考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷24（附带答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷24（附带答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷24（附带答案详解）（7页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The wealth of a country should be measured（ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in terms ofB.by means ofC.in regard toD.in line with【答案】A【解析】考查短语。in terms of “依据，按照”；by

2、 means of “用，依靠”；in regard to “关于”；in line with “符合，与一致”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从A与B选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项A符合题意。2.单选题He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to（ ）the consequences.问题1选项A.answer forB.step intoC.abide byD.run into【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。answer for “对负责”； s

3、tep into “进入”; abide by “遵守”；run into “遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，选项A符合题意。3.单选题David（ ）his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.问题1选项A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge “保证；许诺”； contribute “贡献，出力”； acknowledge “

4、承认，答谢”；attribute “归属；把归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于”，因此选项D符合题意。4.不定项选择题Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which-includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and p

5、eople of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and t

6、heir life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian

7、 natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by

8、the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence

9、 from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want

10、their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this

11、 payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?2. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?3. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the ma

12、tter of sovereignty?4. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT（ ）.5. Hawaiis native minority refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.C.They are the only native group without sovereignty.D.T

13、heir life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.问题2选项A.He is leading the local independence movement.B.He is Hawaiis first native governor.C.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.D.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.问题3选项A.American Indian natives.B.The Ka Lahui gr

14、oup.C.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D.The Hawaiian natives.问题4选项A.a greater autonomy within the stateB.more back rent on the crown landC.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD.full independence from the US问题5选项A.people with 50% Hawaiian bloodB.Hawaiis ethnic groupsC.the Ka LahuiD.people of Filipino origin

15、【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由B选项关键词“worse than”可以定位到文章第二段第一句The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（这些岛屿在1898年被美国吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起来生活更糟糕。因此B选项“他们的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活

16、更糟糕”正确。由A选项关键词“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless（他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上），说明超过60的夏威夷土著人无家可归，但其中并不包括失业的人数，所以A选项“他们中有60%的人无家可归或失业”错误。由C选项关键词“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.（他们是美国唯一没有某种程度自治权的主要原住民群体。），指的是主要原

17、住民群体，所以C选项“他们是唯一没有主权的土著群体”错误。由D选项关键词“life span”可以定位到第二段第二句and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians（寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的寿命短，而不是一般的美国人，所以D选项“他们的寿命比一般美国人短5年”错误。第2题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“John Waihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分说到a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native go

18、vernor, John Waihee（夏威夷第一任土著州长约翰韦希建立的一个主权咨询委员会），说明John Waihee是夏威夷第一任土著州长，由他成立了主权咨询委员会，所以B选项“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州长”和C选项“他成立了一个主权咨询委员会”表述正确。后半部分说到has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.（建议由夏威夷

19、土著人自己决定是否重新建立一个拥有主权的夏威夷国家，从而极大地推动了土著人的事业。），说明John Waihee建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否建立主权国家，所以D选项“他建议土著人自己决定”表述正确。A选项“他正在领导当地的独立运动”在文中没有提及，因此本题选A。第3题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“less radical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives

20、interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement.（这一立场得到了夏威夷事务办公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一个代表原住民利益的国家机构，现在已经成为原住民主权运动的温和代言人。），说明夏威夷事务办公室在主权问题上的态度是温和、不激进的，题干中的less radical和原文中的moderate对应。因此C选项“夏威夷事务办公室”正确。A选项“美国印第安土著人”，B选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他们希望享有更大的自治权，所以A, B,

21、D错误。第4题:客观细节题。由A选项关键词“greater autonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Some just want greater autonomy within the state（有些人只是想在州内享有更大的自治权），所以A选项“在州内享有更大的自治权”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C选项关键词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有

22、权。），所以C选项“对夏威夷王室土地的所有权要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D选项关键词“full independence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.（更有野心的是卡拉会群体，该群体于1987年宣布自己是一个新国家，并希望完全、正式地从美国独立出来。），所以D此处“完全独立于美国”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B选项关键

23、词“crown land”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land

24、 and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。正是在这个问题上，土著群体面临着来自国家当局的最大反对。1993年，州政府向OHA支付了1.36亿美元的王室土地欠租，许多官员表示，接受这笔款项后，OHA就放弃了对土地的合法所有权。），说明夏威夷土著人要求的是对王室土地的所有权，而不是更多的欠租。因此B选项“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求，本题选

25、B。第5题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“native minority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.（自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明“Hawaiis native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。因此B选项“夏威夷的族群”正确。A选项“有50%夏威夷血统的人”，C选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“菲律宾裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含义，所以A，C，D错误。5.单选题It is

26、believed that the way to （ ） Europes R&D innovation lies in a collaborative approach, featuring both public and private parties.问题1选项A.overrideB.avertC.reinvigorateD.own up to【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项override“推翻；不顾；践踏”；B选项avert“避免，防止；转移”；C选项reinvigorate“使再振作，使复兴”；D选项own up to“承认；承认错误，坦白”。句意：人们认为，重振欧洲研发创新的

