考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷86(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the

2、seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and SyngentA.The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions wit

3、h important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified com, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch

4、, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified com “behave differently than other larvae.” In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls “potential damage on

5、the environment irreversible.” In the decision on Syngentas com, he says that “the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable.”A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in t

6、he trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it a

7、t odds with the United States and angering industries.“These products have been grown in the U.S. and other countries for years,” said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative, “We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been review

8、ed and determined safe by European food safety authorities,” he said.Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make deci

9、sions based on the “precautionary principle” even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited re

10、cent research showing that consumption of genetically modified “com byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects” and that these insects “are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators” and that this could have “unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.”Althou

11、gh still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetica

12、lly modified com are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision

13、 that had not yet been formalizeD.But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.1. The preliminary decisions are made by _ .2. To the decisions, the European Commission officials attitudes are _.3. About the decisions, which one of

14、the following statements is TRUE?4. Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in order to _.5. The word “tilt” in ParA.6 most probably means _.问题1选项A.Stavros DimasB.European Union environmental officialsC.European CommissionD.DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences an

15、d Syngenta问题2选项A.skepticalB.controversialC.divergentD.contradictory问题3选项A.The decisions aim to put a ban on the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corn due to political and biological concernsB.The decisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving the products harmful is

16、 foundC.The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected by their trade partnersD.There is high possibility that the decisions would be approved by the European Commission问题4选项A.dispel some officials doubt on his decisionsB.assure that they can be presented before the commis

17、sion with solid evidenceC.demonstrate the latest achievement of his decisionD.enhance the strength of his decision-making问题5选项A.induceB.affectC.inclineD.evoke【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“preliminary decisions”（初步的决定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“The preliminary decisions are circulating within the

18、 European Commission,”（初步决定正在拥有最终决定权的欧盟委员会内部流传），故判断C选项“欧盟委员会”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“European Commission official”（欧盟委员会官员）可定位到文中第一段第三句“Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the Un

19、ited States.”（一些官员对这一禁令持怀疑态度，因为它将扰乱强大的生物技术产业，并可能加剧与美国等重要贸易伙伴的紧张关系）。A选项“持怀疑态度的”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“有争议的”，可排除。C选项“发散的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，可排除。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“decisions”（决定）可定位到文中第三段“A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in

20、 the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn”。中文翻译：欧盟禁止种植转基因作物的决定，将是欧盟首次做出此类决定，并将加剧围绕转基因作物的持续斗争。A选项“出于政治和生物方面的考虑，这些决定旨在禁止销售转基因玉米种子”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“即使没有确凿的证据证明产品有害，也有可能做出决定”，可排除。C选项“这些决定受到所有欧盟成员国的热烈欢迎，但遭到其贸易伙伴的强烈反对”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“这些决定很有可能得到欧盟委员会的批准。”不符合题意

21、，可排除。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Mr. Dimas”可定位到文中的第二段。A选项“打消了一些官员对他的决定的怀疑。”官员对于转基因玉米对环境的影响持肯定态度，Mr. Dimas与他们的观点一致，因此可排除A选项。B选项“确保向委员会提供确凿证据。”符合题意，B选项正确。C选项“展示他决定的最新成果。”联系上下文，Mr. Dimas的观点不是为了展示他决定的最新成果，因此可排除。D选项“增强他的决策力。”也不符合题意，也可排除。因此，选项B正确。5.词义辨析题。由题干关键词可定位到文中第六段。A选项“诱导；引起”，B选项“影响”，C选项“倾向于；（使）倾向于”，D选项“引起，唤起；博得”

22、。根据关键词“policy”（政策），可排除A、D选项，由关键词“drastically”（彻底地，激烈地）可推测这个决定的所产生的后果比较严重，因此B选项可排除。C选项与词义意思相近，因此，C选项正确。2.单选题The acid rain attacks the leaves and _ their waxy coating.问题1选项A.resolvesB.unsolvedC.dissolvesD.shoves【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves “决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved “未解决的；未解答的”；C选项 dissolves “溶解；分解”；D选项shov

