考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷24（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The workload can be evened out, instead of the shop having busy times and（ ）periods.问题1选项A.prosperousB.memorableC.discreteD.slack【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；memorable “难忘的，值得纪念的”；discrete“离散的，不连续的”；slack “松弛的，萧条的”

2、。句意：工作量可以均衡分配，这样商店就不会有旺季和淡季之分。选项D符合句意。2.单选题Since the dawn of civilization, mankind has been obsessed by the possibility that it will one day be extinguished. The impact of an asteroid on earth and the spectre of nuclear holocaust are the most prevalent millennial fears. Now some scientists are incre

3、asingly leaning towards the view that a new nightmare must be added to the list. Their concern is that intelligent computers will eventually develop minds of their own and destroy the human race.The latest warning comes from Professor Stephen Hawking. He told an interviewer this week that artificial

4、 intelligence could “outsmart us all” and that a technological catastrophe is a “near certainty”.Most non-experts will dismiss his claims as a fantasy rooted in science fiction. But the pace of progress in artificial intelligence, or AI, means policy makers should already be considering the social c

5、onsequences.According to a recent survey, half the worlds AI experts believe human-level machine intelligence will be achieved by 2040 and 90 per cent say it will arrive by 2075. Several AI experts talk about the possibility that the human brain will eventually be “reverse engineered”. Some prominen

6、t tech leaders, meanwhile, warn that the consequences are unpredictable. Elon Musk, the pioneer of electric cars, has argued that advanced computer technology is “potentially more dangerous than nuclear threats. That said, the risk that computers might one day pose a challenge to humanity should be

7、put in perspective. Scientists may not be able to say with certainty when, or if, machines will match or outperform mankind.But before the world gets to that point, the drawing together of both human and computer intelligence will almost certainly help to tackle pressing problems that cannot otherwi

8、se be solved. The growing ability of computers to crunch enormous quantities of data, for example, will play a huge role in helping humanity tackle climate change and disease over the next few decades. It would be folly to arrest the development of computer technology now一and forgo those benefits一be

9、cause of risks that lie much further in the future.There is every reason to be optimistic about AI research. There is no evidence that scientists will struggle to control computers, even at their most advanced stage. But this is a sector in which pioneers must tread carefullyand with their eyes open

10、 to the enduring ability of science to surprise us.1.According to Paragraph 1 , （ ）.2.The underlined word “catastrophe” can be interpreted as（ ）.3.Professor Stephen Hawking believes that artificial intelligence（ ）.4.AI experts contend that（ ）.5.With the help of computer intelligence, human beings ca

11、n（ ）.6.The author suggests that we should（ ）.问题1选项A.human civilization will some day disappearB.intelligent computers will threaten mankind one dayC.natural disasters will lead to human extinctionD.artificial intelligence will control the human mind问题2选项A.revolutionB.advancementC.challengeD.disaster

12、问题3选项A.will be much smarter than humansB.only appears in science fictionsC.should not be overdevelopedD.will have negative social impacts问题4选项A.humans may be threatened by artificial intelligenceB.the implications of AI development is still unknownC.the human brain will not be subject to machine int

13、elligenceD.computer technology can cause massive destruction问题5选项A.solve technical problemsB.conduct vast data analysisC.forecast weather preciselyD.prevent fatal diseases问题6选项A.restrict AI development due to the potential risksB.be optimistic about AI and maximize the benefitsC.cautiously develop A

14、I with an open attitudeD.suspend AI research at its most advanced stage【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.段落大意题。将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “Since the dawn of civilization, mankind has been obsessed by the possibility that it will one day be extinguished” “t intelligent computers will eventually develop mi

15、nds of their own and destroy the human race.（自从文明诞生以来，人类就一直被这样一种可能性所困扰:有一天，智能计算机将被消灭，而智能计算机最终将发展出人类自己的思想，并毁灭人类。）”即可得出本题答案。2.词汇推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据前文的 “warning（警告）”和第一段的 “extinguished（灭绝的）”，即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Stephen Hawking，可将信息定位至原文第二段。根据 “artificial intelligence could outsmart

