考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷4（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Put the following Chinese into English.网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权

2、有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。【答案】Network users and network service providers who infringe upon the civil rights or interests of others via network shall bear the tort liability.Public law adjusts and regulates the relationship among natural persons, legal persons and the state. It includes admin

3、istrative regulations, criminal laws and other laws related to public order.A contract is an agreement between the parties to establish, change or terminate a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with the law shall be protected by law.The acquisition and exercise of property righ

4、ts shall abide by the law, respect social morality and not damage public interests and legitimate rights and interests of others.For those cases that infringe on copyright or relative rights. Peoples Court can confiscate illegal proceeds, infringing copies and properties for illegal activities when

5、trying a case.2.单选题With the development of international trade, an international medium of exchange is required. From the late 1800s until World War I, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an in

6、ternational currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerably to short-term changes in the gold supply.After the financial stability of the

7、 1930s，the international monetary system was re-built following World War II on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the US dollar, reserves were kept in dollars, which would be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 19

8、68). The International Monetary Fund, a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members, which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize

9、 fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient countries, a frequently criticized practice.The success of the gold exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the US in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance payments deficits lowered

10、US gold reserves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered system was adopted. Government banks maintained a fixed gold price, while none governmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing right were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contribution

11、s. But these changes didnt relieve the strain on the US dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard.1.Since World War II the international monetary system h

12、as shown an overall trend toward（ ）.2.The reason why the gold standard had limited liquidity is probable because（ ）.3.The gold-exchange standard differs from the gold standard in that（ ）.问题1选项A.greater centralize control of world trade.B.trying the value of world currencies rather than the value of

13、gold supplyC.increasingly stable currenciesD.substituting several different monetary standards for a single unified standard问题2选项A.the money supply could not increase faster than the tradeB.the money supply varied independently of the gold supplyC.it was impossible to convert the currency of one cou

14、ntry into that of anotherD.a nations currency could not be freely converted into gold问题3选项A.it does not establish a generally accepted international medium of exchangeB.it establishes no relationship between the value of a given currency and the value of goldC.the relationship it establishes between

15、 the value of any currency and whatever the value of gold is indirect rather than direct.D.it is a two-tiered rather than a single-tiered system.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段讲了金本位制下黄金作为国际货币的不足之处；第二段提到国际货币体系取代黄金作为国际货币交换的媒介；再根据第三段最后一句“since then there has been no single international m

16、onetary standard. 从那时起，就没有单一的国际货币标准。”也就是说出现了多种货币体系来代替统一的标准，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“ but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade). 但它几乎没有流动性(货币供应不能像扩大贸易所需要的那样迅速扩张)。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“The values of most national currencies were

17、 fixed in relation to the US dollar, reserves were kept in dollars, which would be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price. 大多数国家货币的价值与美元挂钩是固定的，外汇储备以美元形式保存，这些美元将在黄金需求时以固定价格兑换。”由此可知，金汇兑本位制区别于金本位制是由于它在任何货币价值和黄金价值之间所建立的关系不是直接的，而是间接的。所以选项C符合原文。3.单选题He is unable to find a post（ ） with his ability.问题1

18、选项A.commensurateB.appropriateC.requisiteD.applicable【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项commensurate“相称的，同样大小的”；B选项appropriate“适当的，恰当的”；C选项requisite“必备的，必不可少的”；D选项applicable“可适用的”。句意：他无法找到与他能力相称的岗位。选项A符合句意。4.单选题Whether their football team win is a matter of（ ）to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.int

19、erests【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。5.单选题If leadership, as its most basic meaning,（1）getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leaders（2）tools. Many executives have assumed th

20、at this tool is（3）their grasp, available only（4）the charismatic and the eloquent. Over the past several decades,（5）experimental psychologists have（6）which methods reliably lead people to（7）, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught

21、and applied.The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar （8）them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then,（9）peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them as well. So it

22、is（10）the time to uncover real similarities and offer（11 ）praise. Third, experiments（12）the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. Its a（13）policy to do a favor（14） seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and（15）.The mess

23、age for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do（16）experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that its（17）. Finally, people want more of a commodity（18）its scarce;

