考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷36（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, whats more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists emb

2、arked on the latest trendy crusade （改革）？ This month marks the publicity- pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities” and others who decry what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products”.The coalition, includi

3、ng its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC （and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison, writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by

4、 giving up milk.”）Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scienti

5、fic basis.Take heart disease. Foods like butter, cheese, ice cream and whole milk are packed with saturated fat （饱和脂肪）, which blocks arteries （动脉）and can lead to heart attacks. Thats why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen

6、-Dazs and Brie. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula.So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devils brew. Its full of are y

7、ou sitting down? Protein. And heres where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins （ true; asthma is an allergic condition （true; its been increasing dramatically （true; doctors dont know the cause （true; therefore, the protein in mi

8、lk must be the culprit （罪魁祸首）？A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer; the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohens claim that widespread lactose intolerance （乳

9、糖不耐受） the inability to digest dairy products means milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets （乳糖分解酵素片）can make dairy p

10、roducts digestible even in severe cases.If milk isnt the perfect food, its still got some big things going for it. Its an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat.

11、The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies （疾病）, but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I keep coin

12、ing back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.1.The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT（）2.The writer thinks that milk（）.3.It is clear from the passage that（）.4.According to the passage, if you suffer fr

13、om lactose intolerance（）.5.We can conclude from the passage that the writer is（ ）.问题1选项A.breast cancerB.diabetesC.heart diseaseD.lung disease问题2选项A.is toxic and we should give it upB.is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possibleC.is the most ideal foodD.has its pluses and minuses a

14、nd we should consume it sensibly问题3选项A.the writer is of the same opinion about milk with the ADCB.the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseasesC.the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milkD.the writers opinion about milk differs greatly from the ADCs问题4选项A.you had better

15、give up milk entirelyB.you should have less milk every dayC.you can take lactase which catalyzes （催化）lactose into glucose （葡萄糖）and galactose（半乳糖）D.you must see a doctor at once问题5选项A.an unprejudiced personB.an opinionated personC.a worldly personD.a wise but peculiar person【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5

16、题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题第二段的第一句“milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis.”cancer infections和选项A对应；heart disease和选项C对应；tuberculosis（肺结核）和选项D对应。只有选项B（糖尿病）没有提及。2.细节推断题。根据最后一段的前三句可知，作者认为牛奶有好处也有坏处，所以要适量摄取。选项A，B，C表述都太绝对，所以不正确；选项D符合原文。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第四句“The ADC feels that

17、milk is the root of most human maladies.”以及第二段的最后一句“The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”可知选项B和C都是ADC的观点；根据原文内容可知，作者和ADC的观点是完全不同的，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“lactose intolerance”定位到第六段第三句“widespread lactose intolerancethe inability to digest dairy productsmeans milk

18、is of little use as a source of calcium.”选项B符合原文。5.细节推断题。根据第三段的最后一句“And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.”以及最后一段的内容可知作者是一个公平公正的人，因为他虽然不赞同ADC的观点，但也没有完全否定。所以选项A正确。2.单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a

19、relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have spe

20、cial information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a

21、readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weakness: to thrive, a writer must try

22、to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies ar

23、e meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject: this presumably all

24、ows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject

25、 had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the” story of life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the author , an ideal biogra

26、pher would be one who（ ）.2.The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A

27、.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.knows the subjects very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him问题2选项A.bi

28、ographies can serve different purposesB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.the best biographies are meant to transform their readers问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biograp

29、hy is one authorized by the subject.C.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.D.No one can write a perfect biography.问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersC.it contains interesting information about the subjects pr

30、ivate lifeD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the secret of a biographer to win more readersB.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristic

31、 of different kinds of biographies.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.”要想成功，作家必须意识到这些，并根据主题对它们进行评估，选好相应的位置。选项D符合原文。2.根据第三段的第一句“When their subjects are heroes or

32、famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive.”当他们的主人公是英雄或著名人物时，传记往往透露出一种民主动机。这与第二段的最后一句相呼应。所以选项A符合原文。3.根据最后一段的最后一句“We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tellthe story of life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.”没有人能够讲述“生

33、命的故事，甚至可能连主题都没有，传记的历史已经证明了这一点。所以选项D正确。4.根据第四段的第三句“Unauthorized biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer.”未经授权的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们能表明传记作者思想的独立性。选项C符合句意。5.这篇文章主要是描述传记作者很难找到合适的视角来完成他的工作。选项B更符合主题3.单选题Both civilization and culture are fairly

