考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷8（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。【答案】Human development and the development of things are the two basic forms of social development, the developm

2、ent of two forms is both interdependent and independent. Regarding the relationship between human beings and things, the people-oriented value concept requires that people should be the center, and things should be the tools and means. The development of people should be adhered to regulate and cont

3、rol the development of things, so as to make the development of things fit and meet the needs of people.2.单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.paradoxB.ju

4、nctionC.dilemmaD.premise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假定”。句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。3.单选题It was obvious that much of what they had recorded was far from（ ）.问题1选项A.the truthB.trueC.accuracyD.factual【答案】

5、A【解析】考查固定搭配。far from the truth意为“远非事实”。句意：很明显，他们所记录的大部分都不是事实。所以选项A正确。4.单选题To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply（ ）she did not know.问题1选项A.to the point thatB.to the effect thatC.to the extent thatD.to the sense that【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项to the point that“到.程度”；B选项to the effect

6、that“大意是，意思是”；C选项to the extent that“达到的程度以致；就来说”；D选项to the sense that没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。5.单选题When my wife, Meg, suffered a severe stroke that immobilized her left side, I knew we would be facing a grueling odyssey involving several hospitals, dozens of doctors and cou

7、ntless therapy sessions. What I wasnt prepared for was the American Way of Managed Health Care, a system that is bureaucratic and often dysfunctional. Yes, medical practitioners in the United States are generally considered among the best in the world, and my wife primarily had first-rate care, but

8、their back-office practice a business dominated by third-party payers is badly run at worst and woefully confusing at best.Megs stroke occurred while we were vacationing in the south of France last summer. After being stabilized in the emergency room of a small hospital, she was transferred immediat

9、ely to a large teaching hospital, where she received excellent treatment in a world-renowned stroke pavilion. When I received the bill for her 21/2-week stay at the Pasteur Hospital in Nice, I asked the deputy administrator for an itemized statement. I knew Id need to show it to our health-insurance

10、 company the one-page invoice for more than 20,000 euro wouldnt do. The administrator was puzzled. There were only two daily rates, he explained, one for soins intensifs or intensive care and another for non-acute care. There were no extra charges; the numerous ambulance transfers, MRI brain scans,

11、X-rays and assorted tests associated with any serious injury or illness were all-inclusive. In fact, the only supplement was 10.67 Euros about $13 a day for food which, although not three-star bistro quality, was certainly a bargain, and better than anything you can eat in a U.S. hospital.Im not arg

12、uing that the French health-care system should be a world benchmark, but compared with what we faced when we returned home; it was a model of simplicity and efficiency. Of course, everything in American medical care is a la carte, and the invoices are so dense with codes and abbreviations, its a won

13、der anyone can decipher them. I often wonder, how much does this cost the American public annually?At one New York hospital, we received bills from doctors wed never heard of, including one who charged for an office visit when Meg couldnt even get out of bed. The managed care providers computer sent

14、 him a check without question. Had he not billed us for the co-payment I never would have noticed the error. Over the past few months, I spent hours clearing up these kinds of mistakes. A doctor friend who heads a department in a large hospital admitted that these kinds of complaints are all too com

15、mon.Megs medical tab has reached nearly $300,000, which seems monumental, even given the nature of her catastrophic injury. Thankfully, we were covered for most of it. Yet $90,000 of that figure had little or nothing to do with patient care. Roughly 30 cents of each health-care dollar goes to admini

16、stration, or the processing of paperwork. If that figure could be reduced by a third, even $30,000 would go a long way toward extending her rehab treatments. (Megs 2004 benefits have run out.)When Meg was finally discharged after spending 56 days in hospitals, we received co-payment bills for her me

17、dical equipment, including an itemized statement for every extra on her wheelchair (no, the brake extensions, foot pedals, armrest, anti-tip bars, seat and seat belt are not included). But the provider billed us two ways, one for leasing the chair and another for purchase. Even now, after numerous p

18、hone calls, I still dont know whether we own or are renting the wheelchair.The outpatient rehab therapy sessions presented their own set of challenges. The hospital sent a number of bills printed in alphanumeric codes for additional thousands of dollars even though we made the proper co-payments at

19、the time of treatment. Billing administrators barely raised an eyebrow when I told them I had spent too much time on hold and would no longer bother calling to dispute the charges. (We have since received automated early-morning phone calls asking us to contact the hospital.)Ive checked with others

