考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷25（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree course. Usually it is left to（1）to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduates resume,（2）now t

2、he University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who（3）time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLUS aims to boost students in an increasingly（4）job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside（5）qualifications.“Our students are a pre

3、tty active bunch but we found that they didnt（6）appreciate the value of what they did（7）the lecture hall，” says Jeff Good man, director of careers and employability at the university. “Employers are much more（8）than they used to be. They used to look for（9）and saw it as part of their job to extract

4、the value of an applicants skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are（10）to the job.Students who sign（11）for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or（12）work, attend four workshops on employability- skill, take part in an intensive skill-re

5、lated activity,（13）crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained.（14）efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who（15）best on the sports field can take the Sporting PLUS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be（16）org

6、anized. Were not just interested in easily identifiable skills, says Goodman. “（17）one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so（18）negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives.”Goodman hopes the（19）will enable active students to fill in any

7、gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active（20）to take up activities outside their academic area of work.问题1选项A.advisorsB.specialistC.criticsD.employers问题2选项A.whichB.butC.unlessD.since问题3选项A.divideB.devoteC.deliverD.donate问题4选项A.harmoniousB.competitiveC.resourcefulD.prosperous问题5选项A.art

8、isticB.technicalC.academicD.interactive问题6选项A.dominantlyB.earnestlyC.necessarilyD.gracefully问题7选项A.outsideB.alongC.overD.through问题8选项A.generousB.considerateC.enlighteningD.demanding问题9选项A.originB.initialC.popularityD.potential问题10选项A.relevantB.responsiveC.reluctantD.respective问题11选项A.outB.offC.awayD

9、.up问题12选项A.casualB.electiveC.domesticD.voluntary问题13选项A.orB.thusC.soD.and问题14选项A.OccasionalB.ExceptionalC.InformativeD.Relative问题15选项A.performB.conveyC.circulateD.formulate问题16选项A.roughlyB.randomlyC.formallyD.fortunately问题17选项A.For instanceB.In essenceC.In contrastD.Of course问题18选项A.demonstratedB.de

10、terminedC.operatedD.involved问题19选项A.deviceB.sectionC.schemeD.distraction问题20选项A.attendantsB.agentsC.membersD.peers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:D第10题:A第11题:D第12题:D第13题:D第14题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:A第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】（1）词义辨析。advisors顾问，指导教授，劝告者；specialist专家；critics评论家；批评者；employers雇主

11、；本文谈论大学生课外实践与就业的关系，根据空格后的关键部分“on a graduates resume在毕业生的简历上”可知，D选项“雇主”正确。（2）逻辑词。根据上下文的内容长期以来，有组织的志愿活动和工作经验一直是大学学位课程的重要伴侣。通常情况下，由雇主从毕业生的简历上列出的课外经历中推断出他们的潜力，现在布里斯托尔大学推出了一项奖励，以正式确定学生的成就。，以及关键词“usually通常”和“now现在之间的对比关系，确定B项“但是”表转折和对比正确。（3）固定搭配。根据上下文语境，此处表示“花费时间干什么事”，且介词to后面是名词，B选项构成搭配“devote .to.把用于，投入.

12、”，所以B选项正确。（4）词义辨析。harmonious和谐的，和睦的；协调的；competitive 竞争的，有竞争性的，有竞争力的；resourceful资源丰富的；足智多谋的；prosperous繁荣的；兴旺的；此处句意是“Bristol PLUS旨在通过帮助学生获得工作和生活技能来增强他们在劳动市场的”，因此，根据语境可知，B项“竞争力的”正确。（5）词义辨析。artistic艺术的；风雅的；有美感的；technical工艺的，科技的；技术上的；academic学术的；学院的；interactive交互式的；相互作用的；空格处修饰名词qualifications“资格；合格证书”，而且

13、与“work and life skills工作和生活技能”并列，所以C项构成“academic qualifications学历”符合搭配和语境。（6）词义辨析。dominantly有统治权地，支配地；earnestly认真地；诚挚地；necessarily必要地；必定地，必然地；gracefully优雅地；温文地；空格后表示“appreciate the value重视价值”，空格处的副词要修饰动词“appreciate欣赏；感激；看重”，C选项“必要地”搭配合适，正确。（7）介词辨析。根据上下文以及本句 “they didnt necessarily appreciate the val