24、it（19）, then, that（20）information is more persuasive than widely available data.问题1选项A.consists inB.consists ofC.constitutes ofD.composes of问题2选项A.fundamentalB.rudimentaryC.elementaryD.essential问题3选项A.beyondB.withinC.inD.out问题4选项A.withB.forC.toD.at问题5选项A.thoughB.althoughC.even thoughD.but问题6选项A.stud

25、iedB.learnedC.examinedD.investigated问题7选项A.cedeB.concedeC.recedeD.retreat问题8选项A.withB.forC.toD.at问题9选项A.registerB.listC.enlistD.enroll问题10选项A.worthB.worth ofC.worth withD.worthy问题11选项A.authenticB.genuineC.realD.true问题12选项A.affirmB.confirmC.testifyD.verify问题13选项A.bestB.correctC.soundD.valid问题14选项A.as

26、B.whileC.afterD.before问题15选项A.explicitlyB.implicitlyC.exultantlyD.introspectively问题16选项A.denyB.defer toC.confer toD.refer to问题17选项A.self-containedB.self-possessedC.self-opinionatedD.self-evident问题18选项A.whereB.whenC.whetherD.even if问题19选项A.obeysB.abidesC.followsD.happens问题20选项A.exclusiveB.inclusiveC.

27、scarceD.reliable【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:C第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:B第19题:D第20题:B【解析】（1）词组辨析题。A选项consist in“在于”；选项B和D都表示“由组成或构成”的意思；C选项constitute为及物动词，后面不需要接介词of。所以只有选项A符合原文。句意：如果领导力，作为其最基本的含义，在于通过他人完成任务。（2）形容词辨析题。A选项fundamental“基本的，根本的”；B选项rudimenta

28、ry“初步的”；C选项elementary“初级的”；D选项essential“必要的”。根据原文可知，这里指“必要的工具”，所以选项D符合原文。（3）考查固定搭配。beyond ones grasp意为“鞭长莫及”，原文指“超出能力范围”。句意：许多高管认为，这一工具超出了他们的掌握范围。所以选项A符合原文。（4）介词辨析题。be available for指“有效，对有用”；be available to指“可被.利用或得到的”；选项A和D则无此搭配。句意：（这一工具）只有有魅力和有口才的人才能使用。原文中的主语是“this tool”，工具是被利用，所以选项C正确。（5）考查逻辑连接词。

29、根据原文可知，这里应填入表示让步的逻辑关系连词，所以首先排除选项D，but表转折。而选项B和C只能位于句首，所以只有选项A正确，though既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。（6）逻辑推理题。根据原文可知，这里指实验心理学家已经研究了一些可靠的方法，所以选项A更符合语境。选项C和D都是调查的意思，不符合语境。（7）逻辑推理题。根据下文的“comply, or change”可知，填空处应填入与这两个词意思相近的单词。A选项cede“放弃，割让”；B选项concede“让步，退让”；C选项recede“后退，撤回”；D选项retreat“撤退”。选项B更符合语境。（8）介词辨析题。be simil

30、ar to为固定介词搭配，意为“与相似”，所以选项C正确。（9）动词辨析题。A选项register“登记”；B选项list“列清单”；C选项enlist“使入伍”；D选项enroll“使加入，招收”。根据原文句意：明智的管理者会招募同伴来帮助他们。选项D更符合语境。（10）考查固定搭配。It is worth the time to do sth.为固定句型，意为“值得花时间去做某事”，所以选项A正确。（11）近义词辨析题。四个选项都有“真实的，真正的”意思，但是根据原文的语境，这里指的是“给予真诚的赞扬”。只有选项B有“真诚的，诚挚的”意思，所以更恰当。（12）动词辨析题。A选项affirm

31、“断言，确认”；B选项confirm“确认，批准”；C选项testify“证明，证实”；D选项verify“核实，查证”。原文句意：实验证明了直觉的真理，选项C更符合句意。（13）考查固定搭配。sound policy为固定搭配，意为“明智的做法”。选项C正确。（14）考查逻辑连接词。跟据原文句意：在寻求帮助的同时给予帮助是一个明智的做法。选项B符合原文语境。（15）副词辨析题。A选项explicitly“明确地”；B选项implicitly“含蓄地”；C选项exultantly“欢欣鼓舞地”；D选项introspectively“好反省地”。根据原文可知，填空处应填入和voluntarily

