考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷40（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The room was full of people and smoke, she started to feel（ ）with the heat inside.问题1选项A.cranedB.congestedC.confrontedD.oppressed【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。craned 是crane的过去式和过去分词形式，不是形容词；congested “堵塞的；拥挤的”； confronted是confront的过去式和过去分

2、词形式，不是形容词；oppressed “受压制的”。根据前半句“房间里挤满了人并且到处是烟”，可知在这样的环境下人会感到压抑，因此选项D符合题意。2.不定项选择题In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to grea

3、ter productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do

4、 his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very l

5、ittle that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than lar

6、ge one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The work

7、ers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesti

8、ng, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?2. Why do workers want more money?3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers jobs more int

9、eresting,（ ）.4. In this passage, the author tells us（ ）.5. The author of this passage is probably by a（ ）.问题1选项A.To make jobs more varied.B.Demands for longer working hours.C.Degree of work contribution.D.To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.问题2选项A.Because their jobs are too borin

10、g.B.In order to enjoy more spare time.C.To make their jobs more interesting.D.To demand shorter working hours.问题3选项A.they will want more moneyB.they will demand shorter working hoursC.more money and shorter working hours are important factorsD.more money and shorter working hours will not be so impo

11、rtant to them问题4选项A.how to make the workers more productiveB.to a certain extent more money lead to greater productivityC.possible factors leading to greater efficiencyD.how to make workers jobs more interesting问题5选项A.teacherB.managerC.workerD.physicist【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据原文

12、第一段In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied（近年来，世界上许多国家都面临着如何提高其工人生产力的问题。一些专家称，解决之道是让工作多样化）可知A选项“使工作更加多样化”是有可能导致生产力提高；根据原文第二段Another important consideration is

13、how much each worker contributes to the product he is making（另一个重要的考虑因素是每个工人为他所生产的产品贡献了多少）可知C选项“工作贡献程度”有可能导致生产力提高；根据原文第二段第一句Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true（其他专家认为，给工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由是重要的，这是毫无疑问的事实）可知D选

14、项“给工人以他自己的方式做他的工作的自由”有可能导致生产力提高；B选项“对更长工作时间的要求”在文章内没有提及，因此B选项符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段第三句But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring（但也许他们想要更多的钱只是因为他们的工作太无聊了）可知A选项“因为他们的工作太无聊了”正确；根据第三段第四句Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explai

15、n demands for shorter working hours（金钱只是让他们更享受他们的业余时间。类似的论点可以解释对更短工作时间的要求）可知，题目问的是为什么工人想要更多的钱，这是因为工作太无聊了，拥有更多的钱之后可以享受更多的业余时间，更多的业余时间并不是工人想要更多的钱的直接原因，B选项“为了享受更多的业余时间”逻辑关系错误以及D选项“要求缩短工作时间”错误；根据第三段最后一句Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor wi

16、ll shorter working hours be so important to them（也许如果我们成功地使他们的工作更有趣，他们就不会想要更多的钱，缩短工作时间对他们来说也不会如此重要）可知C选项“让他们的工作更有趣”错误；因此A选项符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段最后一句Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to

17、them（也许如果我们成功地使他们的工作更有趣，他们就不会想要更多的钱，缩短工作时间对他们来说也不会如此重要）可知D选项“更多的钱和更短的工作时间对他们来说不会那么重要”正确以及A选项“他们会想要更多的钱”、B选项“他们将要求缩短工作时间”和C选项“更多的钱和更短的工作时间是重要的因素”错误；因此D选项符合题意。第4题:主旨大意题。文章围绕可能导致更高工作效率的因素展开，根据第一段In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers mo

18、re productive（近年来，世界上许多国家都面临着如何提高其工人生产力的问题）可知C选项“导致更高效率的可能的因素”符合题意，A选项“如何使工人更有生产力”、B选项“在某种程度上，更多的钱导致更高的生产力”和D选项“如何使工人的工作更有趣”均只讲了“导致更高工作效率的因素”的其中一面，因此不足以概括全文。第5题:推理判断题。A选项“教师；导师”；B选项“经理；管理人员”；C选项“工人，劳动者；职蚁”；D选项“物理学家；唯物论者”；本文的主旨围绕着提高工人生产力的因素展开，提高工人工作效率一般是管理层所需要考虑的；因此B选项符合题意。3.单选题It is doubtful whether

19、 anyone can be a truly（ ）observer of events.问题1选项A.geniusB.impassiveC.inadequateD.impartial【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。genius “天才；天赋”，名词；impassive “冷漠的；无感觉的”，形容词； inadequate “不充分的”，形容词； impartial “公平的，公正的”，形容词。根据doubtful “怀疑的”和truly “真正地”可知选项D符合题意。4.不定项选择题Every day 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. Th

20、e safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large, however, the nations school children are trans

21、ported to and from school safe.Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be

22、compulsory.People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations - argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benef

23、it, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirement

24、s set in 1977. They also believe that many children wont wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective an

25、d less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts. The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews seat belts extensively while taking a broader look at sa

26、fety in and around school buses. 1. Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about （ ）.2. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in Paragraph 2?3. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses “safety”?4.

