2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题35（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, trad

2、itional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the latt

3、er group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, howe

4、ver, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and

5、choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profitBase prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11 ounce mug starts

6、at $10.99, For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and

7、 writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-founder and vice-president

8、. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a sto

9、re. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; Ive ordered a mug and a shirt

10、 from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised.C is an idea thats easy to get excited about. Its a small but tangible example of how the Internet can change the way we live.6. The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means .7. The first kind of

11、site differs from the second kind of site in that .8. Which of the following about C is NOT true?9. What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?10. What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?问题1选项A.coming into being（形成，产生）B.surviving a crisisC.struggling in t

12、he stormD.being dominated by a stormy high tech wave问题2选项A.the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB.the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC.the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceD.the second ki

13、nd offers untraditional jobs to people experienced ill auctioning问题3选项A.Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B.It along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C.It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.D.Its use

14、rs dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.问题4选项A.Those who sell a great variety of items.B.Those who sell unconventional commodities.C.Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.D.Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving.问题5选项

15、A.The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B.The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D.The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题

16、:B【解析】6.词汇推测题，定位到文章第一段第一句As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm，目标词前面半句的the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through“高科技的大低潮席卷而过”，后面的内容是两种网站中第一种公司的其中一个在蓬勃发展，所以这里weathering the storm是指这两种科技网站度过危机所以答案选B选项“生存危机”。A选项“形成

17、”，定位到第一段第三句They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area.（他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域），由此可知不是形成，某些是早就存在，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“在风暴中挣扎”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“被暴风骤雨般的高科技浪潮所主宰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。7.判断推理题，定位到第一段第二三四句The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of sto

18、res like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics.“第一种类型通常被称为“点击和实体店”沃尔玛或西尔斯(Sears)等商店的在线延伸。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域。第二种类型提供独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特点”，从这里可以看出第一类

19、是把传统门店拓展到网络上，第二类是基于网络来为客户提供服务的，所以答案选B选项“第一类扩展了传统类别以外的销售项目”正确；A选项“第一种是卖商品，第二种是提供服务”，见正确选项，文中并没有说第一类只提供商品第二类只提供服务，A选项错误，属于无中生有；C选项“在电子商务的世界里，第二类正在崛起，而第一类正在衰落”，定位到第一段第一句two kinds of sites are weathering the storm.“有两类网站正经受住这场风暴的考验”，从这里可以看出，这两类网站都在发展，都没有衰落，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“第二种提供非传统的工作给那些经历过糟糕拍卖的人”文章没有提及，属于无

20、中生有。8.事实细节题，C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润保持在最低水平”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有，所以答案选C；A选项“它的顾客是那些想卖东西而不是想买东西的人”，定位到第二段第二句话Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans.“这是一个为用户提供在线商店的网站，在那里他们可以出售带有自己的商标和/或口号的衬衫、马克杯和鼠标垫”从这里

21、可知选项A正确；B选项“它和类似的网站一起改变了传统的营销方式”，定位到第二段第三句话By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.“就其本身而言，这是一项相当有用的服务，也是互联网如何改变营销和客户服务艺术的一个例子”从这里可知B选项正确；D选项“它的用户不需要与他们的客户面对面地交易出售的物品”，定位到第三段第三句话They dont need to worry about

22、 shipping the goods to their customers.“他们不需要担心把货物运送给他们的客户”从这里可知D选项正确。9.事实细节题，根据题干定位到第五段第二三句“More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-fou

23、nder and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”的联合创始人兼副总裁Maheesh Jain表示：“越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品推销，想向用户提供一系列产品，但不想为此带来麻烦。这就是我们的切入点，我们是少数几家提供这种全方位服务解决方案的公司之一。”从这里可知答案选C“那些想要避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”；A选项“那些卖各种各样商品的人”，见正确选项，选项中提到的是a great v

24、ariety但是文章提到的some，这里属于偷换概念；B选项“那些出售非传统商品的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“那些无法保持商品流通的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。10.事实细节题，定位到倒数第二段第二三句Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort

25、, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk.“这个系统的非凡之处在于，开店非常简单。一个普通人的想法可以卖出50件t恤或杯子，这并不能证明传统的营销努力是合理的，但有了，用户可以在很少的时间和没有财务风险的情况下轻松实现想法”从这里可知答案选B选项“它给公司销售商品带来的便利”；A选项“它为大公司营销其商品提供的帮助”，定位到倒数第二段第一句话But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability

26、to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts.“但是，最令人兴奋的方面并不是它能够帮助大公司外包和定制他们的销售工作”，从这里可知选项A错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“向顾客提供高质量的商品”定位到倒数第二段第四句Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good“此外，商品的质量也很好”，文章虽然提到商品质量好，但是这只是补充点，在方便开店的基础上他们商品的质量也很好，这里属于出处错误；D选项“它为用户将他们的想法付诸实践提供的速度和安全性

27、”，见正确选项解析，文章虽然有和选项的同义替换句，即倒数第二段第三句，但是这只是为了解释说明开店的简单程度，所以不选，这里属于偷换概念。2. 单选题Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.Its tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces

28、someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousandsbased on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines arent limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it seesthen recognize a face its told to findwit

29、h remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. Its also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are

30、only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of facesthey call it MegaFaceand tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in compl

31、exity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different peopleand not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research.As the databases grew,

32、machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. Thats still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shli

33、zerman. “Much better than we expected,” she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alikeeither doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in d

34、ifferent lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.“Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age,” Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers whod like to des

35、ign systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just dont existat least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFaces

36、 creators say its the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,” the researchers wrote.11. Compared with human memory, machines can_.12. Why did researchers create MegaFace?13. What doe

37、s the passage say about machine accuracy?14. What is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?15. What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?问题1选项A.identify human faces more efficientlyB.tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC.store an unlimited numb

38、er of human facesD.perceive images invisible to the human eye问题2选项A.To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B.To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C.To understand computers problems with facial recognition.D.To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms

39、.问题3选项A.It falls short of researchers expectations.B.It improves with added computing power.C.It varies greatly with different algorithms.D.It decreases as the database size increases.问题4选项A.They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B.They have difficulty identifying chang

40、es in facial expressions.C.They are not sensitive to minute changes in peoples mood.D.They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.问题5选项A.No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B.There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.C.There are no appro

41、priate algorithms to process the face samples.D.They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第二句话Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it seesthen recognize a face its told to findwith

42、 remarkable speed and precision“给计算机一个庞大的人脸数据库，它就可以处理它看到的东西，然后以惊人的速度和精度识别出它被要求寻找的人脸”，从这里可知答案选A选项“更有效地识别人脸”。B选项“把朋友和仅仅相识的人区别开来”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“存储无限数量的人脸”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“感知人眼看不见的图像”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第四段第一、三句话The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facia

43、l recognitionTo begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of facesthey call it MegaFace“问题是，机器在人脸识别方面仍然有局限性为了弄清楚电脑是如何挣扎的，华盛顿大学的研究人员创建了一个巨大的人脸数据库他们称之为MegaFace”，由此可知答案选C选项“为了解计算机在面部识别方面的问题”。A选项“以扩大人脸识别数据库的容量”，定位到第四段最后一句The

44、idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different peopleand not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research“他们的想法是在一个数据库上测试机器，该数据库包括近70万人的100万

45、张不同的图像，而不仅仅是一个拥有相对较少不同面孔的大型数据库，这与其他研究中使用的更一致”，这里没有说建立数据库的目的是为了扩大数据库，这里属于出处错误；B选项“以增加面部识别软件的多样性”，文章没有提及；D选项“以降低人脸识别算法的复杂性”，定位到第四段第三句tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms as they scaled up in complexity“测试了多种面部识别算法，随着其复杂性的增大”，由此可知这是探究机器在人脸识别时会遇到什么问题的步骤不是创造MegaFace的原因，这里属于曲解原文，所以不选。13.事实细节题

46、。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第五段第一句话As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board“随着数据库的增长，机器的准确性全面下降”，由此可知答案选D选项“它随着数据库大小的增加而减少。”A选项“它没有达到研究人员的预期”，定位到第五段最后一句话“Much better than we expected,” she said（“比我们预期的要好得多，”她说。），由此可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。14.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内

47、线索，定位到第六段第一句话Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike“机器也很难适应长得很像的人”，这里运用拟人的手法把机器比做人，暗指其实机器区别不了长得很像的人，所以答案选A选项“他们很难区分长相几乎相同的人”。B选项“他们很难识别面部表情的变化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“他们对人们情绪的细微变化不敏感”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；D选项“他们在区分同龄人方面有困难”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。15.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到倒数第二段第

48、一句The trouble ismassive datasets for experimentation just dont existat least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers“问题是用于实验的大规模数据根本不存在至少，不存在学术研究人员可以访问的格式”，由此可知答案选B选项“没有拥有足够的人脸样本的公共数据库”。A选项“目前还没有能够处理巨大的人脸数据的电脑”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“没有合适处理人脸样本的算法”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；D选项“他们在将人脸数据

49、转换成正确格式时遇到了困难”，见正确选项解析，这里说的是研究人员不能够访问的格式并不是说在格式转换方面存在问题，所以D选项不选，属于曲意理解。3. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论

50、在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also

51、working with science and technology parks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer

52、markets.4. 单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one popular form continues to thrive: that is alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with

53、a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly

54、 spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) ha

55、d surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, D

56、uisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetical

57、ly disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by th

58、ose insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies,

59、the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plo

60、ugh through them.11. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?12. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?13. The fourth paragraph suggests that_.14. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ ?15. Which of the following is true acc

61、ording to the text?问题1选项A.A type of conspicuous bias.B.A kind of overlooked inequality.C.A type of personal prejudiceD.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are important to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Some form of discrimination is

62、 too subtle to recognize.D.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.students should be seated according to their eyesightD.teachers should pay equal attent

63、ion to all their students问题4选项A.They are noisily dozing off.B.They are getting impatient.C.They feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.C.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】11.推理判断题，定位到文