14、ue of what they did the lecture hall.大学生们没有必要地看重他们在讲堂所做的事情的价值”可知，此处填入介词表示“在之外”，即 A选项正确。（8）词义辨析。generous慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；considerate体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的；enlightening使人领悟的，有启发作用的；demanding苛刻的，要求高的；根据后面两句中关于过去和现在的状况对比可知本句句意是现在比以前的要求更高一些，D选项“要求高的；苛求的”正确。（9）词义辨析。origin起源；原点；initial词首大写字母popularity普及，流行；名气；potentia

15、l潜力，潜能根据后文 “saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicants skills将其视为他们工作的一部分，以获得申请人的技能价值”可知，it是指代前文空格处的内容，D选项“潜力”符合语境。（10）词义辨析题。relevant相关的；切题的；中肯的；responsive响应的；应答的；reluctant不情愿的；勉强的；respective分别的，各自的；根据上下文的语境，此处表达的是雇主希望学生们能够解释为什么那些技能与工作是相关的，所以A选项“相关的”正确。（11）固定搭配。“sign up for选课；

16、报名参加”符合语境和搭配，D选项正确。（12）词义辨析。casual临时的，非正式的，随便的；elective选修的，选任的；domestic国内的，家用的，家庭的；voluntary自愿的；志愿的；自发的；根据文章首句可知，此处是首句信息复现有组织的志愿活动和工作经验，所以D选项正确。（13）逻辑关系。根据关键词“crucially关键的是”以及后文句意“写一份他们所获技能的简介”可知，此处前后的逻辑关系表示并列或递进，D选项符合语境。（14）词义辨析。Occasional偶然的，临时的；Exceptional优越的；杰出的，例外的；Informative提供有用信息的；教育性的；Relat

17、ive相对的；有关系的；根据后文“Outstanding Achievement Award杰出成就奖”可知，空格处修饰“efforts努力”最为合适的是B项“优越的；杰出的”。（15）词义辨析。perform执行；表现；完成；convey传达；运输；circulate使循环；使流通；formulate规划；用公式表示；此处表示“在体育方面做得很好的人”，A选项“表现，完成”正确。（16）词义辨析。roughly粗糙地；概略地；randomly随便地，任意地；formally正规地，正式地；fortunately幸运地；此处的副词修饰动词“organized组织的”，根据上下文可知，此处表示“

18、经历不一定要正式组织的活动”，C选项“正规地，正式地；”符合。（17）固定搭配。For instance例如，比如；In essence本质上，大体上；In contrast与此相反；of course一定，当然；前一句说 “Were not just interested in easily identifiable skills.我们不是只对能够被简单确认的（学生的）技能感兴趣”，后一句谈及一个学生不仅善于应对一个麻烦的房东，而且也擅长谈判的技巧，所以后文是对前文的例子体现，A选项正确。（18）词义辨析。demonstrated演示，展示；示范；determined决定；断定； opera

19、ted运转；动手术；起作用；involved包含；牵涉；使陷于；空格处与“took the lead in.在方面擅长/领头”并列，以及根据宾语“谈判技巧”可知，A选项“展示；示范；表明”符合搭配，正确。（19）词义辨析。device装置；策略；设备；section部分；部门；地区；scheme计划，规划；distraction注意力分散；消遣；根据后文“fill in any gaps填补空白”可知，空格处是指前文谈及到的一些与生活相关的内容等，所以C项“规划”符合语境。（20）词义辨析。attendants服务员；侍者；agents代理人，代理商；members成员；会员；peers同僚；

20、同伴；空格处对应的是前文的“students学生”，所以D选项“同僚；同伴”符合语境。2.单选题Newly woven Indian baskets often（ ）a strange smell.问题1选项A.give awayB.give overC.give offD.give up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。A 选项“放弃，分发或赠与，有意或无意地泄露某事物或出卖某人”； B选项 “停止做某事”； C选项 “发出（光、气味等），长出（枝、杈等）”； D选项 “放弃，投降”；依据题目中的关键词smell和句意新编织的印式筐经常散发出一股奇怪的气味确定C选项正确。3.单选题Despite

