考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考前自测提分卷86(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考前自测提分卷86(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考前自测提分卷86(含答案详解）（7页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题After the disaster, the truth（ ）us that a healthy habit of living can keep us away from some terrible diseases.问题1选项A.focused onB.imposed onC.dawned onD.leaned on【答案】C【解析】句意:在这场灾难后，我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语

2、的过去式。focus on 集中注意力于，聚焦于；impose on 利用，欺骗，施加影响于； dawn on被理解，渐渐明白；lean on 依赖，靠在上。故选C。2.单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, lets talk about culture. The difference bet

3、ween the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, an

4、d perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the meeting influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work t

5、o the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging, two Britis

6、h researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the talkers and the textersthose who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Te

7、xters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to bo

8、dy language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the speakeasy: the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the spacemaker: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled

9、 or reformed and camera phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1.When people plan to meet nowadays, they（ ）.2.According to the two British researchers, the social and psychologi

10、cal effects are mostly likely to be seen on（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ）.4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be （ ）问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB

11、.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others问题4选项A.TalkersB.The “speakeasy”C.T

12、he “spacemaker”D.Texters问题5选项A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implication of Mobile UseC.Change in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile Phone!【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第三段指出: It is no longer see you there at 8，but text me around 8 and well see where we all are (不再是在8点在那里见你，而是

13、 在8点左右给我发短信，然后再看我们都在哪里),因此选B“推迟到最后一分钟才确定（见面）地点”。2.判断推理题。第四段指出: They found that the mobile phonesindividuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality (他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此D项“喜欢发短信的人”正确。3.判断推理题。第四段指出: They found that the mobile phonesindivi

14、duality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality (他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此选A“揭露隐情的”。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: “And there is the spacemaker: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people (但是，喜欢在私底下讲电话的人却专注于自己本身且远离其它人),故选C“喜欢在私底下讲电话的人”。5.主旨大意题。

15、文章的中心话题是:移动手机影响我们的文化和肢体语言。因此B项“移动手机使用带来的文化影响”比较适合做文章标题。3.单选题Do you have any（ ）about what living beings on other planets would be like?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence【答案】C【解析】句意:你对生活在其他星球上的生物的样子有什么概念吗？考查名词辨析。ideal 理想，典范;comprehension理解，领悟能力; notion概念，想法；intelligence智力，情报，聪颖。因此C符合句意。

16、4.单选题Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by raid change and growth, is moving into a new era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marr

17、iage of television and computer technologies.The word “television”，derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides

18、the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television

19、is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there i

20、s broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has

21、 been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most pail, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major

22、 purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.1. With w

23、hich topic is the passage primarily concerned?2. What is the literal meaning of the word “television”?3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in televisiontransmissions?4. What field of television is intended for specific groups?5. Which of the followin

24、g statements about the relationship between the television and itsviewers can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.Recent changes in modern technology.B.The marriage of broadcasting giants.C.The role of television in todays society.D.The content of broadcast television programs.问题2选项A.Medium of the m

25、assesB.Sight from a distanceC.Airwave transmissionD.Vehicle for communication问题3选项A.The conversion of image into electronic impulses.B.The sending of impulses through a wire or cable.C.The changing of one image into another image.D.The feeding of impulses into a receiver.问题4选项A.Broad-based.B.Reconst

26、ituted.C.Traditional.D.Non-broadcast.问题5选项A.Viewers do not take an active role in watching television.B.Viewers would prefer increased news coverage.C.Viewers like to use television to reach other human beings.D.Viewers have grown tired of television.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。第三段起到了承上

27、启下的作用: Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings (电视不仅仅是一个电子系统,它还是一种表达工具和传播渠道。因此,电视成了一个对其他人发生影响的强大工具)。因此C项“电视在当今社会里的角色”比较能概括文章大意。2.词义题。第二段指出: The

