考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷16（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题 Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War

2、and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. This islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemploymen

3、t and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the

4、Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state-as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position sup

5、ported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official in

6、dependence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. Th

7、ey also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by a

8、ccepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaiis native minority refers to（ ）.2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?4. Which of the fol

9、lowing groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.Hawaiis ethnic groupsB.People of Filipino originC.The Ka Lahui groupD.People with 50% Hawaiian blood问题2选项A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B

10、.They are the only native group without sovereignty.C.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.D.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.问题3选项A.He is Hawaiis first native governor.B.He is leading the local independence movement.C.He has set up a sovereignty ad

11、visory committee.D.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.问题4选项A.The Ka Lahui groupB.The Hawaiian nativesC.Office of Hawaiian AffairsD.American Indian natives问题5选项A.greater autonomy within the stateB.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landC.more back rent on the crown landD.full independenc

12、e from the US【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. 夏威夷本土少数民族要求更多处理本地事物的自主权。”和第二段“This islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native people have fared worse than

13、any of its other ethnic groups. 1898年美国吞并夏威夷岛后，夏威夷岛的原住民情况比其他种族的情况变得更糟糕。”故由此推断这里的本土少数民族是指夏威夷岛原住民，正确答案选A。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are t

14、he only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. 他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上，失业率更高，他们的寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年。他们是唯一没有一定程度自治权的美国主要土著群体。”选项A、B和C描述均过于绝对，故正确答案选D。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives caus

15、e a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. 但是，夏威夷第一任本土出生的州长约翰怀希，设立主权咨询委员会，极大地促进了夏威夷原住民的发展事业，以此建议夏威夷原住民自己决定是否建立一个主权独立的夏威夷国家。”由此可知选项B文章中没有提到，故正确答案选B。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“This is a position supported by th

16、e Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. 这一工作得到夏威夷事务办公室的支持，此机构1978年成立是为原住民服务，现在成了本土主权运动的温和派”，由此可知夏威夷事务办公室在自主权问题上态度温和而不激进。正确答案选C。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段末“Mo

17、re ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. ”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一个比较激进的种族宣布脱离美国管辖，成立独立王国。故正确答案应该为C。2.单选题 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points periods, countries, dramatic events,

18、and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revoluti

19、on that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happ

20、ened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Histo

21、rians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment preclu

22、des a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in thei

23、r lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative

24、 instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of

25、 history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon

26、 the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be

27、true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the text?2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as（ ） .4.

28、The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (Last Line, Paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to（ ） .5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lac

29、ks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment

30、of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.问题2选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.B.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.C.Past and cu

31、rrent events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.问题3选项A.a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, fo

32、r the most part, unverifiableB.an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rareC.an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete unitsD.a record of the w

33、ay in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events问题4选项A.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional hi

34、storians method and that of psychohistoriansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method问题5选项A.make general statements without reference to specific examplesB.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.question the adequacy of the

35、psychohistorians interpretation of eventsD.point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲了心理历史学家研究历史的方法特点和与传统历史研究的对比。因此选项A“心理历史学家的历史研究方法虽然缺乏传统历史方法的严谨性和可验证性，但目前仍是一种流行的研究方法。”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段

36、“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。”由此可知C选项“过去和现在的事件都放置在同样的确定模式里”正确。3.【试

37、题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。” 由此可知D选项“一

38、种封闭的、不可改变的心理法则似乎塑造了事件的记录”正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家相信他们自己的理论是绝对正确的，也相信他们的理论是对任何事件的最深刻的解释，

39、其他的解释都不符合事实。”由此可知作者对心理历史学家关于他们工作的说法的准确性持保留态度。因此选项A正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由最后一段中“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不考虑过去的特殊性，而将所有过去和现

40、在的事件并入一个单一的确定模式，而这种模式在所有的时间和情况下被假设是正确的。”对应知A项“在不提具体例子的情况下做总体的陈述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. 且它违反了历史方法的基本原则，即历史学家应该留意将会否定他们论点的反面事例”知B项“描述了传统历史学家所使用的一些标准”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistori

