考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考前自测提分卷71(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题It was felt that he lacked the （ ）to pursue a difficult task to the very end.问题1选项A.petitionB.engagementC.commitmentD.qualification【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：petition“请愿，祈求, 法 诉状”；选项B：engagement“婚约，约会,交战,诺言”；选项C：commitment “献身,承诺”;选项D:

2、qualification “资格，条件, 赋予资格”。由题意可知本题选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：有人认为，他缺乏将一项困难的任务坚持到底的奉献精神。2.单选题The board of the company has decided to（ ）its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.问题1选项A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify【答案】C【解析】句意:公司董事会决定扩大经营范围，将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内。考查动词辨析。extend 延伸；扩大（尤指时间或空间的延长）；en

3、large 扩大（主要指面积或体积等的扩大）；expand 扩张；发展（指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加）;amplify 扩大；增强（常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强，也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。）。根据后面的句意“将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内”可知C项正确。3.单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题

4、意本题表述的是每隔一段时间可以去周边旅游，因此选项A、B、C均与题意不符，而选项D是固定搭配at regular intervals “每隔一段时间”因此选项D项正确。句意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间参加岛屿周围美丽的海滩活动。4.单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】句意:在苏格兰，和英国其他地方一样，义务教育从5岁开始

5、，到16岁结束。考查形容词辨析。compelling引人注目的，强制的；forced被迫的;obliged 必须的；compulsory 义务的。这里想表达 “义务教育”，故选D。5.单选题Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession men are in the（ ）.问题1选项A.minorityB.majorityC.shortageD.substitute【答案】B【解析】句意:大多数护士是女性，但在医疗行业中，男性占多数。考查名词辨析。minority 少数民族；少数派:majorit

6、y 多数；成年; shortage 缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute 代用品；代替者。后半句用了转折连词but，因此B项符合句意。6.单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not

7、 have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing

8、 affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardshi

9、p. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor

10、 force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so

11、low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as

12、a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or els

13、e outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our county have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the

14、 labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or mus

15、t be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following i

16、s the principal topic of the passage?2.The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?3.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.4.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?5.The author s

17、tates that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by（ ）.问题1选项A.What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering?B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty?C.Which of the curr

18、ently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment?D.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities?问题2选项A.The overall causes of poverty.B.Deficienc

19、ies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income.问题3选项A.more people were unemployed in the 1930sB.unemployment now has less severe effectsC.social programs are more needed nowD.there now is a greater proportion of elde

20、rly and handicapped people among those in poverty问题4选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold th

21、e opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题5选项A.th

22、e employed poorB.dependent children in single-earner familiesC.workers who become disabledD.retired workers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段作者提出在很多方面，我们的社会统计夸大了失业的困苦程度。而在第二段又指出然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦。文章主要是针对这俩方面进行分析。因此D项“社会统计如何就由低工资和不充足的雇佣机会导致的困苦程度给出一个不清楚的描写”比较能概括文章大意。第2题:判断推理题。文章开

23、头提出: How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? (有多少人真的因为劳务市场问题而受苦？)。第二段又指出: Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship (然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦)。后面又提及unemployment (失业)和Low wages and repeated or prolonged unempl

24、oyment (低工资和反复的或持续很久的失业)。由此可推测，“labor market problems”指 “缺乏提供充足收入的工作”。第3题:判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段: Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners.( 如今的失业没有20世纪30年代的失业那样悲惨的结果，那时大多数的失业者是主要的养家糊口者)。第4题:判断推理题。题干意为:下列哪一项建议

25、最适合作者提出的问题?最后一段指出: There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems (在这场辩论中，只有一个领域是一致的，那就是现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据不足以作为衡量劳动力市场问题后果的主要运用之一，

26、（即衡量劳动力市场问题的后果）是不充分的)。由此推测C项“新的统计指标应该被开发来衡量失业和工资支付不足的就业导致的受苦程度”正确。第5题:判断推理题。题干意为:作者指出，涉及收入转移的社会项目对低收入人群收入水平的缓解作用，往往没有对受益。Finally, income transfers in our county have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor (最后，收入转移在我们的国家一直关注老人、残疾人和依靠他人者，从而忽视了上