28、 word “television” .can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance (电视可以从字面上理解为来自远方的景象)。由此可知B项“来自远方的景象”正确。3.细节事实题。A:图像转换成电子脉冲,B:通过电线或电缆发送电子脉冲,C: 将一个图像转换成另外一个图像,D:将脉冲送入接收机。第二段指出:through a sophisticated system of electronics,television provides the capability of converting an image . into elect

29、ronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image (通过复杂的电子系统,电视能够将一副閤像转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。当这些电子脉冲信号被输入一部接收机(电视机)吋,就可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像)。由此可知C项在文中未被提及。故选C。4.细节事实题。

30、第四段指出: Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques (第二类为非广播电视,使用受控的发射技术来满足个人以及某些特殊利益群体的需要)。因此答案为D项“非广播类的”。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entert

31、ainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer (我们渐渐把显像管看作是娱乐的来源,让自己成为这个生动的媒介的被动观众),由此可知A项“观看者在观看电视吋扮演被动角色”正确。5.单选题Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（ ）to light than are human eyes.问题1选项A.glowingB.brilliantC.sensitiveD.gloomy【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管

32、猫在完全黑暗的环境中看不到任何东西，但是相比人类的眼睛，它们的眼晴对光却更加敏感。考查形容词辨析。glowing热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的;brilliant 闪耀的，杰 出的，精彩的；sensitive体贴的，体恤的，善解人意的，感觉敏锐的；gloomy 黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的。由转折对比提示词Although(尽管)可知C符合句意。6.单选题Over the last fifteen years, jogging has become a popular（ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.sym

33、posiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】句意:在最近的十五年里，慢跑己成为三千万所有年龄层参与者所喜欢的一种消遣。考查名词辨析。fantasy幻想，想象，想象产物;；pastime消遣，休闲活动; symposium 讨论会，座谈会;penalty 罚款，处罚。因此B符合句意。7.单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered（ ）of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrel

34、evantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】句意:语言，文化和个性也许会被认为在思想上是相互独立的，但事实上他们是密不可分的。考查副词辨析。indistinctly 不清楚地，模糊地； separately 分别地，个别地； irrelevantly 不相干地，不合适地； independently 独立地，其形容词形式independent搭配of，表示独立于的。根据后文的but以及they are inseparable (他们是密不可分的)可知空格处应该填入与之相对比的词，即可知D项正确。8.单选题“Which coat did your husband buy?” “

35、The black one, but I（ ）the green one.”问题1选项A.would rather have boughtB.would rather buyC.would have rather boughtD.rather had bought【答案】A【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？ ”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟: would rather have+done。故选A。9.单选题As the climate in the Middle East changed beginni

36、ng around 7000 B. C” conditions emerged that led to a more complex and advanced form of civilization in both Egypt and of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly develop

37、ed technique of agriculture. This migration was further encouraged by the gradual transformation of the once-hospitable grasslands of these regions into deserts. Human population became increasingly concentrated into pockets of settlement scattered along the banks of the great rivers.The rivers prof

38、oundly shaped the way of life along their banks. In Mesopotamia, the management of water in conditions of unpredictable drought, flood, and storm became the central economic and social challenge. Villagers began early to build simple earthworks, dikes, canals, and ditches to control the waters and r

39、educe the opposing dangers of drought during the dry season (usually the spring) and flooding at the harvest time.Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, w

40、as economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the see

41、ds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown.Technological and mathematical invention, too, were stimulated by life along the rivers. New devices were first developed here for use in irrigation systems. Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first develo

42、pments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated.The livers served as high roads of earliest commerce. Traders used boats made of bundles of rushes to transport grains, fruits, fibers, and textiles from one villag

43、e to another, transforming the rivers into the central spines of nascent commercial kingdoms. Trade expanded surprisingly widely; we have evidence suggesting that, even before the establishment of the first Egyptian dynasty, goods were being exchanged between villagers in Egypt and others as far as

44、Iran.Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world - for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China. The history of early civilization has been shaped to a remarkable degree by the relationship of humans and rivers.1.