21、the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties, they（ ） the issue of how to finance the town debt.问题1选项A.agreed onB.complicatedC.attested toD.avoided【答案】A【解析】动词和词组辨析。句意尽管两位委员会成员属于不同的政党，但他们就如何为该镇的债务融资达成一致A选项 “对取得一致意见”； B选项 “使复杂化”，原型是complicate; C选项“证明，证实”； D选项 “躲开，避免”；根

22、据关键词despite 和belonged to different political parties可以推断出填入空白处的词是要和前面的意思形成对比或转折，所以A选项正确。4.单选题The latter is no less important than the former, and if bibliographical decisions are made wrongly, no amount of logistic information can（ ）the situation.问题1选项A.envisageB.disperseC.diffuseD.redeem【答案】D【解析】动词

23、辨析题。A选项envisage “正视，面对”； B选项disperse “分散，分开，使传播”； C选项 diffuse “扩散”； D选项redeem “赎回，挽救”。根据句意后者比前者更重要，并且如果最终书目决定错了，即使再多的逻辑信息 也无法挽救这个局面。D选项正确。5.单选题No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science.（ ）, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerne

24、d is not fully integrated into the scientific community.问题1选项A.NeverthelessB.ThenC.BesidesD.As a result【答案】A【解析】连词词义辨析。分析四个选项可知，所提供的四个选项均为从句的连接词，因此要先分析两句之间的关系。根据句意在科学上专业人员与业余科研人员之间并没有明确的分界线。然而， “业余”这个词的确有这样一个含义，即相关人员无法完全融入这一科学领域。可知前后两句之间是转折的关系， B选项then表示承接关系；D选项as a result表示因果关系，与此不符，排除；C 选项besides表

25、示“除此之外还有”，是意思上的一种递进，不符，排除，A选项 nevertheless “然而，不过，虽然如此”正确。6.翻译题Samsung issued an apology to Chinese consumers on Wednesday after Chinas state-run media criticized the Korean electronics giant for selling handsets with allegedly faulty memory chips.The company offered to provide free repairs and exte

26、nded warranties on seven models after a broadcast on the influential China Central Television on Tuesday reported how Samsung handsets, including the Galaxy S and Galaxy Note series, crash several times a day due to the memory chips. The report said the issue could be resolved with a $100 chip upgra

27、de that was not covered under current warranties.In a statement posted to Samsungs China Web site, the electronics giant apologized for the inconvenience, which it blamed on “management problems”. It also pledged to repair affected devices, refunds on previously repaired devices, and replacement han

28、dsets in some casesSamsung is not the first tech coming to come under CCTV scrutiny for its warranty practices. In April, Apple CEO Tim Cook issued an apology over its warranty policies in China and promised improved services. The initial report claimed Apple repaired only broken or otherwise faulty

29、 parts within its products for customers in China, versus providing new replacements in other countries.Cooks apology came during Apples continuing efforts to land an iPhone distribution deal with the worlds largest mobile carrier. Support from China Mobile, which has about 745 million customers, wo

30、uld open up a vast number of new customers for Apple.Meanwhile. Samsung hopes its apology goes a long way toward helping it maintain its lead position in Chinas smart phone market. The company sold 30 million devices in the country last year for a 17.7 percent market share, outpacing the 11 percent

31、share commanded by No. 3 Apple.【答案】三星在周三向中国消费者道歉，此前中国官方媒体批评这家作为韩国电子巨头销售据称内存芯片有问题的手机。周二，在颇具影响力的中央电视台播出的一则报道称，包括Galaxy S和Galaxy Note系列在内的三星手机，由于内存芯片问题导致一天内多次死机之后，三星提出为七款手机提供免费维修服务并延长保修期。三星并不是第一家因保修问题受到中央电视台审查的科技公司。之前的报告称，苹果只为中国客户维修其产品中损坏的或其他有缺陷的部件，而在其他国家却对其提供更换手机服务。与此同时。三星希望其道歉能在很大程度上帮助其保持在中国智能手机市场的领先

