考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考前自测提分卷29(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题法律真正的意义, 是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去, 而不是对此加以限制的。问题1选项A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.B.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction

2、of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.C.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.【答案】B【解析】本句强调的是“意义”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除选项C；“真正的”这里用true比较好，real常用来指比较抽象的事物，所以选项B更准确。2.单选题Well, youre a tall man and you can c

3、arry a good deal of weight without looking awkward.问题1选项A.inconvenientB.funnyC.untidyD.clumsy【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，awkward意为笨拙的。inconvenient 不便的；funny 有趣的；untidy凌乱的，懒散的；clumsy 笨拙的。选项D与之意思相近。3.单选题Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the （ ）is toward specialization in medicine.问题1选项A.rumorB.pre

4、judiceC.tendencyD.security【答案】C【解析】rumor 谣言，传闻；prejudice 偏见，侵害；tendency倾向，趋势，癖好；security 安全，保证。句意：尽管许多医生仍然是普通的实习生，但在医学上倾向于专门化。选项C符合句意。4.单选题Her peers were her worst critics.问题1选项A.studentsB.equalsC.teachersD.subordinates【答案】B【解析】peer意为同等的人，同龄人。equal 同辈，相等的事物；subordinate下属，从属。选项B与之意思相近。5.单选题Large area

5、s of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.immatureC.parchedD.stark【答案】D【解析】句意：由于气候恶劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒凉。desolate意为“荒凉的，无人烟的”。inaccessible难 达到的，难接近的；immature不成熟的； parched炎热的，干透的；stark荒凉的，光秃秃的。选项D与之意思相近。6.单选题In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined

6、as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the proce

7、ss. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself,

8、external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a ne

9、gative one, on the decision process.During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conc

10、eptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It

11、is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor mode

12、l is decision maker who is satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision making process until the optimal decision has been reached.1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision making process （ ）.2.The phrase “i

13、n conjunction with” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by（ ）.3.All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT（ ）.4.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that rational actor would be least likely to（ ）.5.The word “it” in line 5, Paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.问题1选项A

14、.involves only the decision makerB.requires the contemplation of numerous optionsC.is made without the decision unitD.does not work in real-life situations问题2选项A.along withB.tied toC.apart fromD.connected to问题3选项A.evaluation of the problemB.focus on objectivesC.generation of optionsD.open-ended disc

15、ussions问题4选项A.deal with a specific threatB.work in a random fashionC.ponder various optionsD.consider disadvantages of options问题5选项A.each optionB.careful analysisC.the best optionD.variation【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据首段第一句“In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defi

16、ned as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation.”在决策的理论模型中，决策被定义为从一组执行选项中选择一个选项的过程。也就是说，需要考虑多种选择，选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据下文“all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process.”组织中所有参与了这个过程的人都围绕着决策者。由此可推测，决策者和组织是紧密相连的，所以选项D更恰当

17、。3.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句，决策单元的成员对一个身份不明的问题做出反应，需要通过研究问题，确定组织的目标，制定方案，评估每一个决策的优点和缺点，包括问题本身的性质，对组织施加影响的外部力量，决策单元的内部动态以及决策者的个性。选项A属于评估每一个决策的优点和缺点；选项B属于确定组织的目标；选项D属于决策单元内部的动态；所以，只有选项C没有涉及。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in re

18、sponse to a specific threat from the external environment.”决策由理性的人做出，他针对来自外部环境的特定威胁，直接而有目的地做出特定的决策。由此可知，他们做事是带有目的性的，而不是随机应变的，所以他们最不可能做的是选项B。5.推理判断题。根据原文句意可知，这里的“it”指的是上文提到的“the best option after careful analysis”经过仔细分析而选择出的最佳选项。选项C正确。7.单选题His talk was generally well received, but as for the statisti

19、cs he（ ） , I dont think all of them were up-to-date.问题1选项A.referred toB.related toC.adjusted toD.appealed to【答案】A【解析】refer to谈到，提及；relate to涉及，有关；adjust to调节，调整以适应；appeal to呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。8.单选题The Ford Foundation is one of the worlds wealthiest philanthropic

20、 organizations.问题1选项A.profligateB.governmentalC.humanitarianD.multinational【答案】C【解析】福特基金会是世界上最富有的慈善组织之一。philanthropic 意为“博爱的，仁慈的”。profligate 放荡的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主义的，博爱的；multinational多国的。选项C与之意思相近。9.单选题It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.问题1选

21、项A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。10.单选题Lisas friends have varying capacities to cope with the affliction.问题1选项A.situationB.misfortuneC.changeD.affection【答案】B【解析】affliction意为苦难，折磨。situation 情况，形势，处境；misfortune 不幸，灾祸，灾难；change 变化，找零；affection 喜爱，感情，影响。选项B与之意思相近。