20、who have had protracted negotiations with health-care providers and insurers over complex medical treatment. They echo my frustration. Why is it incumbent on the recipient to spend countless hours rectifying the medical administrations mistakes? How much extra does this process add to the nations an

21、nual health-care bill?Medicare our government-subsidized system that cares for the elderly has a much better record in administrative costs. It spends between three and four cents of every dollar on paperwork and processing. A single-payer system is easier and cheaper to run. Weve had a two-tier hea

22、lth-care system in the United States for a while, and only one tier works. Isnt it time for managed care to slim down and help its patients get better instead of burdening them with needlessly expensive paperwork?1.“Odyssey” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.2.Which of the following

23、 concerning the French medical system is NOT true according to the author?3.Which of the following concerning American health-care system is NOT true?4.What is the authors attitude towards American health-care system?5.The main purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.struggleB.treatmentC.long journey

24、D.time问题2选项A.The hospital provides good and cheap food.B.The hospital provides excellent treatment to patients.C.The management system is simple and efficient.D.The one page invoice is not as clear as itemized statement.问题3选项A.It is complex.B.It often does not work.C.Treatment bills are not without

25、work.D.One third of the authors money went to administration.问题4选项A.AngryB.indifferentC.HopefulD.Appreciative问题5选项A.complain about American health-care systemB.appeal for a change in American health-care systemC.criticize the system for its high costs in administrationD.tell the reader about the aut

26、hors experiences in the whole process【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.语义推断题。根据关键词可定位到原文第一段的第一句，作者的妻子患上了中风，需要在几家医院，数十名医生之间辗转并接受无数次治疗，这对于他们来说是艰辛而又漫长的一个过程。接着作者在第二段第一句提及，他的妻子中风是去年夏天在法国度假的时候发生的，所以Odyssey指的是长途旅行，选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“she received excellent treatment in a world-renowned stroke pavilion

27、. 她在世界著名的中风治疗馆受到了良好的治疗。”可知选项B正确；根据第二段后面部分的内容，作者拿着妻子住院的账单去向院长要更详细的说明用来向保险公司报销。但法国医院并不像美国医院那么复杂，所有价格都包含在内，没有额外的收费，除了每天10.67欧元的食物。由此可知，法国的医院管理系统既简单又高效，所以选项C正确；作者最后还说到医院的食物虽然不是三星级餐厅的品质，但很便宜，比美国医院吃的任何东西都好，所以选项A也符合原文。只有选项D是不正确的，并不是这个账单不够详细，而是法国的账单就是如此简单明了，涵盖了所有费用。3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容可知，作者妻子的医疗费用已经达到近30万美元，其中9

28、万美元与病人护理几乎没有任何关系。这一比值应该是十分之三，而不是三分之一。而且原文中也提及“Roughly 30 cents of each health-care dollar goes to administration, or the processing of paperwork. 每一美元的医疗费用中，大约有30美分用于行政管理或文书处理。”一美元等于100美分，所占比值为十分之三，所以选项D不正确。4.观点态度题。结合全文内容可知，作者先是通过描写法国医院简单高效的管理系统将其和美国医院进行对比，接着通过自己的亲身事例表达了自己对美国医院的抱怨和不满，所以作者的态度是生气的，选项A

29、正确。5.作者意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者虽然是在讲述自己和妻子的亲身经历，抱怨美国的医疗体系，批评医疗体系复杂并且收费高，但作者不仅仅只是阐述事实，真正的目的是呼吁美国的医疗体系做出改变，所以选项B正确。6.单选题These funds will come with stringent conditions that will impose external financial controls and（ ）heavily on Icelands hard-won sovereign independence.问题1选项A.impingeB.affectC.afflictD.impact【

30、答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。7.单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the loss

31、es incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below

32、 pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain caut

33、iously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But

34、 analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for the market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on

35、 shares. Of more concern to private investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were to happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Experts are therefore urging pri

36、vate investors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the oppos

37、ite would be more appropriate.” Mike Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, because if the index stayed a

38、t that level, the psychology of the market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big investors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiven for their pessimistic m

39、ood, as nearly all Isa buyers have suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index almost always rose in the per

40、iod between November and April. Since 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.The reason why some

41、 experts remain cautiously optimistic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsizing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwartz believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.