41、ans, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确，也确信他们的理论的解释是对任何事件的最深入的解释，从而也确信其他解释缺乏真理”知C项“质疑心理历史学家对事件解释的适当性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中没有提及的D项“指出心理历史学家在应用他

42、们的方式上的不一致”正确。3.单选题Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe （ ）it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but thatC.provided thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里的空格考查前后两个句子之间的关系。根据后面句子的意思“it provides the building blocks from which

43、 the other elements are produced 它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。这里选项D“in that 因为”适合前后句子语境意思，句意为：氢是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因为它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架。D为正确答案。4.翻译题 30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同

44、样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订外商投资产业指导目录。(参考词汇：self-dependent innovative: consultation; rules of origin; entry threshold)【答案】 Over the last three decades, foreign direct investment has brought capital, advanced technologies and business know-how to China. We understand that FDI fos

45、ters innovation. That is why, in April, we held a public consultation to review the criteria we use to accredit “self-dependent innovative products”. The results emphasized that all foreign enterprises are given equal treatment and that all their products are considered to be “made in China”, while

46、the same rules of origin are applied to them as to Chinese products. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has continually lowered the entry threshold for foreign investment. Since 1997, we have revised the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment Guidance four times.5.翻译题 Companie

47、s now realize that viruses arent “urban myth”, and can be a serious impact on their operations. They invest in anti-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedures to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. Anti-virus

48、 software detects most of the viruses your users are likely to encounteroften without the user even knowing. However, anti-virus software must be updated regularly, preferably daily in any large company. Even then, a very new virus can infect your users. With the rapid transmission of files through

49、networks and the Internet, a virus can spread a considerable distance before it can be identified and protected against.【答案】 各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最 新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的

50、病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。6.单选题It is reported that thirty people were killed in a （ ）on the railway yesterday.问题1选项A.collisionB.collaborationC.corrosionD.confrontation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项collision“碰撞”；B选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；C选项corrosion“腐蚀，侵蚀”；D选项confron

51、tation“对抗，面对”，根据空格前后的句子成分判断，这里应该填一个名词，充当介词的宾语，从句意思是“有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生”，可知空格部分单词为“撞击事故”，句意为：据报道有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生。故正确答案A。7.单选题After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly （ ）the little rain that fell last night.问题1选项A.skippedB.soakedC.retrievedD.absorbed【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项skip“跳跃、遗漏”；B选项

52、soak“浸湿”；C选项retrieve“检索、恢复”；D选项absorb“吸收、承受”，由题干可推测地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意为：这么多星期没有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正确答案选D。8.单选题English literature and Linguistics are （ ）courses for English majors.问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.conditionalD.conventional【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“拘泥的，被强迫的”；B选项compulsory “义务的，必修的

53、”；C选项conditional“条件语气的”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的，传统的”。主语是“English literature and Linguistics英国文学和语言学”，空格后面“courses课程”是句子的表语。由此判断空格部分意思为“compulsory courses必修课程”，句意为：英国文学和语言学是英语专业的必修课程。选项B为正确答案。9.单选题 Until recently, women in advertisements were one of three things an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown.

54、Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, “This ad degrades women.” Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies still produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that o

55、ffends the consumer? The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print media) is carrying out a research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although

56、women are often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain. Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs (笨蛋) who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as incon

57、siderate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context. Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women ar

58、e not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angrythey just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not adver

59、tisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. “Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisements tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.” In

60、 the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the busines

61、s seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow.1. Despite recent changes in attitudes, some advertisements still fail to（ ） .2. According to the writer, the commonest fault of present-day advertising is to（ ） .3. Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement

62、 ought to（ ） .4. Ultimately the advertising industry should（ ） .5. The author seems to suggest that in order to improve advertising the customer should （ ）.问题1选项A.change womens opinions of themselvesB.meet the needs of the advertising industryC.persuade the public to buy certain productsD.show any u

63、nderstanding of womens feelings问题2选项A.present a misleading image of womenB.ignore protests against advertisementsC.misrepresent the activities of menD.condemn the role of the housewife问题3选项A.use male images instead of female onesB.give further emphasis to practical adviceC.change their style rather than their contentD.pay more compliments to women than before问题4选项A.take its job more earnestlyB.do more pioneering workC.take n