考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷2（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西安交通大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Because of his noble origin, he claimed, he was （ ） to a social position high above those of the commons.问题1选项A.providedB.creditedC.grantedD.entitled【答案】C【解析】be provided被提供；to be credited to相信, 把.归功于；be granted to被授予；有权；be

2、 entitled to有的资格。句意：他声称自己由于出身高贵被授予比一般人高的社会地位。选项C符合句意。2.写作题For this part, you are required to write a composition of no less than 200 words long according to the following graph. You need to interpret what the graph tries to inform and use the information from the graph and logical analysis to suppor

3、t your findings. Please note that AJ, Ben, Chuck. Dan, Earl, and Fred are names of 6 students. You must write your composition clearly on the Answer Sheet provided.【答案】School Attendance and Science Grades3.单选题With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end

4、 up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fi

5、red or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance.You should have a source of emergency

6、cash that you can use in the interim. Dont panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out a

7、t restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekend. Mark a note of your job-hunting expenses, such as career counselor consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unles

8、s you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job).Most companies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them. But it doesnt mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reco

9、nciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-employees right to stay in the companys health care plan. However, the company will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good option compared to no health insurance

10、 at all.Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401(k) account. A 401(k) is the retirement fund that most companies offer. Its named after section 401(k) in the Internal Revenue Services policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and t

11、he money accumulated will be managed by the 401(k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your ex-employer

12、for awhile. Its always a good idea to compare your new employers 401(k) plan with your old one. Every company offers different types of investment options, form overseas stocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you dont want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to g

13、o to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition.Dont forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworker. Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with

14、 the friends you have make at your old job. Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier.1.According to paragraph 1, in the United States,（ ）.2.The word “interim” most probably means （ ） .3.Whats the point of saving the receipts of job

15、-searching expense?4.COBRA ensures an ex-employee stay in the health care plan （ ） .5.Which statement is true according to this passage?问题1选项A.most industries stay unaffected by global economic recessionB.each and every company spares no effort to survive the fierce competitionC.“compulsory redundan

16、cy” is going on in every industryD.employees are laid off because they are not qualified for their jobs.问题2选项A.intervalB.hard timeC.transitional periodD.emergency问题3选项A.To get reductions at tax-filing timeB.To keep a record of ones job-hunting experience.C.To be aware of ones expenditure and be frug

17、al.D.Because ones ex-boss will reimburse the job-searching expense.问题4选项A.as long as the ex-employer continues to pay the premiumB.as long as the ex-employee continues to pay the premiumC.as long as the ex-employee finds a new jobD.as long as the ex-employee is called back to the company问题5选项A.401 (

18、k) account can be terminated by the employers anytime they want.B.401(k) account can be withdrawn by the unemployed staff before their retirement.C.401(k) fund is invested in international stock market only.D.401(k) account can be transferred from ones ex-employer to ones new employer.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C

19、第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared.”随着美国经济下跌, 裁员到处可见, 没有行业能够幸免。选项C符合原文。2.根据上下文可推测, 这是处于失业阶段, 所以应该是处于过渡期。句意：你应该有个应急的现金资源以备在过渡期使用。选项C与之意思相近, 所以正确。3.根据第三段最后一句“By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-

20、search expense.”到明年报税的时候, 你就可以从你的求职费用中扣除。选项A符合原文。4.根据第四段倒数二三句, 美国有一项名为“综合预算协调法案”的法律, 保护前雇员享受公司医保计划的权利。然而, 公司将停止支付你的保费, 你将不得不自掏腰包支付费用。选项B正确。5.根据倒数第二段的最后一句, 如果你不想把这个账户转到你的新雇主那里, 你需要去人力资源部索取一些表格来帮助你完成这个过渡。由此可以推断, 401(k)帐户可由前雇主转至新雇主。选项D符合原文。4.单选题A report submitted to the United States Congress in 1971 e

