考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷26(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题After （ ）seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.问题1选项A.thatB.itC.whatD.there【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主语，因此用what引导名词性从句并在句中作主语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分。句意：在漫长的等待之后，轮到他进入人事经理办公室了。2.单选题Of all the

2、components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears,

3、by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat regulating moods while the brain is off-line And one leading

4、 authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.Evidence from

5、brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric NofZinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the emotional brain)

6、 is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among

7、 the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont alwa

8、ys think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream,

9、 visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they k

10、eep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”. Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working thr

11、ough bad feelings, sleep-or rather dream-on it and youll feel better in the morning.1.Researchers have come to believe that dreams（ ）.2.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show（ ）.3.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to（ ）.4.Cartwright seems to suggest that（ ）.5

12、.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?问题1选项A.can be modified in their coursesB.are susceptible to emotional changesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs问题2选项A.its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the r

13、elation of dreams to emotionsD.its difference from the prefrontal cortex问题3选项A.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.persist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.问题4选项A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad d

14、reams helps bring them under con trollC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious问题5选项A.Lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实

15、题。由文章第一段中And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感觉更好）its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychol

16、ogy at Chicagos Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.可知选A。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中the limbic system (the emotional brain) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day 可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活

17、跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白

18、天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中theres probably little reason to pay attention

19、to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。3.翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Rationally, we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and there

20、fore an essential underpinning of the knowledge economy. So reading is-or should bean aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure. Books can help create and reinforce our sense of s

21、elf.If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we, in the future, are no longer wired for solitary reflection and creative thought, we will be diminished. Technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges: for every door it closes, another

22、 opens. So the ability, offered by devices like e-readers, smart phones and tablets, to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity.【答案】从理性角度来讲，我们知道阅读是一切教育的基石，因此是知识经济的基本支撑。所以阅读是或者应当是公共政策的一个方面。但也许更重要的是它作为个人发展和快乐之旅的起点的情感作用。书籍可以帮助创造和加强我们的自我意识。如果阅读能力显著下降，人类的天性也会发生变化。如果我们将来不再被自我反思和创造性的

23、思想所束缚，我们将会逐渐消失。技术提出的解决方案与挑战一样多：每关上一扇门，另一扇门就会打开。因此，由阅读器、智能手机和平板电脑等设备提供的功能，可以实现将整个图书馆放在手中的绝好机会。4.单选题（ ）for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Hadnt it beenC.Was it notD.Were it not【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。由后面句子可知是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用过去完成时。当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were、should、ha

24、d时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were、should、 had置于句首。had it not been for the fact = if it had not been for the fact。句意：要不是她摔断了腿，她或许会通过考试。5.单选题What you overheard that day did have something to do with Martin （ ）.问题1选项A.in a wayB.in the wayC.on the wayD.out of the way【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。in a way意为“在某种程度上”；in the way意为“

25、妨碍”；on the way意为“在途中，接近”；out of the way意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。6.单选题The waters were rising about the rock and would soon（ ）it.问题1选项A.floodB.submergeC.underrateD.yield【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。flood意为“淹没，泛滥”，指淹没大片区域；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”，指淹没某个物体；underrate意为“过低评价，低估”；yield意为“屈服，投降”。句意：水在岩石周围上升，很快就会淹没它。7.单

26、选题Nancy complained about the （ ）air conditioner she bought from the department store.问题1选项A.inefficientB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.defective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意为“无效果的”；defective意为“有缺陷的”。句意：南希抱怨她从百货公司买这台有缺陷的空调。8.单选题Maths and science certainly underp

27、in many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think. So close is the relationship that politicians seeking to persuade voters that they are promoting economic gro

28、wth use science and innovation almost interchangeably. But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?Chris Budd, an applied mathematician at Bath University in Britain, points to the mathematical foundations of the comm

29、ercial world: the internet, computers, mobile phones, modern medicine and even transport systems. These employ branches of mathematics that were considered obscure until recently but have found applications in areas such as building search engines, he argues. It is difficult to predict which new sci

30、entific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity. And as governments have sought to promote business, they have encouraged universities to establish spin-off companies and to build partnerships with other fledgling organizations seeking to develop new

31、products and new processes, which has helped to generate wealth.That may all be true, but it is not sufficient, says Chris Trimble, who co-wrote The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge with Vijay Govindarajan, both of whom conduct research into innovation at Tuck School of Busi

32、ness at Dartmouth College in America. Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as

33、more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues. There is a surfeit of bright ideas but not enough wherewithal to implement them.Yet the ability to create wealth not only depends on using tools that were scientifically designed; it also requi

34、res people to think both creatively and in cold, calculating ways. To misquote Thomas Edison, innovation is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Time then, mentally, to roll up your sleeves.1.From the first paragraph, we may know that many innovations （ ）.2.The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably m

35、eant（ ）.3.“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Chris Budd?5.To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science（ ）.问题1选项A.are engendered by maths and scienceB.bring convenient life to modern peopleC.count most for politicians to gain

36、votesD.lead directly to world economic growth问题2选项A.understandableB.praiseworthyC.believableD.feasible问题3选项A.modern societyB.promotion of economyC.science and innovationD.importance of maths and science问题4选项A.He works in a British university as an applied mathematician.B.He firmly believes that math

37、ematics will generate new economic activity.C.He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of universities.D.He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future innovations.问题5选项A.proves sufficient to stimulate future innovationB.means little compared with targeted

38、 incentivesC.is less important than management educationD.serves as the underpinning of economic productivity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to

39、the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础。事实上，它们是现代社会的基础，从人们使用的小工具到人们相互交流和思考的方式）可知A选项“由数学和科学产生”符合题意。第2题:词义题。understandable意为“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意为“值得称赞的，值得表扬的”；believable意为“可信的”；feasible意为“可行的”。由But laudable as it is in its own right（数学和科学

40、对于创新很重要，尽管这值得称赞）可知选B。第3题:词义题。文章第一段开篇就提出数学和科学支撑着很多创新，它们是现代社会的基础，因此可以推测主要是讲述数学与科学的重要性，故选D。第4题:推理判断题。根据题干关键此词Chris Budd定位至文章第二段，由It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity.（很难预测哪一项新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学却能提高生产力）可知

41、B选项“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，不符合原句表达的含义。第5题:观点态度题。根据题干关键词Chris Trimble定位至文章第三段，由Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost import

42、antly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但推广这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式。他列举了有针对性的公共和私人激励措施。在他看来，支出最重要的是更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可知选C。9.单选题Glass （ ）provide a useful function in

43、 sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desired effect is to maintain visual transparency.问题1选项A.separationsB.segregationsC.partitionsD.isolations【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。separation意为“分离，分开”；segregation意为“隔离”；partition意为“划分”；isolation意为“隔离”。句意：玻璃分割提供一个有用的功能，在切断和包围某一区域时，所预期的效果是保持视觉的透明度。10.单选题The （ ）of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；texture意为“质地”；content意为“内容”；threshold意为“门槛，入口，开始”。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的头脑能够成功地理解宇宙。