考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考前自测提分卷47(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考前自测提分卷47(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考前自测提分卷47(含答案详解）（8页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D

2、符合句意。2.单选题Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some direct themselves by the position of the sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the sun as their guide during the day, and then switch tn star navigation by night. One study show

3、s that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide in finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to a magnetic co

4、mpass when clouds cover the sun; otherwise it would just have to land and wait for the sun to come out again.Even with the sun or stars to guide by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar an

5、d pollen flies rapidly home to report. A scientist has discovered that the bee sent out to look for food delivers her report through a complicated dance to the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the sun. But the sun does not stay in one pla

6、ce all day. As the workers start out to gather the toed, the sun may already have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bee seem to have no trouble at all in finding the food source. Thei

7、r inner clocks tell them just where the sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.1.The author mentions all the following natural phenomena that help animals navigate EXCEPT （）.2.What makes it necessary for a bird to rely on a magnetic compass when navigating?3.According to the passa

8、ge what information does the dance of the scout bee communicate to the other worker bees?4.What enables the bees to fly by the sun even though the suns position is not fixed?问题1选项A.the sunB.the starsC.magnetic fieldsD.wind direction问题2选项A.The possibility of bad weatherB.The constant motion of the su

9、n.C.Its patterns of migration.D.Its need to constantly change homes.问题3选项A.The time of the day.B.What the weather is like.C.How far away the food is.D.Which flowers the scout has found.问题4选项A.They are equipped with biological time clocks.B.They fly in formation behind the scout bee.C.They have excel

10、lent eyesight.D.They have long memories.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段前半部分的内容可知，选项A，B，C均有提及，只有选项D没有提及。2.细节推断题。根据第一段最后一句“It is of course very useful . the sun to come out again.”当云层遮住太阳时，候鸟利用磁场辨别方向是非常有用的；否则它就只能着陆，等待太阳再次出来。也就是说，当天气不好的时候，鸟就必须依靠磁场来飞行了。所以选项A符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“the bee sent

11、out . fly in relation to the sun.”被派去寻找食物的蜜蜂通过复杂的舞蹈向其他工蜂传递信息，不仅告诉它们食物有多远，还告诉它们食物和太阳的相对位置。选项C符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Their inner clocks tell them just where the sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.”它们的生物钟告诉它们太阳将在哪里，它们也相应地改变了方向。选项A符合原文。3.单选题You are not allowed to take a second job

12、 （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。4.单选题Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I （ ） to be his girl friend.问题1选项A.pretende

13、dB.supposedC.resumedD.granted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。选项B符合句意。5.单选题Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans, seeing is believing, although we

14、do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary; most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or believing our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believing. A dogs nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the

15、 surface of an egg. A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to repre

16、sent something visually familiar by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagine about being deaf, blind, mute, or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what i

17、t is that we are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words, we might come up with something like “scent-blind.” But what would it mean? It couldnt have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do, because most of us have experienced what “tone” and “color” mean in those expre

18、ssions, but we dont know what “scent” means in the expression “scent-blind.” Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animals, tracking. We dont have a sense

19、 of scent. What we do have is a sense of smellfor Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals.So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our wor

20、ld lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dogswell, we dont know, do we?He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the garden behind us. He marks the path of the black-and white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let

21、 fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture-making modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me.1.The phrase “T

22、he other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that（ ）.2.The example in the last paragraph suggests that “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as（ ）.3.The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dogswell, we dont know

23、, do we?” refers to （ ） .4.The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how（ ）.问题1选项A.only those events experienced directly can be appreciated by the sensesB.for many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing about the worldC.smell is in many respects a more powerfu

24、l sense than sightD.people rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see问题2选项A.rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thingB.behaviors caused by certain kinds of perceptionC.ways and means of knowing about somethingD.effect of single i

25、ndividuals perception on what others believe问题3选项A.color blindnessB.perception of the worldC.concern for our perceptionD.depth perception问题4选项A.a dogs perception differs from a humansB.people fear nature but animals are part of itC.a dogs ways of seeing are superior to a catsD.phenomenology is unive

26、rsal and constant【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“other senses are large ancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。2.信息推理题。最后一段

27、作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据上文“Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的

28、路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。6.单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。7.单选题Life insuran

29、ce is financial protection for dependents against loss （ ） the bread-winners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake of【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。at the cost of以.为代价；on the verge of濒临于，接近于；as a result of因此，由于；for the sake of为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障, 以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。

