考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考前自测提分卷78(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考前自测提分卷78(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考前自测提分卷78(含答案详解）（8页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Paul was so _ about his baldness that he wore a hat, whether it was winter or summer.问题1选项A.self-composedB.self-consciousC.self-confessedD.self-confident【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. self-composed 镇定的，沉着的 B. self-conscious 难为情的，自己意识到的C. self-

2、confessed 自动坦白的，公开承认的 D. self-confident 自信的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】保罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。2.单选题England is experiencing its hardest winter for years, some areas _ under six feet for nearly two months.问题1选项A.were ly

3、ingB.were laidC.having laidD.having lain【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. were lying 在撒谎，正处于 B. were laid 被覆盖，被放置C. having laid 覆盖，放置 D. having lain 躺下，处于【考查点】语态和动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子前半句意思“英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天”，可知，some areas（一些地区）是被大雪覆盖了，故用被动语态；而表示“覆盖”要用lay，所以were laid正确。故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都表述主动语态，排除。【句意】英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天，

4、一些地区被埋在6英尺大雪下近两个月。3.单选题Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in

5、the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very hig

6、h speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a const

7、ant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose

8、 the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores choice among them is limited.41. In the first paragraph, the write

9、r tells us that statuses can help us _.42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _.43. The word “appraisal” most probably means _.44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”.45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose

10、 the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _.问题1选项A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people问题2选项A.in order to identify themsel

11、ves with othersB.in order to better identify othersC.as their mental processes changeD.as the situation changes问题3选项A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation问题4选项A.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB.identification of other peoples statusesC.selecting ones own sta

12、tusesD.constant mental process问题5选项A.different people have different styles of clothesB.ready-made clothes may need alterationsC.statuses come ready made just like clothesD.our choice of statuses is limited【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【选项释义】41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that

13、 statuses can help us _. 41. 在第一段，作者告诉我们，身份可以帮助我们_。A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job A. 确定一个人是否适合某一份工作B. behave appropriately in relation to other people B. 在与他人的关系中举止得体C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己D. make friends with other people D. 与他人交朋友【考查点】推

14、理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人类奇妙的发明，它使我们能够彼此相处（get along with one another），帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位置。日常生活中，我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如，我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者，还是图书馆管理人员，打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出，身份可以帮助我们做出判断，无论是对自己还是对他人的身份，所以身份可以帮助我们在与人交往中做出恰当的行为。B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“确定一个人是否适合某一份工作”是确定身份，而不是适合的工作，

15、属于曲解原文；C选项“在不熟悉的情况下保护自己”没提到，无中生有；D选项“与他人交朋友”并不全面，以偏概全。42.【选项释义】42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _. 42. 根据作者的观点，人们通常会假设不同的身份，_。A. in order to identify themselves with others A. 以与他人认同B. in order to better identify others B. 为了更好地识别他人C. as their mental processes chan

16、ge C. 随着心理过程的变化D. as the situation changes D. 随着情形的变化【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人的不同而变化，并且在一生中不断变化”，综合理解可推断，我们的身份是随着情形场合的变化而有所不同，所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“以与他人认同”没提到，无中生有；B选项“为了更好地识别他人”中的others应该改为status，该项曲解原文；C选项“随着心理过程的变化”是“我们的行为符合他人的行为”的基准，与题干无关，张冠李戴。43.【选项释义】43. The word “appraisal” mos

17、t probably means _. 43. appraisal这个词的意思很可能是_。A. involvement A. 参与B. appreciation B. 欣赏C. assessment C. 评估D. presentation D. 展示【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据appraisal定位至第二段倒数第二句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为，这是基于一个持续的appraisal和解释的心理过程”，从a constant mental process（一个持续的心理过程）可推测，这里涉及到一个动脑的过程，而在做出interpretation（解释，阐述）之前自然需要评价或

18、鉴定的环节，所以选择项assessment应该是最为接近的词义，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“参与”、B选项“欣赏”、D选项“展示”曲解原文。44.【选项释义】44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”. 44. 根据第二段最后一句，代词“it”指的是“_”。A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately A. 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应B. identification of

19、 other peoples statuses B. 对他人身份的认同C. selecting ones own statuses C. 选择自己的身份D. constant mental process D. 持续的心理过程【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“尽管有些人觉得这个任务（task）比其他人更难，但大多数人都毫不费力地完成了它（it）”，可知it指代的是前面的task，而根据上一句“这意味着，我们的行为符合他人的行为（that we fit our actions to those of other people），这是基于一个持续的评估和解释的心理过程

20、”，可看出task指的是上一句中的that we fit our actions to those of other people（我们的行为符合他人的行为）。因此，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对他人身份的认同”、C选项“选择自己的身份”、D选项“持续的心理过程”都指代错误，曲解原文。45.【选项释义】45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _. 45. 作者说“美国人