42、FTSE 100 index fell immediately after September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be able to resist further dow

43、nturnB.the Dow Jones index in New York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the economic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause the market to slump againD.e

44、nable the market to regain any lost ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5选项A.the market will be mos

45、t likely to go up between November and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容

46、，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sha

47、rp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“any announcements about

48、rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before fe

49、eling confident enough to invest.（因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行

50、投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上

51、涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。8.单选题In Western history, work was not only a useful activity, but（

52、）which carried with it a profound satisfaction.问题1选项A.the oneB.oneC.activityD.work【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。当先行词是不定代词the one，something等时，不能用引导词which而应该用that，所以A选项可首先排除；填空处应填入代词来指代前面提到的work，所以选项B正确；填入D选项重复，所以不正确。句意：在西方历史上，工作不仅是一种有用的活动，而且还带来了一种深深的满足感。本题选择B选项。9.单选题Certain decisions were made that seemed obvious

53、and necessary at the time, but（ ）, we know that some of them are not as beneficial as the creators then believed.问题1选项A.in retrospectionB.in retrospectC.with reminiscenceD.in nostalgia【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in retrospect意为“回顾往事，检讨过去”。句意：有些决定在当时看来是显而易见和必要的，但回顾过去，我们知道有些决定并不像当时我们所认为的那样有益。选项B符合句意。10.翻译题Directi

54、ons: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)At its most fundamental level, a theory is a set of statements about natural phenomena that explains why these phenomena occur the way they do. In the sciences, theories are used in what Kuhn calls

55、the job of “puzzle solving”. By this Kuhn means that scientists look at observable phenomena as puzzles or questions to be solved. Why does the earth revolve around the sun and not fly off into space? Why are humans bipedal but the other primates are knuckle-walkers? These are all questions about th

56、ings that confront us everyday, and it is the job of scientists to account for them.In short, then, the first duty of a theory is to account for or explain observed phenomena. But a theory ought to do more than that. A theory also ought to make predictions about what would occur under specific condi

57、tions. Lets look at one familiar example.In the early part of the 19th century, scientists were already aware of the presence of microorganisms in the air and water, and they had an idea about the connection between the organisms and disease. However, they had no idea of how they came into existence

58、; indeed, belief in the spontaneous generation of these organisms was widespread. “Bad air” was thought to cause disease. Careful experimentation by Louis Pasteur and other scientists demonstrated that microbes, though carried by air, are not created by air. Living organisms come from other living o

59、rganisms. These discoveries led to the development of the germ theory of disease, which proposed that disease was caused by microorganisms. The acceptance of this theory had obvious important applications in public health, such as the development of vaccines, hygienic practices in surgery, and the p

60、asteurization of milk. It not only could explain the presence and spread of disease, it could also predict, for example, that doctors who delivered babies without washing their hands after performing autopsies (尸体解剖) on patients who had died from childbirth fever would transmit the disease to new pa

61、tients. Even more important, the same theory could be used to connect phenomena that on the surface appeared unrelated, such as the transmittal of disease, fermentation processes in wine and beer production.【答案】从最基本的层面来说，理论是一套关于自然现象的陈述，用来解释为什么这些现象会以这种方式发生。在科学领域，理论被用于库恩所谓的“解谜”工作。库恩的意思是，科学家把可观察到的现象看作是

62、谜题或待解决的问题。为什么地球绕着太阳转而不飞向太空？为什么人类是两足行走，而其他灵长类动物是用关节行走?这些是我们每天都要面对的问题，而解释这些问题是科学家的工作。那么，简而言之，理论的首要职责就是说明或解释所观察到的现象。但理论所做的应该不止这些。理论还应该预测在特定条件下会发生什么。让我们看一个熟悉的例子。早在19世纪初，科学家们就已经意识到空气和水中存在微生物，他们对微生物和疾病之间的联系有了一个想法。然而，他们不知道它们是如何形成的；事实上，人们普遍相信这些生物是自发产生的。“糟糕的空气”被认为会导致疾病。路易斯巴斯德和其他科学家经过仔细的实验得出证明，微生物虽然通过空气传播，但不是由空气产生的。生物体来自于其他生物。这些发现导致了疾病的微生物理论的发展，该理论提出疾病是由微生物引起的。接受这一理论在公共卫生方面有明显的重要应用，如疫苗的研制、外科手术的卫生规范以及牛奶的巴氏杀菌。它不仅可以解释疾病的存在和传播，它还可以预测，例如，接生完之后未洗手的医生在对死于分娩发烧的病人进行尸检之后，会将疾病传染给新病人。更重要的是，同样的理论可以用来联系表面上不相关的现象，如疾病的传播，葡萄酒和啤酒生产中的发酵过程。