16、us all and that a technological catastrophe is a near certainty（ 人工智能可能“智胜我们所有人”，一场技术灾难“几乎是肯定的”）”即可得出本题答案。4.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据 “the consequences are unpredictable” “potentially more dangerous than nuclear threats.（其后果是不可预测的，可能比核威胁更危险）”即可归纳总结得出本题答案。5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“help of computer intellig

17、ence”，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。 根据 “The growing ability of computers to crunch enormous quantities of data（计算机处理大量数据的能力越来越强，）,”即可得出本题答案。6.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据 “There is every reason to be optimistic about AI research（我们完全有理由对人工智能研究保持乐观）” “pioneers must tread carefully（开拓者必须小心行事）”,即可得出本题答案。3.单选题He mak

18、es an （ ） case that the oceans forgotten corners have become too dangerous to neglect.问题1选项A.eminentB.eligibleC.eloquentD.animated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。eminent “杰出的；有名的”；eligible “合格的；合适的”；eloquent “雄辩的；有说服力的”；animated “生机勃勃的；活跃的”。句意：他用一个_案例证明被遗忘的海洋角落已经变得非常危险，不应该被忽视。根据句意可知选项C符合题意。4.单选题We can（ ）broadly

19、between the intention of knowing, and the intention of doing, which correspond roughly to the conventional distinction between pure and applied mathematics.问题1选项A.separateB.extinguishC.distinguishD.disguise【答案】C【解析】考察动词辨析。separate “隔离”；extinguish “压制”；distinguish “区分”；disguise “伪装”。句意：我们可以大致区分为求知意图和

20、行为意图，大约对应传统观点对纯理论数学和应用数学的区分。选项C符合句意。5.单选题Wright，a computer scientist, is plotting an experiment with a humanoid robot called Nao. He and his colleagues plan to introduce this cute robot to people on the street and elsewherewhere it will deliberately invade their privacy. Upon meeting strangers, for

21、example, Nao may use face-recognition software to dig up some detailed information online about them. Or, it may tap into their mobile phones location tracking history, learn where they ate lunch yesterday, and ask what they thought of the soup.Wright is one of a number of researchers wondering whet

22、her we can trust the robots that are poised to enter our lives. Scientists and scholars argue that if robots become ubiquitous, theyll be able to constantly watch and record us. One of the greatest threats, it seems, is to our privacy.Robots have already been working in factories for decades. Some a

23、re now in our homes, cleaning our floors, while others may soon keep a watchful eye on us as security guards or help take care of the elderly. In the last year alone, Google, which is already developing self-driving cars, bought eight robot companies.Yet despite advances in technology and in artific

24、ial intelligence, were still a long way from intelligent robots. What will empower them, however, is the cloud: the distributed, networked computing in which the Internet lives. By connecting to the Internet, robots can retrieve information and ask for help as they navigate the world, for example.It

25、 would be the next step in a technological evolution already underway. “What were increasingly seeing now is the existence of computers and sensing devices as part of the infrastructure that surrounds us, says Wright, based at the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford. With smartphon

26、es, the rise of wearable technologies like Google Glass, and the availability of wirelessInternet almost everywhere, the Internet is embedding itself deeper into our environment.“Ultimately, what a robot is or what a robot represents is an increasing presence of computers as more physical objects th

27、at we interact with,” Wright says. “Those interactions are going to be very rich,” he adds. “Its going to be physical and pervasive. ”Perhaps thats part of the reason why some of the major web technology firms, such as Google, have been embracing robotics. Some researchers and privacy advocates are

28、concerned that robots could act as physical extensions of these companies, giving them tremendous access into your life.1.What is true about the humanoid robot Nao?2.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” (Paragraph 2) most probably mean?3.Google is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to（ ）.4.Which of the

29、following statements is true about the cloud?5.Some major web technology firms embrace robotics because（ ）.6.What is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.It is used to intrude into peoples privacy.B.It has a lot of detailed information in its software.C.It can track where people put their mobile pho