21、mphatically recommended a（ ） national effort to adopt metric system.问题1选项A.concertedB.representativeC.respectiveD.spontaneous【答案】D【解析】concerted协调的, 协定的；representative典型的；respective分别的, 各自的；spontaneous自发的, 无意识的。句意：1971年提交给美国国会的一份报告着重建议各国自发地努力采用公制系统。选项D符合句意。5.单选题Farming is still the worlds greatest in

22、dustry. On average, over half of the population spend their lives ploughing the soil, planting seeds, harvesting crops, and raising animals which provide us with meat, milk, eggs, wool, leather, and many other products. Traditional farming, in which most of the hard work on the farm is done by manua

23、l labor and animals, is still practiced in many countries. But traditional methods cannot produce enough food to cope with the great explosion in population.Only with modern methods of farmingusing machines to replace men and animals, artificial fertilizers to enrich the soil, and chemicals to keep

24、weeds and diseases under control, can man hope to avoid a catastrophic world food shortage. Forming methods are well advanced in most parts of Europe and North America, and farmers elsewhere are being helped by such organizations as the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) to mode

25、rnize as quickly as possible.Machinery has brought about the greatest revolution in farming. By far the most important machine is the tractor, which is used for pulling many kinds of implementsploughs to break up the soil, drills to sow the seeds, trailers to carry manure, and soon. In this respect

26、it does the same kind of work as teams of horses, or oxen once did. But a tractor does more than just pull. It also provides power to drive other machinery, such as mowing machines, and potato harvesters.The standard type of tractor has two massive wheels at the rear and two small ones at the front,

27、 but those designed for traveling over heavy ground or for pulling heavy loads have caterpillar or crawler tracks. Tractors supply power to drive other machinery either through a pulley wheel driven by the engine or by means of what is called power take-off (p.t.o). In p.t.o. drive, the moving part

28、of the machine the tractor is pulling, such as the knife blade of a mower, is turned directly by a shaft driven by the engine.Among the many other farm machines, combine harvesters are probably the most important. They are so called because they combine the actions of reaping and threshing. Cereals

29、are the main, but not the only crops that are harvested with the combine. Peas and beans can also be harvested with it.Growing plants take their nourishment from the soil. They need certain essential elements, particularly calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, if they are to grow well. It st

30、ands to reason that after every crop there will be less of these elements remaining in the soil for a subsequent crop. To ensure a good crop every time, farmers apply fertilizers to the soil before planting to replace the essential elements the previous crop removed.The farmers traditional fertilize

31、r is farm-yard manure, a rotted mixture of dung and straw. It improves the texture of the soil as well. But there is not enough manure to supply the needs of a modern farmer, and artificial fertilizers are widely used instead. There are a variety of artificial fertilizers, each supplying certain of

32、the essential elements. Sulphate of ammonia supplies nitrogen, super phosphate of lime supplies phosphorus, bone meal supplies both nitrogen and phosphorus, sulphate of potash supplies potassium, and there are many, many more. Super phosphate is probably one of the most widely used of all the fertil

33、izers. Lime is also added to the soil on a large scale. It is valuable not only as a fertilizer but also as a soil conditioner.Of course, stimulating crops into better growth makes the weeds grow better, too! Fortunately the chemist has come to the aid of farmers and developed selective weed-killers

34、, properly called herbicides, for use with their crops. Herbicides have a selective action in that they kill the weeds but leave the crop unharmed. They are used particularly with the cereal crops. Chemists have also developed a wide range of fungicides to kill fungus diseases, such as potato blight

35、 or rust n wheat, which could devastate the crops. Farmers wage continual war against insects, too. Maggots, beetles, and weevils can do untold damage if they are not checked. Again, modern science has produced powerful insecticides to protect crops against insect attack.1.What is the symbol of trad

36、itional farming?2.According to the author, tractor（ ） .3.To supply the needs of modern farming （ ） .4.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ） .5.The word revolution in line 1 of paragraph 3 can be best replaced by（ ） .6.The word they in line 2 of paragraph 5 refers to （ ） .7.The phrase “come to