32、地位。7.单选题Naturals energy efficiency often（ ）human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency （ ）the fireflys system.问题1选项A.engenders; manipulatesB.reflects; s

33、imulatesC.outstrips; rivalsD.inhibits; matches【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。首先看第一个空， engender “产生，引起 （某种感觉或情况）”；reflect “反映，反射（声、光、热等）”；outstrip “超过，胜过”；inhibit “禁止，抑制”，根据句意第一个空应该填“outstrip”；再看第二个空， manipulate “（暗中）控制，（熟练地）操作”；reflect “表明，显示”；rival “堪比某人/某物竞争，比得上某人/某物”；match “相配，与不相上下”；根据句意自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术：尽管莹火虫所发

34、出的光亮极为强烈，但其热量却微乎其微。人类也是在近期才研制出能量效率能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美的化学发光系统。 最适合填入第二个空的是“rival”，C选项正确。8.单选题Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogenous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more conflicts of interest, and more

35、 groups and organization of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogen

36、ous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in th

37、e material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; (2) in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion

38、 or a system of prestige; (4) in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones. (5) In form rather than in substance; and (6) in elements congenial to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily inhuman r

39、elations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.1.According to the passa

40、ge, the main difference between a homogenous society and a heterogeneous one lies in（ ）.2.The author would most probably agree that changes are more likely to be successful in（ ）.问题1选项A.the number of opportunities offeredB.the nature of conflicts of interestC.the awareness of the need for changeD.th

41、e role of social organizations问题2选项A.production methodsB.ideological conceptC.religious beliefsD.social behavior【答案】第1题:C第2题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段的第一句话后半句“，simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former”可以看出在由不同种族组成的社会中会存在更多的不同的观点，因此要求改变的意识就更强。或者此题也可从反面看出，从第一段的第五句话中 “In a q

42、uite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change,.”看出由同种族构成的社会中，没什么情况会让人们觉察到需要改变，因此从反面可推出由不同种族组成的社会肯定是因为觉得要改变的意识更强，所以才会变化的快。因此C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是第（5）点In form rather than in substance可推知作者讲述了一个社会中六种容易改变的方面，其中第一个方面就是文化中物质的方面比非物质的方面要

43、变化的快些，比如说是科技比价值观变化的快。A选项中的production methods “生产商品的方法”属于科技，所以A选项正确。9.单选题Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still（ ）on land, where mining is relatively inexpensive, mining the ocean floor has yet to become a（ ）enterprise.问题1选项A.scarce; commonB.accessible; marginalC.unidentified

44、; subsidizedD.plentiful; profitable【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce “缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible “可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”， 这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified “不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful “大量的， 充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业推断出第一个空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二个空白处的选项，common “

45、普通的，常见的”；marginal “边缘的，末端的”；subsidized “补贴的，补助的”；profitable “有利的，赢利的”，根据题目后部分形容陆地上开采的relatively inexpensive和关键词yet 可以推断出第二个空应该填profitable,故答案选项为D。10.单选题Once a duckling has identified a parent, the instinctive bond becomes a powerful（ ） for additional learning since, by（ ）the parent; the duckling can

46、 acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.问题1选项A.impulse. surpassingB.referent. recognizingC.inspiration. emulatingD.channel. mimicking【答案】D【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。A选项的impulse “推动，冲动，刺激”； surpass “优于或超过某人、某物”； B选项的referent “指示物”；recognize “认出，识别，承认”； C选项的inspiration “灵感，鼓舞或激励人的人或事物，好主意”；emulate “与竞争，模仿，仿效”； D选项的channel“通道，频道，海峡”； mimicking“模仿，仿效”根据句意 一旦某只小鸭辨认出其父母，这种带有本能性质的纽带便变成一条极有用的进行额外学习的渠道，因为通过模仿其父母，小鸭能进一步获取那些单靠基因遗传所无法传输给它的信息可知应选D项。