23、es “挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，它们的蜡涂层。根据attacks the leaves （侵蚀树叶）可推测acid rain（酸雨）的危害极大，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。3.单选题The president of the board always gives his directions so _ that everyone can understand them.问题1选项A.simplyB.explicitlyC.largelyD.shortl

24、y【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地；朴素地；坦白地”；B选项 explicitly“明确地；明白地”；C选项 largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D选项 shortly“立刻；简短地；唐突地”。句意：总统总是使他的方向，让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyone can understand them.（每个人都能够理解他们），可推测，要使每个人都能理解他们，总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意，A选项正确。4.翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that lif

25、e could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “

26、that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高

27、思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。5.单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betra

28、yal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。6.单选题I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.问题1选项A.figure outB.draw outC.look outD.work out【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 figure out “了解，弄清楚”；B选项 draw out

29、“拉长”；C选项look out “留神，小心”；D选项 work out “解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。7.写作题Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the way people communicate with each other? Has this become a positive or negative

30、development? You must write logically and show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You may make use of any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should have your own title and write at least 200 words.【答案】略。8.单选题McDonalds, Greggs, KFC and Subway are today n

31、amed as the most littered brands in England as Keep Britain Tidy called on fast-food companies to do more to tackle customers who drop their wrappers and drinks cartons (盒子)in the streets.Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, 1 its new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it h

32、ad investigated which brands made up “littered England” and the same names appeared again and again. “We condemn people for dropping this fast food litter in the first place but also believe the results have 2 messages for the fast food industry. McDonalds, Greggs, KFC and Subway need to do more to

33、3 littering by their customers.”He recognized efforts made by McDonalds, including placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter 4 “all too prevalent”. All fast food chains should reduce unnecessary packaging, he addeD.Companies could also reduce prices for those who stayed to ea

34、t food on their premises, offer money-off vouchers or other 5 for those who returned packaging and put more bins at 6 points in local streets, not just outside their premises. A spokesman for McDonalds said: “We do our best. Obviously we ask all our customers to 7 of litter responsibly.” Trials of m

35、ore extensive, all-day litter patrols were under 8 in Manchester and Birmingham. KFC said it took its 9 for litter management “very seriously”, and would introduce a program to reduce packaging on many products. Subway said that it worked hard to 10 the impact of litter on communities, but it was “s

36、till down to the individual customer to dispose of their litter responsibly”. Greggs said it recognized the “continuing challenge for us all”, despite having already taken measures to help tackle the issue.问题1选项A.releasingB.dischargingC.foundingD.launching问题2选项A.coherentB.pertinentC.consistentD.redu

37、ndant问题3选项A.discourageB.forbidC.persuadeD.damage问题4选项A.continuedB.indicateC.remainedD.left问题5选项A.incentiveB.premisesC.stimulusD.proximity问题6选项A.convenientB.strategicC.nearD.eye-catching问题7选项A.proposeB.dissolveC.handleD.dispose问题8选项A.wayB.constructionC.pressureD.government问题9选项A.shoulderB.burdenC.tur

38、nD.responsibility问题10选项A.resolveB.dissolveC.minimizeD.dilute【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 release “释放；放出；放走；放开；松开；使自由移动（或飞翔、降落等）；发泄；宣泄”；B选项 discharge “卸货；排出”；C选项 found “创办（组织）；建立（国家）；以为基础；熔化”；D选项 launching “发射；发动；开始从事”。根据上下文，以及关键字new Dirty Pig campaign“新的脏

39、猪运动”判断出此处表达“发起运动”，D选项正确。2.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 coherent “连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B选项 pertinent “相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的”；C选项 consistent “始终如一的，一致的；坚持的”；D选项 redundant “多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的”。根据上下文，以及关键字for the fast food industry“快餐业”判断出此处表达“和有关的”，B选项正确。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 discourage “阻止；使气馁”；B选项 forbid “禁止；不准；不允许；正式严禁”；C选项