37、the aid of” in line 2 of the last paragraph most probably means （ ） .问题1选项A.Ploughing the soil, planting seeds, harvesting crops and raising animals.B.Enriching the soil with artificial fertilizers.C.Hard farm work is done by manual labor and animalsD.Ploughing the soil with tractors.问题2选项A.does the

38、 same kind of work as teams of horses, or oxen once didB.is used to break up the soil sow the seeds and carries manureC.replaces both men and animals and provides power to drive other machineryD.has two massive wheels at the rear问题3选项A.growing plants need certain essential elementsB.farmers apply ma

39、nure before plantingC.stimulating crops into better growth also has side effectD.artificial fertilizers are widely used问题4选项A.there are tremendous differences between traditional farming and modem farmingB.in modern farming tractor is essentialC.fertilizers are the symbol of modem farmingD.farmers s

40、eldom apply manure now问题5选项A.gradual changeB.complete changeC.sudden changeD.slow change问题6选项A.general farm machinesB.farmersC.tractorsD.combine harvesters问题7选项A.run here to helpB.come to the areaC.offer help toD.serve as an aide【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:C【解析】1.根据第一段第三句“Traditional fanni

41、ng, in which most of the hard work on the farm is done by manual labor and animals, is still practiced in many countries.”许多国家仍在实行传统农业, 在这种农业中, 大多数繁重的劳动是由体力劳动和由动物来完成的。选项C符合原文。2.根据第三段最后两句“In this respect it does the same kind of work as teams of horses, or oxen once did. But a tractor does more than

42、just pull. It also provides power to drive other machinery.”拖拉机所做的工作与以前的马或牛一样, 但是拖拉机不仅仅如此, 它还可以为其他机器提供动力。由此可知, 选项C符合原文。3.根据倒数第二段第三句“But there is not enough manure to supply the needs of a modem farmer, and artificial fertilizers are widely used instead.”没有足够的肥料供应现代农民的需求, 所以人工肥料被广泛使用。选项D与原文描述一致。4.结合一

43、二段的内容可知, 现代农业和传统农业有很大的差异, 选项A正确；选项B和C表述太绝对；选项D在文中没有提及。5.根据句意：机器的出现对于农业来说是一个巨大的变革, 也就是说农业发生了彻底的变化, 选项B最符合原文语境。6.结合上下文以及句意可知, 这里的they指的是上句提到的combine harvesters, 选项D正确。7.根据下文可知, 除草剂可以杀死杂草, 但不伤害作物。由此可知come to the aid of指提供帮助, 所以选项C正确。6.翻译题 It is understandable that publishers are concerned that their jo

44、urnals are selected by ISI for inclusion in its database. Indeed, it is sometimes argued that the survival of a particular journal depends on ISIs decision to cover it in Current Contents. A journals ultimate success depends upon its quality, distribution, and many other competitive factors includin

45、g cost and timeliness. Any one of these factors, including coverage by ISI, can make the difference between success and failure.A journals reputation may not tell the complete story about its impact on the scholarly community. In fact, a study on social science journals suggests quite the opposite.

46、Their research showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between a journals reputation and its impact, especially at the extremes of the prestige scale. They conclude that citation data “permit scholars to evaluate the importance of journals based not on opinion but on the frequency of citations

47、” and that “frequency of citation implies scholarly acceptance, or at least acknowledgment of importance through utilization of others work.” The researchers go on to mention that “journals have prestige, but their prestige is only derived from the usefulness of the articles they publish.”Translated

48、 the following paragraph into Chinese.【答案】出版者关心他们的期刊被ISI数据库选中, 这是可以理解的。事实上, 有人争论一本期刊的命运取决于ISI是否将它收录在最新内容里。期刊的最终成功靠的是它的质量、发行以及许多其他竞争因素, 包括成本和及时性。这些因素中的任何一个, 包括ISI的覆盖范围都能决定成败。期刊的知名度并不能说明它对学术界的影响力。事实上, 一项对社会科学杂志的研究结果恰恰相反。研究表明期刊的知名度和它的影响力之间没有直接关系, 特别是在声望范围。他们总结道, “学者们根据引用数据评估期刊的重要性, 但是, 不是基于期刊的观点而是基于其引用