30、8.单选题Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in

31、 an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3） salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebe

32、c, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have p

33、lanned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ） is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even i

34、nclude breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ） of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid r

35、ain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.问题1选项A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.Otherwise问题2选项A.andB.thenC.henceD.or问题3选项A.entireB.completeC.totalD.all问题4选项A.imaginableB.unaccountableC.considerableD.understandable问题5选项A.onB.withC.toD.at问题6选项A.affairB.issueC.matterD.question问题7选项A.a

36、nnouncedB.orderedC.imposedD.enacted问题8选项A.fasterB.moreC.betterD.harder问题9选项A.FurthermoreB.ConverselyC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless问题10选项A.possibilityB.perspectiveC.occurrenceD.opportunity问题11选项A.pieceB.portionC.sectionD.segment问题12选项A.toleratedB.tolerantC.tolerableD.intolerant问题13选项A.descendingB.declin

37、ingC.reducingD.relieving问题14选项A.combinationB.allianceC.mixtureD.union问题15选项A.knowB.knewC.had knownD.have known【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）上下文语义。根据上下文可知, 本句是补充说明过酸性水质给鱼类带来的危害, 只有选项B符合。（2）连词词义辨析。根据句意:因此, 在酸性环境中, 鱼类数量会减少或灭绝。选项D符合原文语境。（3）近义

38、词词义辨析。句意:河流和小溪中鲑鱼的减少可能威胁到整个鲑鱼产业。entire“全部的, 整个的, 全体的”;total“全部的, 完全的, 一般指数量的全部”;complete“完整的, 彻底的”;all“全部的”, 强调整体中的个体。所以选项A最恰当。（4）形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知, 这里指上文提到的情况在安大略和魁北克两大水域的影响也是相当大的。 imaginable“可能的, 可想象的”;unaccountable“莫名其妙的, 不可理解的”;considerable“相当大的, 重要的”;understandable“可以理解的, 可以了解的”。所以选项C符合句意。（5）语法知识。

39、on the decline为固定搭配, 表示“在走下坡路, 在衰退中”。这里指鱼类数量减少, 所以选项A正确。（6）名词词义辨析。根据上文的描述可知, 酸雨很显然已经成为了一个很严峻的问题, 所以选项B最恰当。（7）动词词义辨析。与法律搭配的动词应该是颁布法律或制定法律。因此只有选项D符合。（8）语法知识, 副词的比较级。根据句意:有人说, 如果我们早知道酸雨有这么严重, 我们就会更好地计划预防酸雨。选项C符合原文语境。（9）上下文语义。Furthermore此外, 而且, 表递进;Conversely相反地; Accordingly相应地, 表递进;Nevertheless然而。前后两个句

40、子没有递进或者相反的情况, 所以选项D正确。（10）上下文语义。本段主要是讲专家们针对酸雨问题给出的不同建议措施, 这里指另一种可能性的措施, 所以选项A符合原文语境。（11）量词的用法。根据句意可知, 这里指通过在烟囱里安装特殊的洗涤器来清除大部分污染物。piece“块, 件”, 适用于平展的东西;portion“部分, 比例, 常指食物的份或抽象的量”;section“截面, 部分”, 指由切断、分割、分类等所产生的一部分, 常指比较小的事物;segment“段, 部分”, 多指整体的局部。所以选项B更恰当。（12）近义词辨析。tolerated“可接纳的”;tolerant“宽容的, 有

41、耐药力的”;tolerable“可容忍的”;intolerant“无法容忍的”。根据原文可知, 这里指培育抗酸性耐药性的鱼类, 所以选项B符合原文语境。（13）上下文语义。根据常识可知, 石灰是碱性的, 可以中和酸雨, 降低湖水的酸性, 所以选项C正确。（14）名词词义辨析。根据句意:如果我们真正想减少酸雨的影响, 就必须将补救办法和国际合作相结合起来。将二者结合起来用combination最为恰当, 所以选项A正确。（15）语法理解题。根据句意可知本句表示对过去的虚拟, 主句为现在完成式, 从句用过去完成式, 所以选项C正确。9.单选题Both television commercials

42、and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。10.单选题Poverty is not （ ） in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.问题1选项A.rareB.temporaryC.prevalentD.segmental【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。