An old mans death went unnoticed because he lived alone,” she says. “Day after day, his diary read, I didnt meet anybody today. Agai

31、n. I dont want to end up like that.” So when welfare workers from the Osaka suburb of Ikeda asked for volunteers to test the prototype of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.s pet robot, she jumped at the chance. She keeps the robot sitting in her living room. After a month, shes starting to warm-up t

32、o the thing, despite one irritating habit “It speaks with a childish voice,” she complains. “That makes me feel like Im treated as an old person. I would rather have an equal relationship with a robot.”This is modem Japan, a Gizmo Nation where even grandmothers make friends with their gadgets. For h

33、alf a century, the Japanese have made it a cultural mission to turn out a succession of cool, elegant and increasingly human machines. And what machines they have become: robotic geishas; headgear that projects computer screens in midair in front of wearers eyes; toilets that measure a persons weigh

34、t, body fat and urine sugar levels. The country that gave the world transistor radios, the Walkman and hand-held video games is now positioned to turn its love of gadgetry into a profitable national enterprise once again.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Who giggles after Komiyama co

35、mes into the room according to the passage?3.We can infer from the third paragraph that nowadays many old people in Japan are （ ） .4.The phrase warm-up to in the third paragraph can be most likely replaced by（ ） .5.Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the roles the robots can play?问题1选项

36、A.it is impossible for people to find high-tech robots in a simple wooden houseB.it is easy for people to think of a simple wooden house in the modem JapanC.Komiyama usually goes to a coffee restaurant to release her lonelinessD.Komiyama has a mechanical companion whose voice is very sharp and short

37、问题2选项A.The old woman Komiyama herself.B.Komiyamas fantastic pet robotC.A mechanical companion in Star Wars.D.A naughty Japans creation Astro Boy.问题3选项A.treated as old personsB.very lonely in their lifeC.enjoying themselvesD.not taken good care of问题4选项A.become warmer and warmerB.prepare fora game wit

38、h the robotC.start to like or be friendly withD.approach to or come up to问题5选项A.Helpful instruments.B.Friendly companions.C.Entertaining machines.D.Instructive educators【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Its an unlikely place to encounter the next version of Japans technological evolution.

39、 ”可知选项A正确。选项B,C,D都与原文不符。2.根据第二段的一二三句“The high-pitched greeting belongs to a robot.选项A首先排除。Its a simple machine, to be sure. This isnt a thoughtful robotic character like those found in a Star Wars movie, or like Japans own popular creation Astro Boy.”既不是星球大战里的机器人, 也不是日本人创造的阿童木, 所以排除选项C和D。3.根据第三段的第一句

40、“For Komiyama, a mechanical companion is a guard against the dreadful loneliness many elderly Japanese must endure.”可知, 选项B日本的老人都很孤独, 符合原文。4.根据原文, 老人把机器人放在客厅, 一个月后, 开始慢慢的接受它。选项C符合原文。5.根据原文内容可知, 只有选项D有益的教育工作者, 在文中没有被提及, 其他的均提到了。14. 单选题A drunk man walked in, _ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctant

41、C.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。repulsive排斥的，令人厌恶的； reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；reproachful责备的；reputed名誉好的。句意：一个醉汉走进来了, 他看起来让人厌恶。15. 单选题Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or p

42、oet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities, if anything, deepened in the 20th century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its criticsbut no longer. As funding fo

43、r science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University: and The Demon-haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornel University.Defender

44、s of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of Information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find

45、fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned in sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antisc

46、ience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, publish

47、ed in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond t

48、o such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlish of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that th

49、e antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term antiscience can lump together too many, quite different thing,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten

50、those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”1.The word “schism” (Paragraph 1) in the context probably means ( ).2.Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to( ).3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.The author takes Paul R. Gross book Higher Superstition as an illustration to show t

