考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷97(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题If would be difficult for one so （ ）to be led to believe that all men are equal and that we must disregard race, color, and creed.问题1选项A.emotionalB.broadmindedC.tolerantD.intolerant【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。emotional “感情的”；broadminded “愿意听

2、取不同意见的”；tolerant “忍耐的”；intolerant “不能容忍的，偏狭的”。句意：很难让偏狭的人相信众人是平等的，我们拒绝种族、肤色、宗教。选项B符合题意。2.单选题I can think of nothing more （ ）than arriving at the theater and discovering that I have left the tickets at home.问题1选项A.viciousB.invitingC.vexatiousD.immoral【答案】C【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vicious “恶毒的，恶意的”；inviting “吸引人的，

3、诱人的”；vexatious “令人烦恼的，让人生气的”；immoral “不道德的，邪恶的”。句意：我想不出有什么事比到了电影院却发现把电影票落在家里更令人烦恼。选项C符合题意。3.单选题The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S.，routinely gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemi

4、a, even though the trait is regarded as largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month stu

5、dy of genetic screening in the American workplace, the New York Times found no other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in an organization or company. Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination and are only an effort to help them avoid pote

6、ntially harmful exposure to certain chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait not the disease, but only a single abnormal gene makes blacks more vulnerable. Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American companies doing genetic screening

7、 and thus is at the center of the debate over this area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other companies who believe the possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At least, now the officials at Du Pont Company, a leader in the chemical industry w

8、ith annual gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to determine why some workers get sicker fa

9、ster and why others seem to have more tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and loyalty of its workers to genetic structure.The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000

10、 American blacks, about two-tenths of a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of the trait they are heterozygous. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease.1.What does the author say about Du Pont?2.What do Du P

11、ont officials say?3.What is true about genetic screening?4.The underlined word toxic in the third paragraph probably means （ ）.5.What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait?问题1选项A.It examined the blood of some blacksB.It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood.C.It discovered t

12、hat some blacks have blood illness.D.It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals.问题2选项A.They are trying to protect blacks form health threats.B.They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems.C.They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter.D.

13、They hope that other companies can follow their example.问题3选项A.It often aims at black employees.B.Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia.C.Some companies do not want to do it.D.The US government strongly supports it.问题4选项A.powerfulB.complexC.thickD.poisonous问题5选项A.Their number is about 50,000.B.Th

14、ey usually seem to have normal lives.C.They include over half of the black populationD.They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段提到Du Pont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测（gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs），选项A符合题意。2.文章提到Du Pont公司官方

15、发言人强调这种做法不是歧视，而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁（Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain chemicals），选项A符合题意。3.文章提到Du Pont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋（Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is

16、in the vanguard of American companies doing genetic screening），所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。4.题干中的 toxic 是“有毒的”的意思。powerful 有力的；complex 复杂的，thick 浓的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一句Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B

17、符合题意。4.单选题Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to （ ）that he was the true owner of the house.问题1选项A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。verify “核实，查证”；entrust “委托，信托”；acknowledge “承认，答谢”；grant “授予”。句意：在贷款给他之前，银行会先证实他是否是这房子真正的主人。选项A符合题意。5.单选题I told him that I would （

18、 ）him to act for me while I was away from office.问题1选项A.identifyB.authorizeC.rationalizeD.justify【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。identify “确定；鉴定”；authorize “批准，认可；授权给”； rationalize “使合理化”； justify “证明.是正当的；替.”。句意：我告诉他在我不在办公室期间，我会授权他代表我。选项B符合题意。6.单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is

19、 certainly on the（ ）of a brilliant career.问题1选项A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考察介词短语搭配。没有 on the porch 这个搭配，排除选项A；on the threshold “即将开始”；on the edge of “在的边缘”；on the course of “在的过程中”。句意：作为学校里最年轻的教授，布朗先生正处在辉煌事业的开始阶段。选项B符合题意。7.单选题The team has been working overtime on the research project （

20、 ）.问题1选项A.latelyB.just nowC.lateD.long ago【答案】A【解析】考察副词词义辨析。lately “近来，不久前”；just now “刚刚”；late “晚，迟；在晚期”；long ago “很久以前”。句意：这个团队近来一直在为这个项目加班。选项A符合题意。8.单选题Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economistsboth conservative and lib

21、eralconcluded that “an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.”Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe. The case for free trade rests lar

22、gely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter wheth

23、er the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong (or anywhere else).The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher, pri

24、ces. Americans pay an enormous price for protectionismover $ 60 billion a year or $ 1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nation to capitalize on thei

25、r strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could

26、 become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can le

27、ast afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionists to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectio

28、nism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.1.The economists （ ）.2.The two partners in a free trade（ ）.3.What is the author

29、s attitude toward protectionism denoted from the 3rd paragraph?4.Why has protectionism always been exercised even if it is wasteful and unjust?5.According to the free trade principle, the author suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.disagree whether to restrict free trade or notB.agree on free tradeC.agree on the