34、modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived

35、from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, ar

36、e also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil”. But colere als

37、o has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate ones interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word c

38、ulture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is

39、the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmake

40、rs and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkeys cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a

41、 house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.1.What does the author think of the words “civilization” and “culture”

42、？2.According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to（）.3.The Latin verb colere originally means “（ ） ”.4.The author believes that creativity（ ） .5.The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that（ ） .问题1选项A.They are identical.B.They are different concepts.C.They can

43、often be used interchangeably.D.They are denied differently by different people.问题2选项A.peoples way of life in cities.B.peoples ability to live together in cities.C.a type of social organizations.D.an advanced level of social life.问题3选项A.live in a city.B.develop oneself.C.promote growthD.cultivate th

44、e land问题4选项A.is a unique feature of civilized beings.B.brings forth the improvement of tools.C.is the result of human development.D.helps the advance of culture.问题5选项A.monkeys are the same as birds.B.people once lived in caves like monkeys.C.monkeys can never develop into human beings.D.man is diffe

45、rent from other animals such as monkeys.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.”人们经常把它们互换使用，就好像它们的意思是一样的，但其实它们是不一样的。选项B正确。2.根据第二段的第三句“Thus civilization, in its most essen

46、tial meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings. ”文明从最基本的意义上说，是人们在城市或社会团体中和谐地生活在一起的能力。选项B符合原文。3.根据第三段的第一句可知colere最初的意思是“to till the soil”，也就是耕耘土地。选项D正确。4.根据第四段的第二句“But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being im

47、proved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. ”工具总是在不断改进和扩大，这是创造性的结果。选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的第一句“It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals.”。选项D正确。4.单选题I feel quite confident in（ ）Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.问题1选

48、项A.submittingB.proclaimingC.recallingD.recommending【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，赞扬；recalling回顾，回想；recommending推荐，举荐。根据句意：我很有信心向您推荐杰克逊先生担任研究助理。选项D符合句意。5.单选题Yangtze River flows at a width of up to 2km and an average depth of between 6 and 15m through a large plain with many lakes. This a

49、rea is ( ) to severe flooding and accumulation of river sediment.问题1选项A.objectB.particularC.subjectD.prone【答案】C【解析】句意：长江流经一个有许多湖泊的大平原，这个平原宽达2公里，平均深度在6至15米之间。这个地区经常发生严重的水灾和河流泥沙淤积。object to对反对；particular特别，尤其，不与to搭配；subject to使遭受；prone to有倾向的。选项C符合句意。6.单选题This（ ）was conducted to find out how many peop

50、le prefer rice.问题1选项A.examinationB.surveyC.inspectionD.test【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。7.单选题You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the（ ）it involves.问题1选项A.forceB.trialC.attemptD.effort【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。force力量；trial试验，

51、审讯；attempt企图，试图；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看来，它不值得你为之付出努力。选项D符合句意。8.单选题Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applicatio

52、ns were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature.Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patt

53、erns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for foreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections.Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have pr

54、oduced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic literary works.The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an Englis

55、h professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980s Foster created SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the “rare” words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play

56、 no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed us they were reproduced over t

57、he centuries.In late 1995 Fosters work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-line poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent s

58、cholars because of his computer-base approach. If Fosters claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years.Fosters work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author

59、 of the best-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein admitted that he was the author. Foster was also employed as an

60、 expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist who published an anonymous manifesto in several major newspapers in 1995.1.This paper will mainly discuss（）.2.which of the following is NOT true?3.Foster identified the author of an anonymous manifesto by（）.4.Which of the following can most

61、 probably be inferred from the passage?5.By access have grown in paragraph 3, the author probably means that（）.问题1选项A.advantage of computer usage in the study of humanitiesB.the application of computers to compiling statistic indexes of literary worksC.the application of computers to compiling dicti

62、onaries.D.contributions of computer-based study of literary texts问题2选项A.A Funeral Elegy was an authentic work from Shakespeare.B.Computer utilization made Forsters claim more convincing.C.In the last 100 years, additional works of Shakespeare have been accepted as authentic.D.There are still many wo

63、rks whose authors are unknown.问题3选项A.studying the writing characteristic of the suspectsB.cross-referring the manifesto with other terroristsC.gain the support of well-known scholarsD.applying computers to the study of its styles问题4选项A.In the past, mainframe computers were used to handle numbers.B.Computers usage in liberal art is narrow.C.Humanities a