27、It may be inferred from this passage that （ ）.5. The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.10B.40C.30D.50问题2选项A.disagreeB.separateC.arrangeD.concern问题3选项A.A New Research CouncilB.The Department of TransportationC.The Medical OrganizationsD.National Highway Traffic Safety A

28、dministration问题4选项A.many of the opponents of seat belt installation are parents and officials of the Department of TransportationB.proposal of seat belts on school buses would be seriously consideredC.an alternate safety device (raising seat backs four inches) may be taken into considerationD.The De

29、partment of Transportation may either take the idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation问题5选项A.Making School Buses Even Safer for ChildrenB.Seat Belts Needed on School BusesC.Alternate Safety Devices and ProceduresD.Safety in and around School Buses【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第

30、4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段.about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones.（每年约有10名儿童在乘坐大型校车时死亡，而在校车外装载区的死亡人数几乎是这个数字的4倍。），可知B选项“40”正确；A, C, D选项不符合题意。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:语义推测题。根据关键字are divide可以定位到第二段peopl

31、e are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory（人们存在分歧尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）由安全带是否应该被强制使用人们存在两种意见，则A选项“不同意；不一致；争执”正确；B选项“分开的；单独的；分离，分开；隔开；分手；可搭配穿着的单件衣服；抽印本；独立音响设备；土壤划分”，C选项“安排；排列；整理”以及D选项“担心，忧虑；关爱，关心；关心的事，负责的事；涉及；使担心”错误。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句People

32、who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977（反对系安全带的人建议说，按照1977年国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校车已经很好地保护了孩子们）可以判断出D选项“国家公路交通安全管理局”符合题意，最大程度上的校车安

33、全控制在于国家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根据倒数第二段第一句A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive（一份新的研究委员会关于校车安全的报告建议，有替代的安全装置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A选项“一个新的研究委员会”只是提出建议，不符合题目；B选项“运输部”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第一句Peopl

34、e in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知C选项“医疗机构”只是赞成在校车上系上安全带，不符合题意；因此D选项正确。第4题:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as s

35、eat belts（例如，研究委员会建议，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全带一样安全）可以得知C选项“可以考虑使用替代安全装置（将座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合题意；据第三段第一句People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知A选项“许多反对安装安全带的人是家长和交通部的官员”不符合题意；全文只是描述人们对于校车安全提出的两个不同的建议，并不能看出哪个建议会被认真考虑，故B选项“校车系安全带的建议

36、会被认真考虑”不符合题意；D选项“当运输部审查整个情况，它可能采取安全带的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要就如何让校车更安全进行探讨，再根据第二段中心句Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divide

37、d about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory（虽然校车事故的数量并不多，但儿童的安全一直是公众高度关注的问题。虽然每个人都希望看到儿童安全运输，但对于需要做些什么，人们存在分歧尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）可以得知A选项“让校车对孩子们更安全”符合题意。B选项“校车上需要安全带”以及C选项“备用安全装置和程序”都是文章中对于如何让校车对孩子更安全的观点提出来的方法；D选项“校车内外的安全”虽然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描写的内容，下文并没有提及，排除；因此A选

38、项正确。5.单选题No one could come up with an easy solution to the governments predicamentlabor（ ）which is caused by the world financial crisis.问题1选项A.declineB.shortageC.rarityD.vacancy【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降；衰退”； shortage “缺乏；不足”; rarity “罕见；珍贵”；vacancy “空缺，空白”。根据governments predicament “政府困境”与financ

39、ial crisis “经济危机”，可知空格处是要表达“劳动力短缺”的意思，选项D符合题意。6.单选题The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was（ ）early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.问题1选项A.unchangeableB.insignificantC.inevitableD.unsuitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unchangeable “无法改变的”；insignificant “

40、无关紧要的”； inevitable “必然的，不可避免的”; unsuitable “不适合的”。根据表转折的连词but可知前后有一个转折关系，后面提到“它（证据）成为指控那个男人盗窃的关键证据”，可知前面的内容是认为这个证据“无关紧要”，因此选项B符合题意。7.单选题The recruiters speech was so compelling that nearly everyone in the auditorium enlisted in the army when it was over.问题1选项A.resourcefulB.meaningfulC.forcefulD.power

41、ful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”；B选项meaningful“有意义的；意味深长的”；C选项forceful“强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的”；D选项powerful“强大的”。句意：招聘人员的演讲是如此令人信服，以至于演讲结束后，礼堂里几乎每个人都参军了。本句关键词compelling表示“引人注目的；令人信服的；非常强烈的；不可抗拒的”，forceful可以做同义替换，表示有说服力的；因此C选项正确。8.翻译题Translate the following part into Chinese.In social life, time

42、plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. Guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointm

43、ent too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently.【答案】在社交生活中，时间扮演着重要的角色。在美国，如果客人在一个聚会的前3天或4天才收到

44、邀请，他们就会觉得自己没有受到高度重视。但并不是所有国家都这样。在世界的其他地方，太早和别人约好时间被认为是愚蠢的，因为超过一个星期的提前预约很容易被人忘掉。时间在不同国家有不同的意义。因此，来自看待时间不同的文化的人之间会产生误会。9.单选题Helen could not help feeling antipathy to ward her fathers new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helens mother.问题1选项A.sympathyB.concessionC.compassionD.host

45、ility【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sympathy“同情（强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣）；慰问；赞同”；B选项concession“让步；特许（权）；承认；退位”；C选项compassion“同情（强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人）；怜悯”；D选项hostility“敌意；战争行动”。句意：海伦对她父亲的新妻子不禁感到反感，她父亲在海伦的母亲去世仅仅两个月后就娶了她。本句关键词antipathy表示“反感；厌恶；憎恶；不相容”，四个选项中D选项最合适，因此D选项正确。10.单选题When doing business with

46、an Arab, you have to endure hours of small talk, waiting for the topic of commerce to be broached.问题1选项A.brokenB.raisedC.solvedD.concluded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断；打碎；损坏”；B选项raised“提高，举起；使（面包）发酵；抚育，抚养”；C选项solved“解决；解答”；D选项concluded“结束；推断；作结论”。句意：当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时，你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊，等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词be broached表示“被提出”，be raised可以做同义替换，表示被提出。因此B选项正确。