30、 restriction of internal tradeD.hold different arguments because of their different interests.问题2选项A.do not care at allB.care for different thingsC.care for the things being tradedD.care for the same things问题3选项A.SincereB.AppreciativeC.GratefulD.Ironic问题4选项A.It helps to establish national industry o

31、f ones ownB.It can achieve an independent economyC.It is favored by general publicD.It benefits some privileged few.问题5选项A.U.S. explore its oil shaleB.Saudi Arabia build its own industryC.Saudi Arabia import food from the U.S.D.U.S. become more self-sufficient in food.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解

32、析】1.考察细节事实问题。文章第一段第一句Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade提到经济学家之间的不一致有很多，但是在自由贸易上却一致。选项B符合题意。2.考察推理判断问题。文章第三段第一句The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldnt trade提到自由贸

33、易双方关注的问题是 “获利”，因此二者关心的是同一问题。选项D符合题意。3.考察观点态度问题。文章第三段提到国际自由贸易导致竞争，而竞争会促使产品质量的提升。而贸易保护主义会导致垄断，比如美国。该段最后一句提到由于美国施行贸易保护主义，使得美国居民要花两倍的价钱来买糖（Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar）。本意是保护本国贸易，却导致居民消费成本大幅度增加，因此可以看出作者是带有讽刺口吻在述说这件事。选项D符合题意。4.考察细节事实问题。文章倒数第

34、一段倒数第二句This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed提到自由贸易受益的是普通大众，而贸易保护主义受益的是一些特殊集团。选项D符合题意。5.考察推理判断问题。文章第四段第二句The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-s

35、ufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us提到沙特阿拉伯如果想要食物自给自足的话需要大量的灌溉，而向美国购买粮食则经济很多，因此选项C符合题意。9.单选题According to legal provisions, the properties will either （ ）the original owner or else be sold at auction.问题1选项A.commit toB.back toC.proceed toD.revert

36、to【答案】D【解析】考察动词词组辨析。commit to “把投入”；back to “后退到”；proceed to “继续下去”；revert to “回复；归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产将归还给原主，否则就被拍卖。选项D符合题意。10.单选题With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of wh

37、om return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. stu

38、dents, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see be

39、tter options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.With respect to the role of universities in

40、the innovation process, the” speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to ga

41、in as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish,

42、 in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the I

43、nternet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that

44、are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that lo

45、w-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.1.The rapid globalization of science（ ）.2.According to this text （ ）

46、.3.It can be inferred from the text that（ ）.4.All of the following might have contributed to globalization except（ ）.5.This text is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.has led to the rapid growth of the InternetB.has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careersC.has resulted in the fierce c

47、ompetition of scientific training in the USD.has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership问题2选项A.the careers unattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign studentsB.science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively to U.S. studentsC.U.S. students are not courageou

48、s enough to face foreign competitionD.U.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students问题3选项A.scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic scienceB.it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near futureC.the boom of the 1990s c

49、ould be considered somewhat unhealthyD.the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades问题4选项A.the unprecedented development of InternetB.the closer contact of universities with private marketsC.real-time communication between business functionsD.the prevalence of wide-band width internat

50、ional communication问题5选项A.the scientific leadership of the U.SB.the shortage of scientists in the U. SC.The rapid globalization of scienceD.Better communication and globalization【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到美国40%的博士生都是来自其他国家，而这些学生在美国接受完教育后选择回到自己的祖国，因此，随着科学本身的国际化，美国在科学界领域的地位正在下降（is dimin

51、ishing）。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了美国本国的学生与国外留学生对工作选择的期望不同：那些来自于低收入国家的学生会对一个研究助理的职位趋之若鹜，而本国的学生却对此不感兴趣，他们有更好的选择(see better options in other fields)。选项A “对于美国本国学生没有吸引力的工作，对外国学生却有着吸引力”符合题意。3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投机性高涨（speculative boom），这种高涨导致学校里的老师只想尽可能多的去获得更多的经济利益 (the boom brought universities and their faculties

52、into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible)，后半部分But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and

53、more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services 提到接下来的几十年，一种健康的方式在逆转之前的道路，由此可推断90年代的繁荣被认为是不健康的。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互网的诞生、廉价的款待网络沟通方式（the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth internati

54、onal communication）、不同地方的商业机构的实时沟通都推动了全球化进程 （ real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations），所以只有选项B没有推动全球化，符合题意。5.文章第一二段主要讲述了由于留学生的增多，并且这些学生大都会选择回自己的国家，从而导致美国在科学界的领先地位开始动摇，第三段讲述了90年代那种不健康的高涨：很多学校的教师将科学与经济利益挂钩，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟导致的结果。所以文章主要在论述美国在科学界的领先地位与科学全球化的关系。选项A符合题意。