27、班的穷人的需求)。由此可推测，A项“被雇佣的穷人”正确。7.单选题The childrens （ ） natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.问题1选项A.mercurialB.blitheC.introvertedD.artless【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“雄辩机智的；活泼善变的”；B选项blithe“愉快的；快乐无忧的”；C选项introverted“ 内向的”；D选项artless“ 天真的；朴实的；无虚饰的”。句意：孩子们活泼善变

28、的性格与他们父母的平和性格形成鲜明的对比。根据后面句意“与他们父母的平和性格形成鲜明的对比”可知A符合句意。8.单选题Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipments and techniques as United States firm

29、s, but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. Japanese-run aut

30、omobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical p

31、erspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixe

32、d assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile

33、 producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-

34、specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered eas

35、ily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment

36、 and workers are kept constantly active.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Japanese automobile workers?3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?4.What is the problem that is ass

37、ociated with the production of huge lots of cars is which of the following?5.Which of the following statements is supported by information stated in the passage?问题1选项A.present the major steps of a processB.clarify an ambiguityC.chronicle a disputeD.correct misconceptions问题2选项A.Their productivity lev

38、els did not equal those of United States automobile workers until the late seventies.B.Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.C.They operate component-specific machinery.D.They are trained to do more than one job.问题3选项A.A topical theme is presented followed by suppor

39、ting examples.B.Opposing views are presented, classified and then reconciled.C.A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.D.A theory is proposed, considered and then amended.问题4选项A.The need to manufacture flexible machinery and equipmentB.The need to store extra components not

40、 required for immediate useC.The need for expensive training programs for workers, which emphasize the development of facility in several production jobs.D.The need to alter conventional mass-production processes问题5选项A.Japanese and United States automakers differ in their approach to production proc

41、esses.B.Japanese automakers have perfected the use of single-function equipment.C.Japanese automakers invest more capital per employee than do United States automakers.D.United States-owned factories abroad have higher production levels than do Japanese owned plants in the United States.【答案】第1题:D第2题

42、:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开头提出了话题: 在世界汽车行业中日本公司的生产效率最高。第一段、第二段分别探讨了针对此话题的两种观点并一一驳斥。第三段再提出正确观点。因此，D项“更正错误的想法”比较能概括文章目的。第2题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible

43、 equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs (日本汽车制造商选择通过引入几项与美国不同的做法，使小批量生产成为可能，包括使用灵活的设备，这些设备可以很容易地改变，以完成几项不同的生产任务，并培训从事多种工作的工人)，因此，D项“他们（即日本汽车工人）被培训去做不止一项工作”正确。第3题:判断推理题。第一段先陈述事实:日本企业在世界汽车企业生产效率中达到最高水平，随后针对这个事实进行解释，最

44、后反驳:情况不是这样。因此，C项“陈述一个事实；接着进行解释，然后进行反驳”正确。第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active (从而消除了去储存额外部件缓冲库存的需要，而该需求产生于特定的设备和工人被保持不断工作时)。因此，B项“需要储存不被立刻需要的额外部件”正确。第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出

45、: A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures (一个更有成效的解释可能在于日本人的生产技术。日本汽车生产商并没有简单地更有效地实施传统流程：他们在美国的做法上进行了重大的变革)，由此可知A项“日

46、本和美国汽车制造商在他们的生产流程上有差异”正确。9.单选题All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully（ ）the risks and benefits.问题1选项A.weighingB.valuingC.evaluatingD.distinguishing【答案】A【解析】句意:所有专家都认为，在对减肥药所做的各方面的考虑中，最重要的是仔细权衡风险和益处。考查动词辨析。weight 使变重，权衡；value 评价，重视；evaluate 评价，估价；distingui

47、sh区分，辨别，使杰出。根据题干关键词the risks and benefits (风险和益处)可知A项符合句意。10.单选题The travel agency has a full program of（ ）, if tourists wish to visit local places of interest.问题1选项A.expeditionsB.excursionsC.explorationsD.propositions【答案】B【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。考查名词辨析。expedition 远征，探险;excursion 远足，短程旅行;exploration 探测；proposition 命题，提议。根据 “当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。