27、途径在于公私双方共同参与的合作方式。本句表示“使欧洲研发创新重振的途径”，因此C选项正确。6.单选题Colour blindness is inability to distinguish one or more of the three colours red, green, and blue. (Ability to see colour exists in only a few vertebrates, including, among others, man and the other primates, fish, amphibians, some reptiles, and som

28、e birds; and in bees and butterflies.) In the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the back and sides of the eyeball, there are, in human beings, three types of cones, the visual cells that function in the perception of colour. One type absorbs light best in wavelengths of blue-vio

29、let and another in the wavelengths of green. The third type is most sensitive to wavelengths of yellow but is also sensitive to red.Colour-blind persons may be blind to one, two, or all of the colours red. green, and blue. (Blindness to red is called protanopia; to green, deuteranopia; and to blue,

30、tritanopia.) Red-blind persons are ordinarily unable to distinguish between red and green, while blue-blind persons cannot distinguish between blue and yellow. Green-blind persons are unable to see the green part of the spectrum.Colour blindness, which affects about 20 times as many males as females

31、, is a sex-linked recessive characteristic. A woman must inherit the trait from both parents to be colour-blind. A colour-blind man and a woman of normal colour vision have daughters who have normal colour vision. But are carriers of the trait that is, the daughters may have colour-blind sons and da

32、ughters who are carriers. The sons of a colour-blind man and a woman with normal vision themselves have normal vision and are unable to pass the colour-blind trait on to offspring. The son of a normal man and a carrier woman may be colour-blind, and the daughter of such a union may be a carrier. Thu

33、s, colour blindness tends to skip generations.1.（ ）person is unable to distinguish blue and yellow.2. The underlined word “skip” in the last sentence of this passage most probably means（ ）.3. According to this passage,（ ）.4. It can be know from this passage that（ ）has normal vision and is unable to

34、pass the colour-blindtrait on to offspring.问题1选项A.A colour-blindB.A deuteranopicC.A protanopicD.A tritanopic问题2选项A.omitB.clipC.slipD.emit问题3选项A.inability to distinguish only one colour is usually not regarded as colour blindnessB.only a few vertebrates have the ability to see coloursC.only humans ha

35、ve the remarkable ability to see coloursD.all vertebrates cannot see colours问题4选项A.the daughter of a colour-blind man and a colour-blind womanB.the daughter of a normal man and a colour-blind womanC.the son of a normal man and a colour-blind womanD.the son of a colour-blind man and a woman with norm

36、al vision【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(while blue-blind persons cannot distinguish between blue and yellow)，前面提到to blue, tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skip generation就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事

37、实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Ability to see colour exists in only a few vertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（The sons of a colour-blind man and a woman with normal vision themselves have normal vision and are unable to p

38、ass the colour-blind trait on to offspring），因此选项D符合题意。7.翻译题Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.For too long, a small group in our Capital has reaped the rewards of government while the people have borne the cost. Washington flourished, bu

39、t the people did not share in its wealth. Politicians prospered, but the jobs left, and the factories closed. Their victories have not been your victories; their triumphs have not been your triumphs; and while they celebrated in our Capital, there was little to celebrate for struggling families all

40、across our land.【答案】长期以来，我们首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代价却由人民来承担。华盛顿欣欣向荣，人民却没有分享到财富。政客们兴旺发达，工作机会却越来越少，工厂纷纷倒闭。他们的胜利不是你们的胜利；他们的成功不是你们的成功；当他们在我们的首都欢呼庆祝时，这片土地上无数挣扎的家庭却没有什么值得庆祝的。8.单选题Applied science is（ ）discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.问题1选项A.concerned aboutB.combined withC.concerned f

41、orD.concerned with【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。be concerned about “担心，关心”；be combined with “与联合”；be concerned for “为担忧”；be concerned with “涉及，参与，关心”。根据后面“探究理论科学知识的运用方法”可知是 applied science “应用科学”涉及到的具体内容，因此选项D符合题意。9.单选题Theres a buzz in the air at the El Diablo Coffee Co. in Seattle, and its not just coming from t

42、he aroma of the shops Cuban-style coffee drinks. On a recent Wednesday evening, as most customers sat quietly reading books or tapping away on their laptop computers, about 15 people gathered in a circle discussing philosophy. “What is a well-lived life?” asked one, as the group enjoyed an intellect

43、ual high.Known as a Socrates Cafe, the group at El Diablo is just one of 150 or so that meet in coffee shops, bookstores, libraries, churches and community centers across the country. Founded by Christopher Phillips, a former journalist and teacher, the cafes are designed to get people talking about

44、 philosophical issues. Using a kind of Socratic method, they encourage people to develop their views by posing questions, being open to challenges and considering alternative answers. Adhering to Socrates belief that the unexamined life is not worth living, the cafes focus on exchanging ideas, not u