40、persuade “说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事”；D选项 damage “损害，毁坏”。根据上下文，以及关键字littering by their customers“阻止顾客乱扔垃圾”判断出此处表达“阻止”，A选项正确。4.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 continued “继续，延续；仍旧，连续”；B选项 indicate “表明；指出；预示；象征”；C选项 remain “保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存”；D选项 leave “离开”。根据上文 “He recognized efforts made by McDonalds, including placing lit

41、ter bins and increasing litter patrols”，中文翻译为：他肯定了麦当劳所做的努力，包括设立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡逻。以及空格后“all too prevalent” ，中文翻译为“太普遍了”判断出此处C选项正确。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 incentive “动机；刺激；鼓励”；B选项 premise “前提；经营场址；房屋；契约前言”；C选项 stimulus “刺激；激励；刺激物”；D选项 proximity “接近，数邻近；接近；接近度，距离；亲近”。根据上文 “offer money-off vouchers”，中文翻译为：提供折价券，判断出A选项正

42、确。6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 convenient “方便的；近便的；实用的”；B选项 strategic “战略上的，战略的”；C选项 near “近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近亲的；小气的”；D选项 eye-catching “引人注目的；耀眼的；显著的”。空格处 “put more bins at points in local streets, not just outside their premises ”，中文大意为：在当地街道上的点（而不仅仅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱。可知B选项正确。7.考查固定搭配。A选项 propose“建议；打算，计划；求婚”；B选项 dis

43、solve“溶解；解散；消失”；C选项 handle “处理，应付（局势、人、工作或感情）；（用手）触，拿，搬动；控制，操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）”；D选项 dispose “处理；处置；安排；使倾向于”。根据上下文，以及固定搭配dispose of“丢掉，清除”可知D选项正确。8.考查固定搭配。A选项 way “方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项construction “建设；建筑物；解释；造句”；C选项pressure “压力；压迫，物 压强”；D选项government “政府；政体；管辖”。under way“进行着；航行中”，A选项正确。9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 shoul

44、der “肩，肩膀；肩部”；B选项burden “负担；责任；船的载货量”；C选项turn “转弯；变化；（损害或有益于别人的）行为，举动，举止”；D选项responsibility “责任，职责；义务”。联系下文 “and would introduce a program to reduce packaging on many products” ，以及固定搭配take responsibility for对负责 ，可知D选项正确。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 resolve “决定；溶解；使分解；决心要做”；B选项 dissolve “使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项 minimize

45、 “使减到最少；小看，极度轻视”；D选项 dilute “稀释，冲淡；削弱；变稀薄，变淡”。根据下文 “the impact of litter on communities” 可知C选项正确。9.单选题Wed better discuss the situation before we _ to business.问题1选项A.sit downB.put downC.come downD.get down【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A选项 sit down “坐下；扎营”；B选项 put down “着陆；羞辱；放下；写下；付定金；镇压（暴动、叛乱）”；C选项 come down “下来，降

46、落；流传下来；倒塌；落魄，失势”；D选项 get down “下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：我们最好在谈生意之前先讨论一下形势。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。10.单选题Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand

47、these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child an

48、d tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual t

49、hings. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells

50、were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop norma

51、lly. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they shoulD.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other studies did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy e

52、xperimented with his techniques at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.1. Scientist found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from th

53、ose of a normal person in _.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.4. Doctor Duffy believed that _.5. According to the passage we can conclude that further research should be made _.问题1选项A.structure and functionB.color and

54、functionC.size and arrangementD.color and arrangement问题2选项A.Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brainB.Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brainC.Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cellsD.Learning disabilities

55、 may result from problems in the left side of the brain问题3选项A.many factors account for learning disorderB.a learning-disabled person shows no outward signsC.reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD.the brain activity of learning-disabled children is differ

56、ent from that of normal children问题4选项A.he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB.the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC.the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD.the problem of learning disabilities did not li

57、e in the left side of the brain问题5选项A.to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB.to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC.to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligenceD.to explore how the left side of the brain functions in lan

58、guage learning【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cel

59、ls were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white” “gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cells were not in a line”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑

60、的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞

61、并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learning disabilities may result from pro

62、blems in the left side of the brain. “学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. ” 中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。3.推理判断题。A选项“many factors account for learning disorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“a learning-disabled person shows no outward sign