考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷55(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The decision（）, the next problem was how to introduce a new budget.问题1选项A.being madeB.having madeC.was madeD.having been made【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：作了决定以后,下一个问题是如何引进新的预算。make与the decision之间为被动关系,首先排除选项B；后面的句子成分完整,如果填入选项C的话,缺少连词,所以排除

2、。根据句意可知,应该是先做完决定,然后再引进预算,所以这里应该用完成时,选项D正确。2.单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case（）very little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。makes up for补偿,弥补；adds up to合计,总计；comes up with提出,赶上；puts up with容忍,忍受。句意：我们收集到的关于那个案子的所有资料都没有什么结果。选项C

3、符合句意。3.单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4

4、）Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for

5、a/an（10）There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action i

6、s unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and（18）some actions and criticize others. If one is to m

7、aintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.fromB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intent

8、ionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.forC.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题14选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题

9、15选项A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题

10、:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意。（2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”。（4）turn to转向, 求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。（5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入ready。a ready response快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。（6）gain ones ends为固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种

11、反应来实现某种目的。（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意。（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文。（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。（11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文

12、指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。（12）attain ones goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文。（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from。（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化, 符合句意。inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符。（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形, 选项A正确。（17）be overlaid with为

13、固定搭配, 意为“被掩盖”。（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义, 故排除。（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确。（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。4.单选题Oh, what a nuisance! It（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at ho

14、me.问题1选项A.would have beenB.had beenC.would beD.was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真讨厌,我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来,我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了。would have done为虚拟语气,表示本应该做的事但却没有做。5.单选题While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.问题1选项A.be attackedB.were attackedC.are to be attack

15、edD.would be attacked【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。Lest是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。其后接的状语从句常用should+动词原形。should可以省略。所以选项A正确。句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。6.单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption

16、is by no means invariably true.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of

17、an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply m

18、ay reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals wo

19、rking alone.A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions a

20、s possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under specia

21、l circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achiev

22、ements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requir

23、es more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）2.The phrase contend with in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The

24、word brainstorming in Paragraph Four roughly means（）5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）问题1选项A.is the best way to solve any problemsB.is by no means useful in problem-solvingC.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstancesD.will inevitably p

25、roduce greater efficiency in problem-solving than individual thinking问题2选项A.handleB.argue withC.satisfyD.compete with问题3选项A.may need more time to discover an answerB.needs an effective leader to provide directionC.often fails to resolve conflicts among its membersD.will always produce better suggest

26、ions问题4选项A.offering a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problemsB.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a group of people to seek solutions to problemsC.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each otherD.forcing people to work together to sol

27、ve a problem问题5选项A.solving problems that need intensive studyB.analyzing information and dataC.dealing with national problemsD.selecting the best solution to a problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively

28、 than does a reasonably competent individual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a gr

29、oup of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。7.单选题Life insurance is financial protecti

30、on for dependents against loss（）the breadwinners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。at the cost of以为代价；on the verge of接近于,源临于；as a result of因为,由于；for the sake of为了的缘故。句意：人寿保险可以在养家糊口的人死后,为抚养其家属提供经济保障。选项C符合句意。8.单选题I apologize if I（）you, but I assure

31、 you it was unintentional.问题1选项A.offendC. had offendedB.C. had offendedB.C.had offendedB.should have offendedD.might have offended【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的虚拟，所以从句中时态应为过去完成时。选项C正确。9.单选题Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.问题1选项A.should quarrelB.might qu

32、arrelC.could have quarreledD.must have quarreled【答案】D【解析】考查推测。根据句意：彼得和大卫最近关系不好。他们一定是为了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推测用must，选项D正确。10.单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in（）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。densely浓密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、热情地；abundantly丰富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。