21、不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，意思是_。A. different people have different styles of clothes A. 不同的人有不同风格的衣服B. ready-made clothes may need alterations B. 现成的衣服可能需要修改C. statuses come ready made just like clothes C. 身份就像衣服一样是现成的D. our choice of statuses is limited D. 我们对身份的选择是有限的【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段第二句“但是，

22、美国人并不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”，根据第一句“身份被比作现成的衣服”，以及最后一句“在做了一些小的调整后，我们往往被限制在商店的选择是有限的”，可知，身份就像衣服一样，可以选择合适的衣服的商店是有限的，那么综合理解，“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”是说明身份的选择是受限制的。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“不同的人有不同风格的衣服”和B选项“现成的衣服可能需要修改”中的衣服在文中只是一个比喻，该两项曲解原文；C选项“身份就像衣服一样是现成的”不符合原文，曲解原文。4.单选题It isnt worth _ any longer for him.问题1选项

23、A.to waitB.waitC.waitedD.waiting【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. to wait 等待（不定式） B. wait 等待（原形）C. waited 等待（过去分词） D. waiting 等待（动名词）【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】本题考查的是固定搭配it is/isnt worth doing sth.“（不）值得做某事”，worth后面搭配的是动词的动名词形式。因此，D选项waiting“等待（动名词）”形式正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项形式不正确，不符合原文搭配。【句意】不值得再等他一会儿了。5.单选题It is an inescapable fact

24、 that to most people _ when failing powers of mind or body make it impossible for them to manage their daily lives without some sort of help.问题1选项A.whose time comesB.for whom time comesC.it comes timeD.there comes a time【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. whose time comes 的时候到了 B. for whom time comes 对于某人来说时候到了C. it

25、comes time 时候到了 D. there comes a time 有这么一个时候【考查点】固定句式。【解题思路】由空格后面的when可知，there comes a time when为常用的固定句式，表示“时候到了，有这么一个时候”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】Fact后面是that引导的同位语从句，不能用whose或者whom来充当从句中的主语，A、B选项不符合从句语法；C选项没有这个用法，排除。【句意】对大多数人来说，有这么一个时候，当心智或身体力量的衰退使他们在没有某种帮助的情况下无法管理他们的日常生活，这是一个不可避免的事实。6.单选题You said the b

26、ooks were on the shelf, but _ there.问题1选项A.there was no oneB.there were noneC.there were no onesD.was none【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. there was no one 没有一个人 B. there were none 没有C. there were no ones 没有人 D. was none 没有【考查点】不定代词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意和前面出现的books，可知后面应该用none代词前面的books，故B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项中的one指人们；D选项句子结构不完

27、整。【句意】你说书都在书架上，但是那儿一本都没有。7.单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earl

28、ier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were ma

29、de worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, he Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provid

30、e greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This l

31、aw gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on t

32、he grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administratio

33、n believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.6. What brought about the de

34、cline in the demand for American farm products?7. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_.8. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _.9. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the A

35、ct _.10. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased exports of European countries.问题2选项A.to increase farm pro

36、ductionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-sufficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.might cause

37、greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nationC.lowerin

38、g the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】6.【选项释义】6. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? 6. 是什么导致了对美国农产品需求的下降？A. The impact of the Great Depression.A. 大萧条的影响。B. The shrinking of overs

39、eas markets. B. 海外市场的萎缩。C. The destruction caused by the First World War. C. 第一次世界大战造成的破坏。D. The increased exports of European countries. D. 欧洲国家出口的增加。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第一句“在20世纪20年代对美国农产品的需求下降，欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩项目以减少进口”，第二步综合理解，由此可知是欧洲从战后恢复过来了对美国的农产品需求减少了（reduce their imports），所以B选

40、项“海外市场的萎缩”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“大萧条的影响”，定位到第一段最后一句话“大萧条使这些发展变得更糟（made worse by the Great Depression）”，大萧条使情况变糟，这不是美国农产品对外出口减少的原因，这里属于出处错误；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏”，见正确解析，是一战的影响导致欧洲需要进口美国的农产品从而美国农业发展起来了，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农业出口量下降，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有。7.【选项释义】7. The chief concern of the American governme

41、nt in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _.7. 20世纪20年代，美国政府在农业领域最关心的是_。A. to increase farm production A. 增加农业生产B. to establish agricultural laws B. 制定农业法律C. to prevent farmers from going bankrupt C. 防止农民破产D. to promote the mechanization of agriculture D. 推进农业机械化【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二

42、段第二句话“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原则，并代表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性（greater economic stability for farmers）的国家承诺。”第二步，寻找上下文线索，经济稳定性就暗含着国家兜底保护农民免于破产之灾，所以C选项“防止农民破产”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“增加农业生产”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“制定农业法律”，见文章正确选项分析，从这里可知美国政府的主要考虑是为了保障农民的经济的稳定性而不是为了立法，立法只是实现经济稳定的手段，所以B选项错误，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。8.【选项释义】8.