49、频率。引用频率暗示了学术界的认可, 至少通过利用其他人的著作承认了这一重要性。”研究者们还说, “期刊也有声望, 但是他们的声望仅源于他们出版的文章的有用性。”7.单选题Paper clips, drawing pins and safety-pins were （ ）all over the floor.问题1选项A.sprayedB.separatedC.dispersedD.scattered【答案】D【解析】spray喷雾, 喷射；separate分离, 隔开；disperse分散, 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散；scatter指人或物向四处散开, 或把物随意撒开。句意：回形针、图钉和安

50、全别针散落在地板上。所以选项D正确。8.翻译题Passage 1当然, 水的质量及其他许多环境问题和人类健康问题密切相关。虽然许多过去的疾病危害已经得到控制甚至消灭, 但一些旧疾病至今仍能置人于死地, 而且, 人类面临越来越多的新型疾病的攻击威胁。某些新的致命病毒的杀伤力更强大, 蔓延的速度更快。人类迫切需要新的医疗技术和方法。Passage 2近年来随着传感器和无线移动设备的飞速发展, 随时随地获得个人位置成为可能。一方面, 促进了基于位置服务的飞速发展, 另一方面, 个人位置隐私泄露的问题引超人们的广泛关注。由于移动环境中位置信息的特殊性, 造成无法直接利用现有的关系数据库隐私保护技术。P

51、assage 3再次, 管理具有二重性, 管理科学只是管理自然属性的一种表现、它并不能解决管理社会属性的全部问题。其自然属性是可以并有望科学化的, 但是其社会属性只能通过正确处理人际关系来解决。从这个角度上讲, 管理应当属于人文科学和社会科学, 或者说管理科学具有很强的人文性质。Choose ONLY ONE passage from the following and translate it into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet provided. If more than ONE translation appe

52、ars on the Answer Sheet, only the first or the indicated one would be scored【答案】Passage 1Naturally, water quality and many other environmental concerns are closely related to questions of human health. While many of the health scourges of the past have been controlled and even eliminated, other old

53、ones still have remained deadly. And people are attacked by increasing new kinds of disease, some of which kill people fatally and spread faster. Human are eager to require new medical technologies and methods.Passage 2Due to the rapid development of sensors and wireless mobile device in recent year

54、s, it has become possible to acquire information of individual positions anytime and anywhere. On the one hand, it prompts the rapid development based on position service. On the other hand, the issue of leakage of personal position privacy arouses wide concern. Because of the particularity of posit

55、ion information in mobile context, it is impossible to make use of the present privacy protection technology of relational database.Passage 3Moreover, management has a dual character. As only an exhibition of the natural properties of management, management science cannot solve all the problems with

56、 the social properties of management. The issues concerning its natural properties can be hopefully made scientific, while the issues concerning its social properties can only be solve through the correct handling of interpersonal relationships. From this perspective, management should be classified

57、 as a human science and social science, or we can say that management science has a strong humanity nature.9.单选题The chief foods eaten in a country depends largely on（ ）best in its climate and soil.问题1选项A.all what it growsB.what growsC.which growsD.what does it grow【答案】B【解析】根据句子结构可知, 句中缺少宾语。选项A结构错误, 先行词all后面只能接关系代词that；选项C缺少先行词；选项D是疑问句, 不能做宾语。所以选项B正确。10.单选题（ ） its hot sun and beautiful beaches, Hawaii is a fine place to live in or to visit.问题1选项A.AsB.ForC.FromD.With【答案】D【解析】空格后面的“its hot sun and beautiful beaches”是一个名词短语, 因此不能用连词, 连词是用于句子与句子之间的连接的, 所以这里应用介词with, 意为“凭借”。选项D正确。