30、nes.D.It can help people order in a restaurant.问题2选项A.Unique.B.Ridiculous.C.Commonplace.D.Powerful.问题3选项A.show the latest development of robotsB.illustrate its contribution to the robotic industryC.explain the application of robots on the InternetD.demonstrate the widespread use of robots问题4选项A.It i

31、s the latest development in artificial intelligence.B.It can help develop intelligent robots.C.It is a network of Internet-connected computers.D.It is a navigation tool for world travelers.问题5选项A.robots make human interactions with the Internet more prevalentB.robots could advance technological revo

32、lutionC.robots can improve the natural environmentD.robots can protect the business secrets of companies问题6选项A.What is the Underlying Power of Robots?B.Robots: Can We Trust Them with Our Privacy?C.The Evolution of Robotic Technology.D.The Future of Robotic Technology.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题

33、:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词 “the humanoid robot Nao”，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句。根据 “He and his colleagues plan to introduce this cute robot to people on the street and elsewherewhere it will deliberately invade their privacy.( 他和他的同事们计划把这个可爱的机器人介绍给大街上的人和其他地方的人它会故意侵犯他们的隐私。)”,即可得出本题答案。2.词义推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据

34、“if robots become ubiquitous, theyll be able to constantly watch and record us(如果机器人变得无处不在，它们将能够不断地观察和记录我们)”,即可得出本题答案。3.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据 “been working in factories for decades(在工厂工作了几十年)” “Google, which is already developing self-driving cars, bought eight robot companies.( 谷歌公司也运用机器人，开

35、发了无人驾驶车，并已经购买了8个机器人公司。)”,即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。4.细节判断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据 “were still a long way from intelligent robots. What will empower them, however, is the cloud(尽管目前我们离智能机器人还很遥远，但是云(cloud)是可以用来开发机器人技术的。)”即可得出本题答案。5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文倒数第二段。根据 “Those interactions are going to be very rich

36、,” he adds. “Its going to be physical and pervasive. ”(“这些互动将非常丰富，”他补充道。“它将是物理的和普遍的。”)”,即可得出本题答案。6.主旨大意题。根据 “researchers wondering whether we can trust the robots that are poised to enter our lives(研究人员想知道，我们是否能信任即将进入我们生活的机器人)” “concerned that robots could act as physical extensions of these compani

37、es, giving them tremendous access into your life(担心机器人会成为这些公司的实体延伸，让它们大量进入你的生活)” ,可概括出，文章主要围绕机器人技术的开发会不会威胁人们的隐私这一问题展开。从而得出本题答案。6.单选题Trading in private shares is growing rapidly, though its hard to _ exact numbers.问题1选项A.boil downB.pin downC.turn downD.count down【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. boil down 归结，浓缩 B. p

38、in down 确定，明确C. turn down 调低，调小 D. count down 倒数，倒计时【考查点】动词词组辨析。【解题思路】空格处与下文的“exact numbers（确切的数额）”构成动宾逻辑，its hard to do sth.句式意为“很难做某事”，表示很难怎么样确切的数额。though引导了一个让步状语从句，根据从句内容所得出的某种预期应与主句“内部股票的交易正在迅速增长（growing rapidly）”之间存在相反的逻辑关系，说明该预期应为“不清楚交易的增长情况”。通常来说只有确定了增长的数额，才能清楚交易的增长情况，由此可知从句部分所表达的应该是“很难确定确切的

39、数额”。同时，由“exact（确切的）”也可推出应该是“确定”一个具体的数额。pin down指准确地表述或解释某事物，因此B选项pin down“确定，明确”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项boil down“归结，浓缩”指通过删去不重要的部分使事物或信息变得更简短精炼，不符合题干的语义逻辑；C选项turn down“调低，调小”指通过操作按钮或开关等控制装置来降低某物的音量、温度等，不能和“确切的数额（exact numbers）”进行搭配；D选项count down“倒数，倒计时”指按从大到小的倒序数，可引申为密切注意在某一特定时刻或事件发生前还剩多少时间，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】