43、The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _. 8.农业调整法案鼓励美国农民_。A. reduce their scale of production A. 减少他们的生产规模B. make full use of their land B. 充分利用他们的土地C. adjust the prices of their farm products C. 调整农产品价格D. be self-sufficient in agricultural production D. 农业生产实现自给自足【考查点】事实细节题【

44、解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第三四句“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费用让他们停止使用自己的土地（take their land out of use）。故意造成农产品短缺（deliberate scarcity）是为了提高价格。”第二步，综合理解，从这里可知农业调整法案鼓励美国农民减产，所以答案选A选项“减少他们的生产规模”。【干扰项排除】B选项“充分利用他们的土地”，见正确选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“调整农产品价格”，见正确选项，让农民减产的目的是造成粮食紧缺的现象，从而通过供求关系用市场这只看不见的手达到调整农产品价格的目的，不是

45、鼓励农民自己调整农产品价格，这里属于张冠李戴；D选项“农业生产实现自给自足”，定位到第一段第三行“这一时期对农民来说比以前更糟糕，因为农民不再自给自足（self-sufficient）”，这里虽然有提到self-sufficient但是这里指的是农民不能通过买卖自己的农产品获得足够的收入养活自己，不是农产品歉收的意思，这里属于偷换概念。9.【选项释义】9. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act _. 9. 最高法院否决了农业调整法案因为它认为该法案

46、_。A. might cause greater scarcity of farm products A. 可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺B. didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power B. 没有给农业部长足够的权力C. would benefit neither the government nor the farmers C. 对政府和农民都没有好处D. benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others D. 以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益【考查点】事实细节题【解

47、题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第三段第五、七句话“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了补贴给一个特殊群体（pay one special group of people）罗斯福政府认为，重建国家土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益（at the expense of other citizens）来帮助农民的计划”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知，最高法院驳回法案的理由是这个法案是为了一个特殊的群体而立的是不符合宪法精神的，而罗斯福政府却认为农业很重要，立法的目的并不仅仅是牺牲其他人的利益来支持农民，所以答案选D选项“以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益”。【干扰项排除】

48、A选项“可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；B选项“没有给农业部长足够的权力”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“对政府和农民都没有好处”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。10.【选项释义】10. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _.10. 有人声称，罗斯福政府时期通过的新法律旨在_。A. reducing the cost of farming A. 降低农业成本B. conserving so

49、il in the long-term interest of the nation B. 从国家长远利益出发，保护土壤C. lowering the burden of farmers C. 减轻农民负担D. helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers D. 帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内信息，定位到第三段第六句话“然而，新的法律立即通过，达到了同样的休养土壤和提供防洪措施的结果，但这些是基于土壤保持的原则（the principle of soil co

50、nservation）”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，从这里可知新法的目的是为了保护土地，所以B选项“从国家长远利益出发，保护土壤”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“降低农业成本”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；C选项“减轻农民负担”，文章没有提及，所以不选，这里属于无中生有；D选项“帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人”，定位到第三段倒数第二句“罗斯福政府认为，重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅（not simply）是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划。”这里有个“不仅仅是”说明其实帮助农民这个负担已经转移到其他公民头上了，所有D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。8.单选题_ the bad

51、weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.问题1选项A.PresumablyB.RespectivelyC.ImaginablyD.Plausibly【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. Presumably 大概 B. Respectively 分别地，各自地C. Imaginably 可想象地 D. Plausibly 似真地【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】由结果状语从句中的would be可知，这里表示推测，所以空格处填入presumably符合语境。【干扰项排

52、除】B、C、D选项都不表示推测，不符合句意。【句意】大概是恶劣的天气延误了航班，所以他们要等好几个小时才能到达。9.单选题Experts believe the large number of cancer cases in the area is _ the new nuclear power station.问题1选项A.resulted fromB.concerned aboutC.related toD.dependent on【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. resulted from 起因于，由引起 B. concerned about 关心C. related to 与有关 D

53、. dependent on 依赖于，依靠【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】由the large number of cancer cases（大量的癌症病例）与new nuclear power station（新核电站）可知，它们两个之间是“有联系的”，而且be related to表示“与有关”符合句意。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】B、D选项不符合句意；A选项result from本身就有被动的含义在里面，所以前面不需要be动词，故排除。【句意】专家认为该地区大量的癌症病例与新核电站有关。10.单选题The car manufacturer has laid _ 1, 000wo

54、rkers because of the drop in sales.问题1选项A.outB.downC.asideD.off【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. out 向外 B. down 向下C. aside 离开，在旁边 D. off 离开【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由the drop in sales（销量下降）可知，空格处应该表示“解雇了1000名工人”，lay off固定搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项lay out（展示，安排）、B选项lay down（放下，制定）、C选项lay aside（搁置，留存）均不符合句意。【句意】由于销量下降，这家汽车制造商已经解雇了1000名工人。