51、hat ( ).5.The authors attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is ( ).问题1选项A.confrontationB.dissatisfactionC.separationD.contempt问题2选项A.discuss the cause of the decline of sciences powerB.show the authors sympathy with scientistsC.explain the way in which science developsD.exemplify th

52、e division of science and the humanities问题3选项A.Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.B.Politicians are not subjective to the labeling of antiscience.C.The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.D.Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.问题4选项A.tradi

53、tional culture would greatly affect the development of scienceB.science is no longer vulnerable to be attackedC.different people may have different interpretation on scienceD.scientific community has become powerful enough to defend any critics against science问题5选项A.impartialB.subjectiveC.biasedD.pu

54、zzling【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句话“Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. ”科学与文化其他方面的关系一直都很紧张, 以及后面的举例可知, 20世纪, 科学和人文之间的分歧加深了。confrontation对抗；dissatisfaction不满；separation分歧, 裂痕；contempt蔑视。选项A和选项C意思差不多, 但注意句子中的措辞用的是deepened, 所以选项C更符合语境。2.第二段指出, 科学界

55、如此之强大以至于可以对批评者置之不理但现在不同了。由于科学经费减少, 科学家开始著书抨击“反科学”倾向；第三段指出, 科学的拥护者也在一些会议上表达了他们的担忧。根据第一段提到的科学和人文之间的分歧加深, 由此推断第二段和第三段主要是举例说明科学和人文的分歧。选项D正确。3.根据第六段的第二句“But surely that.seemed to suggest.”, 当然, 这并不意味着, 对不加控制的工业发展表示担忧的环保主义者也是反科学的, 而去年5月份刊登在美国新闻和世界报导的一篇文章却似乎暗示是这么回事。选项A一篇文章指责环境保护者为反科学者, 正确；根据第五段的内容,反科学的标签也贴

56、在了许多其他群体上, 从提倡消灭最后残存的天花病毒库的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。这里面包含了政党人, 所以选项B表述错误。选项C在文中没有提及。选项D给环境保护者贴上“反科学”的标签是有道理的, 错误。4.根据第四段的一二句“Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned in sc

57、iences objectivity.”反科学对不同的人有不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特主要挑那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家和其他学者的毛病。选项C符合原文。5.作者只是客观地叙述了科学和人文学科之间的分歧, 在文中没有发表任何自己的看法或态度, 所以作者的态度是客观公正的。选项A正确。impartial公平公正的；subjective主观的；biased有偏见的；puzzling疑惑的。16. 单选题The supply of apples exceeds the （ ） this year.问题1选项A.requestB.claimC.requirementD.demand【答案】D【解

58、析】句意：今年的苹果供不应求。supply供给对应demand需求。选项D更符合。17. 单选题Jims score on the test is the highest; he （ ） hard.问题1选项A.should have studiedB.could have studiedC.must have studiedD.could study【答案】C【解析】句意：吉姆的考试分数最高, 他一定很用功。表示肯定的推测用must。18. 单选题The weatherman broadcasts the （ ） in temperature twice a day.问题1选项A.diver

59、sionB.variationC.varietyD.modification【答案】B【解析】diversion转移, 消遣；variation变化, 变异；variety多样化；modification修正, 改变。句意：天气预报员每天两次播报气温变化。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题“Youth”and “culture” have been a rather more familiar pairing within sociology than“old age”and “culture”. Young peoples spending on clothes, stereo equipmen

60、t and cosmetics meant that the teenager became a vitally important consumer of leisure goods and services. These features of young peoples experiences, along with their increasing proportion within the total population, inevitably caught the attention of several influential sociologists who went on

61、to describe and analyze the phenomenon of “youth culture”. In recent decades, the situation has changed somewhat. With the aging of the population, it is older people who represent an incasing proportion within the total population, some of whom enjoy relative affluence with high levels of disposabl

62、e income. Consequently, it is older people, rather than young people, who are increasingly regarded as important consumers of leisure goods and services. Several sociologists have begun to analyze the cultural implications of population aging. Andrew Blaikie in his book first addressed the phenomenon