40、尽管很难确定确切的数字，但内部股票的交易正在迅速增长。7.单选题（ ） of organic foods-a term whose meaning varies greatly-frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.问题1选项A.CaptivesB.AddictsC.ContestantsD.Advocates【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。captive “俘虏”；addict “吸毒成瘾的人；入迷的人”；contestant “竞争者”；advocate “拥护者

41、”。句意：有机食品这个术语的意义至今多样，它的_宣称这类食品比其他食品更加安全，更加有营养。选项D符合题意。8.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rath

42、er than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy,

43、no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowle

44、dge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news.Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences cre

45、ate higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this a

46、ssumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most drama

47、tic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as so

48、mething occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters own independent inve

49、stigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a states new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governors press release on the new prison than it

50、 is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for exa

51、mple, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。（2）也有必要停下来思考一下：如果公民的政治知识的主要来源是图片丰富而资料贫乏的电视晚间新闻，那么他们的知识面可能会有多窄？（3）媒体专业人士承受着压力，要以娱乐

52、方式报道新闻，以扩大受众面，增加相应的广告收入。（4）报道话题时，重点通常是话题的直接和最有戏剧性的意义，而不是从历史、长远或全球角度来看待那些话题。（5）一些分析人士认为，这使得记者更倾向于从官方渠道获取信息，而不是从自己对具有新闻价值的事件进行的独立调查来获得信息。9.写作题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your Answer Sheet II.TOPICMany people judge the value o

53、f things by their practicality or usefulness. What is your opinion on this topic? Support your argument with reasons or examples.【答案】【参考范文】People tend to judge the value of things by their practicality or usefulness. Although I understand why people do so, I still hold that the value of things shoul

54、d not be judged only by their practicality or usefulness.To start with, the value of things cannot be judged by any one-dimensional standard. A thing may have different values in the eyes of different people. Judging the value of things by their practicality or usefulness is just one dimension but n

55、ot necessarily the best dimension. From a mundane outlook, practical things may bring people more benefits and rewards. Looking from a historical perspective, we could find the origin of such a utilitarian outlook in some hard times. During those historical periods when a scarcity of food was a ubiq

56、uitous phenomenon, survival was of the utmost priority, and judging the value of things from their usefulness could ensure human beings survival to a maximum extent. After all, there was little chance for people to waste their precious resources on useless things.However, as the living standard is r

57、ising higher and higher in modern society, nowadays people are much less worried about the adequacy of living substances than they were in the bygone ages. At this time, how to judge the value of things has become a multidimensional choice. Some individuals begin to cherish spiritual or aesthetic va

58、lue of things. New generations are often pursuing different kinds of value in a postmodern society, and the practicality is no longer the single standard to measure the value of things.Furthermore, the aesthetic value of things is also a dimension which deserves our attention. Few of us could resist

59、 the temptation of a beautiful fresh flower, as well as the healing power of an unforgettable melody, and the colorful glamour of an exquisite painting. There may be little practical use in art or artistic objects, but they do have a value in the eyes of an appreciating admirer. Although the spiritu

60、al value of a thing looks intangible, it could really exert a profound influence on people. For instance, gazing at the world famous painting “Sunflower” on the wall, we could feel Vincent van Goghs burning vitality and get inspired when we are in a gloomy mood. Listening to Mozarts music do help us

61、 relax in a pleasant mood.Therefore, there are many ways we can employ to measure the value of things. It is one-sided to judge the value of things only by their practicality or usefulness.10.单选题Google is not the only search utility in town, but it comes with such a(n) （ ）collection of tools to focus your search that it is the engine of choice for many of us.问题1选项A.comparableB.formidableC.innumerableD.compatible【答案】B【解析】考察形容词辨析。comparable “可比较的”；formidable “强大的”；innumerable “无数的”；compatible “兼容的”。句意：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它有强大的工具集合，使其能够强化搜索能力，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。选项B符合句意。