45、 The primary purpose of the passage is to explain（ ）.2.Which of the following social effects did the unpredictability of water supplies in Mesopotamia have?3. The earliest geometers were supported primarily by（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the emergence of complex civilizations in t

46、he Middle East was dependent upon the previous development of（ ）.5. The author refers to emerging civilizations in India and China primarily in order to emphasize（ ）.问题1选项A.how climatic changes led to the founding of the earliest recorded citiesB.the influence of river life on the growth of early ci

47、vilizationsC.some of the recent findings of researchers into early human historyD.the similarities and differences among several ancient societies问题2选项A.It led to warfare over water rights among rival villages.B.It encouraged cooperation in the creation of water management systems.C.It drove farmers

48、 to settle in fertile grasslands far from the uncontrollable rivers.D.It had the actual effect of increasing the population there.问题3选项A.mechanical artisansB.traders and merchantsC.farm laborersD.land owners问题4选项A.basic techniques of agricultureB.symbolic systems for writing and mathematical computa

49、tionC.tools for constructing houses quickly and easilyD.a method for storing and transferring wealth问题5选项A.the importance of water transportation in the growth of early tradeB.the relatively advanced position enjoyed by the Middle East spread to other placesC.the rapidity with which social systems d

50、eveloped in the Middle East spread to other placesD.the crucial role played by rivers in the development of human cultures around the world【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍河流对于文明和发展的作用。因此B项“河流生命对于早期文明发展的影响”符合本文主旨大意。2.判断推理题。题干问的是:下列哪项是美索不达米亚中供水的不可预测性所产生的社会影响?第三段指出: Such efforts required

51、 a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their hum

52、an resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown (这种努力需要大量人员的前所未有的合作。只有十几户家庭的小村庄容易受到经济冲击，但是在年长村民的指导下，这些村庄可能会学着在建立协调的水治理系统中进行人

53、力资源共享，这吋候乡村的安全和稳定性以及繁荣度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不达米亚的文明之种正被播散开来)。故选 B “它激发了水资源管理体系创新的相互合作”。3.细节事实题。通过题干关键词geometers定位至第四段: Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields

54、that were periodically inundated (同样，早期的测量和估算方法，以及几何学的初期发展，都是因为需要记录土地的所有权和记录被周期性淹没的土地边界范围而刺激发展的。因此，最初几何学主要是为了记录土地的所有权和实际情况而发展的)。故选D “土地所有者”。4.判断推理题。题干为:中东地区的复杂文明的出现主要依赖于之前的哪项的发展？第一段指出: As the climate in the Middle East changed .Jed to a more complex and advanced from of civilization in both. Euphrat

55、es rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture (随着中东地区的气候变化，出现的状况导致了复杂和先进 的文明形式。当美索不达米亚的幼发拉底河变得更干旱后，产生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了拥有先进农业技术的移民。即中东地区的先进文明的发展有依靠农业技术的支持),故选A“基本的

56、农业技术”。5.作者意图题。题干为: 作者谈及印度和中国的文明出现主要是为了强调什么？根据题干定位至最后一段: Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China (同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所产生的类似的发展，比如：印度西北部河流，中国的黄河)。因此,文章中谈及印度和中国，是为了说明河流同样

57、在这些国家的发展中起到的作用,因此D项 “在世界各地人类文化的发展中，河流发挥关键的作用”正确。10.单选题At the end of the Second World War, American spending on research and development（ ） half the worlds total; today, it has dropped to one third.问题1选项A.made upB.made forC.made up forD.made from【答案】A【解析】句意:二战结束吋，美国在研究和发展上的支出占世界在这些方面总支出的一半，如今该比例下降到了三分之一。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。make up 和解，和好，组成，构成，编造，化妆，拿定主意;make for 为生产；走向，有利于，扑向；make up for 补偿，弥补，补救；make from 由制造，用制成，以谋生。