45、sing them to pummel other participants.“Instead of just yelling back and forth, we take a few steps back and examine peoples underlying values. People can ask why to their hearts content says Philips, whose most recent book Six Questions of Socrates, came out earlier this year.While a modern-day dis

46、cussion group based on the teachings of a thinker from the 5th century B.C. may seem weirdly outdated, Socrates Cafes have found a surprisingly large and diverse following. “People who get off on ideas come to this,” says Fred Korn, 65, a retired philosophy professor, who attends the Wednesday-night

47、 meetings at El Diablo. “Outside of college, therere not a lot of opportunities to get together with people who want to talk about ideas.”For Philips, the dialogue groups are about much more than good conversation. “Its grass-roots democracy.” he says. “Its only in a group setting that people can ha

48、sh out their ideas about how we should act not just as an individual but as a society.” To avoid divisive dead-end arguments, the cafes frequently turn current events into broader philosophical questions. For example, instead of arguing about whether gay couples should marry, a group asked, “what is

49、 an excellent marriage?”While Phillips believes the cafes can benefit anyone, one of his favorite groups is children. Philosophy is important for kids of all ages, Philip says, because “it gives them this great chance to shape their moral code, to figure out clearly who they are and who they want to

50、 be.The whole idea is not that we have to find a final answer; its that we keep thinking about these things.” One question at a time.1. By describing the scene of the El Diablo Coffee, the author implies that（ ）.2. According to the passage, the discussion group holds that（ ）.3. According to the pass

51、age, Socrates Cafes are（ ）.4. The discussion group usually avoids talking about current events in order to（ ）.5. By mentioning “One question at a time” in the last sentence, the author means that children should（ ）.问题1选项A.the El Diablo Coffee is the first Cafe where people meet to discuss philosophy

52、B.discussion groups based on the teachings of Socrates are reviving at cafesC.when thinking about the meaning of life, people often enjoy high spiritsD.many people enjoy discussing philosophy, especially the teachings of Socrates问题2选项A.people should attack others viewsB.people should challenge the a

53、uthorityC.people should help othersD.people should meditate on their life问题3选项A.welcomed by a large number of overseas visitorsB.considered good places to talk about philosophyC.places where people are free to ask all kinds of questionsD.places where people are free to criticize others views问题4选项A.p

54、revent unsolvable disputeB.ward off tender subjectsC.study philosophical questionsD.focus on general topics问题5选项A.ask one question at a timeB.think about one question at a timeC.discuss one question at a timeD.answer one question at a time【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过描绘咖啡店的场面，作者暗

55、示了什么？”文章第四段第一句话提到“虽然一个以公元前5世纪思想家教义为基础的现代讨论组织可能古怪过时，但是苏格拉底咖啡馆却意外地吸引了一大群形形色色的追随者”（While a modern-day discussion group based on the teachings of a thinker from the 5th century B.C. may seem weirdly outdated, Socrates Cafes have found a surprisingly large and diverse following），由此可知选项D“很多人喜欢讨论哲学，尤其是苏格拉底

56、的教义”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，讨论组织持有什么观点？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“秉承苏格拉底的信念，未经审视的生活不值得过下去，咖啡馆专注于交换想法，而不是用它们来打击其他参与者”（Adhering to Socrates belief that the unexamined life is not worth living, the cafes focus on exchanging ideas, not using them to pummel other participants），由此可知选项D“人们应该沉思他们的生活”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是

57、“根据文章可知，苏格拉底咖啡是”。文章第二段第二句话提到“咖啡馆是由前记者兼教师Christopher创办，旨在让人们谈论哲学问题”（Founded by Christopher Phillips, a former journalist and teacher, the cafes are designed to get people talking about philosophical issues），因此选项B“被认为是一个谈论哲学的好去处”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“讨论组时常避免谈论时事是为了”。文章第五段提到“为了避免陷入无休止的争论，咖啡馆经常将时事转变成更广的哲学问

58、题”（To avoid divisive dead-end arguments, the cafes frequently turn current events into broader philosophical questions），因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章最后一行提到一次一个问题，作者认为孩子们应该”。文章最后一段提到这给他们（孩子们）一个很好的机会来塑造他们的道德准则，弄清楚他们是谁，他们想成为谁。整个想法并不是说我们必须找到一个最终的答案，而是我们一直在想这些事情（The whole idea is not that we have to find a

59、final answer; its that we keep thinking about these things），随后提出one question at a time，因此可知是“一次思考一个问题”，选项B符合题意。10.单选题Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which（ ）them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.问题1选项A.deprivesB.restrictsC.deniesD.rejects【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deprive “剥夺”；restrict “限制；约束”； deny “否定，拒绝给与”；reject “限制，约束”。一些青少年为什么会“憎恨社会”，就是因为社会“拒绝给与他们承认的权利和特权”，因此选项C符合题意。