32、“自动地，自愿地”意思相近的词，选项A更符合语境。（16）词组辨析题。A选项deny“否认，拒绝”；B选项defer to“尊重，听从”；C选项confer to“授予，给予”；D选项refer to“参考，涉及”。原文指人们很尊重专家。所以选项B符合原文。（17）形容词辨析题。A选项self-contained“独立的”；B选项self-possessed“镇静的”；C选项self-opinionated“固执己见的”；D选项self-evident“不言而喻的”。根据原文句意：因此，在试图施加影响之前，高管们应该努力建立自己的专长，而不是想当然地认为这是不言而喻的。选项D符合语境。（18）

33、考查逻辑连接词。根据原文：当商品稀缺时，人们想要更多的商品。When在这里引导时间状语从句，所以选项B正确。（19）考查固定搭配。It happens that意思是“（有时、往往）会发生；恰巧”。所以选项D正确。（20）名词辨析题。A选项exclusive“独有的，排外的”；B选项inclusive“包含在内的”；C选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；D选项reliable“可靠的”。句意：有时包容性的信息比大量存在的数据更有说服力。选项B更符合语境。6.单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print

34、 and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than

35、the conceptual aspects of the interview, its contexts, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings toget

36、her evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general te

37、sts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interview

38、ing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the p

39、ositive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting

40、information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar similar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by Television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the j

41、ournalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.1.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

42、2.Much research has been done on interviews in general,（ ）.3.Most of the Westerners may not have been interviewed by the mass media（ ）.4.It is most likely that the passage is part of（ ）.问题1选项A.Personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.B.Concepts and

43、 journalistic interviews.C.Priority should be give to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.D.Contextual implications and general principles should be the main concern.问题2选项A.and the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.B.but journalistic interviewing as a

44、 specific field has unfortunately been neglectedC.so the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionD.so there has been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing问题3选项A.and they dont hope to have the chance to be interviewed.B.and they would like to have a tru

45、e understanding of itC.though most of them wish to stay away from it.D.though they are familiar with the journalistic interview.问题4选项A.a news articleB.a prefaceC.a journalistic interviewD.a research report【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者首先提出关于采访的重要性和重点的书籍都是强调的如何做采谈，而不是采访的概念及其系统的研究，最

46、后作者提出“新闻和其他领域一样，可以从系统的专业实践学习到很多东西。”也就是说，对新闻采访的系统研究应放在首位。所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的三四句“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. 不幸的是，这些关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访。”选项B符合原文，所以正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容“First, it seems likely that most people in mo

47、dern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. 首先，现代西方社会的大多数人似乎比其他任何形式的采访都更熟悉新闻采访，至少是以一种积极的方式。”选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后一句“Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially televis

48、ion interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. 即便如此，如本书所述，要真正理解新闻采访，尤其是电视采访，需要深思熟虑的分析甚至研究。”由此可以推断，这篇文章是前言的一部分。选项B正确。7.单选题Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it

49、may extend back far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream

50、 sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed castor dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to b

51、e a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?Perhaps one u

52、seful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of slee

53、p is to decrease it? Wiles Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The

54、point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.1.According to the passage, the phenomenon of sleep is common to which of the following groups of living beings?2.The author states that during dream sleep, the animal s

55、leeps（ ）.3.The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins（ ）.4.The author implies that, if they did not sleep, babies of hunting animals might（ ）.问题1选项A.All-ancient animals.B.Primates only.C.Four-fooled beasts only.D.Most mammals and birds问题2选项A.witho

56、ut movingB.shallowlyC.intermittentlyD.on its side问题3选项A.sleep only when they are very youngB.cannot afford to sleep very muchC.usually dream while awakeD.take turns sleeping问题4选项A.be more aware of dangerB.make noise at the wrong timesC.fail to grow properlyD.be able to catch more food【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第

57、3题:B第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles. 脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobi

58、lized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. 在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whales and dolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very li

59、ttle. 或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of pre

60、datory animals.” 那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。8.单选题I （ ）my eyes round the room but saw nothing unusual.问题1选项A.jerkedB.flungC.tossedD.cast【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项flung“猛推”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。cast ones eyes

61、为固定搭配，意为“扫视”。句意：我环视了房间的四周，但没有发现什么异常。选项D符合句意。9.单选题Dont smoke in the meeting room. The smoke（ ）my eyes.问题1选项A.disturbsB.bothersC.upsetsD.irritates【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。10.单选题The fox really exasper

62、ated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seem