考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷42(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷42(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷42(含答案详解）（6页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelming

2、ly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. “Were talkin

3、g about admissions programs, scholarships, any program.only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-profit group.Others say theyll take their case

4、to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box.” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Mondays

5、 ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to.let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions.” Connerly said.Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushs stance opposing affirmative action, said the Depa

6、rtment of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral pro

7、grams being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. “Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate.” says Arthur Coleman, a former Department

8、 of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the nonprofit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have

9、a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some

10、 educators doubt that with Mondays ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be closed-mouthed about admissions policies, many sa

11、y they dont expect significant changes.1. What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that _.问题1选项A.no admission policies based on race should be implementedB.minority applicants should be given favorable considerationsC.different standards for admitting minority students should

12、 be set upD.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any programonly for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.（我

13、们谈论只适用于少数族裔的招生、奖学金等项目，或在这些方面录取标准的不同。），可知批评人士认为针对少数族裔，录取标准应当不同，C选项“录取少数种族学生的标准应该不同”正确。排除干扰项A选项“不应执行基于种族考虑的录取政策”：他们认为少数族裔的录取标准应该不同，参考了种族因素，属于反向干扰。B选项“少数民族申请人应当优先考虑”：录取标准不同不等于优先考虑，属于过度推断。D选项“名牌大学应该因为他们的歧视性政策而受到惩罚”：根据第一段第一、二句the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body.

14、Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities.（最高法院周一的裁决支持多元化学生群体的目标。高等教育领袖们对这一决定表示了极大的欢迎，称这再次肯定了名牌大学所采用的政策。），可知名牌大学没有歧视行为，属于反向干扰。2.翻译题商务印书馆是中国现代出版史上历史最悠久的文化出版机构。作为国内外著名的出版机构, 它为文化的传播和新知识的介绍做出了卓越的贡献。出版物遍及社会

15、科学、自然科学、应用技术、文学艺术、儿童读物、教科书、中外语文辞书、各类杂志和各个门类专业的工具书。商务印书馆的出版物, 对我国思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影响。通信卫星系统在过去的几十年中取得了很大的成功, 已引起了人们对未来的广泛的关注, 一些国家正在采用卫星来发展国内的通信, 以取代传统的陆地电话线。但是, 卫星研制、发射和运转的成本很高, 超出了一些国家的经济承受能力。尽管如此, 通信卫星系统得到了越来越多的人的重视和支持, 这种技术会在未来更加普及。【答案】The Commercial Press is the oldest cultural publishing house i

16、n the history of Chinas contemporary publication. As a well-known publishing house enjoying great prestige both at home and abroad, it has made outstanding contributions to the propagation of culture and the introduction of new knowledge. Books published by it include various categories of publicati

17、ons relative to social science, nature science, applied science, art and literature, childrens books, textbooks, dictionaries of Chinese and foreign languages, different kinds of magazines and specialized reference books, which have exerted great influence in the ideological, cultural and educationa

18、l circles of our country.Communication satellite systems have been quite a success in the past decades, evoking widespread attention to their future. Some countries have been using satellites for domestic communications in place of conventional telephone lines on land. But satellites development, la

19、unching and operation are so costly that some countries cant afford. In spite of all this, communication satellites are gaining attention and support from more and more people. The technique seems likely to be more widely utilized in the future.3.单选题The meaning of this poem is very（ ）; I really do n

20、ot understand it.问题1选项A.impreciseB.illegibleC.obscureD.dull【答案】C【解析】imprecise不精确，不确切；illegible难以辨认的，字迹模糊的；obscure晦涩难懂的；dull乏味的。根据下句：我无法理解它，说明这首诗的意义是晦涩难懂的，所以选项C符合语境。试题答案4.单选题Military orders are（ ） and cannot be disobeyed.问题1选项A.detectiveB.conservativeC.alternativeD.imperative【答案】D【解析】detective侦探的；con

21、servative保守的；alternative可选择的；imperative命令的，势在必行的。根据句意可知，这里指军事命令是必须执行的，不得不遵守。选项D符合语境。5.单选题If a decision is taken with majority voting, each member state can, in special cases,（ ）its particular national interests.问题1选项A.triggerB.assertC.fosterD.salute【答案】B【解析】trigger触发, 引起；assert维护, 主张；foster培养；salute

22、致敬, 行礼。句意：如果一个决策以多数票通过, 那么在特殊情况下, 每一个成员国都可以维护其各自的国家利益。选项B符合句意。6.单选题As soon as Henry found the gem to be（ ）, he went back to the shop and had his money back.问题1选项A.scatteredB.syntheticC.identicalD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】scattered分散的, 散乱的；synthetic人造的, 合成的；identical 同一的；conspicuous显著的。句意：Henry一发现这个钻石是人造的

23、, 他立马返回商店退款。选项B符合句意。7.单选题Many ecologists believe that raising rare animal species in protected environment will（ ） the decline of endangered wild life.问题1选项A.curbB.fosterC.inhibitD.shortens【答案】A【解析】curb控制；foster培养；inhibit抑制, 禁止；shorten缩短, 减少。句意：许多生态学家认为, 在环境保护区内饲养珍稀动物将遏制濒危野生动物的减少。选项A符合语境。8.单选题If one

24、 brand of computer is （ ）with another brand, they can be used together and can use the same software.问题1选项A.competentB.compulsoryC.comparableD.compatible【答案】D【解析】competent 胜任的, 有能力的；compulsory 义务的, 必修的；comparable同等的, 可比较的；compatible兼容的, 能共处的。句意：如果一个品牌的电脑与另一个品牌的电脑兼容, 它们就可以一起使用, 并且可以使用相同的软件。选项D符合句意。9.

25、单选题You and I agree to meet at four-thirty, I show up at 4: 33. I dont say anything, because thats close enough to satisfy our social contract. Only after five minutes do you expect me to say, “Sorry, Im late.” At ten minutes I owe you an explanation, “The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four mi

26、les out of my way.” After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After forty minutes Id better not show up at all.That sort of thingformally observed and never explicitly stated drives people from other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a for

27、eign land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time.Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offi

28、ces. They see how long people lake to answer questions.Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont give a fig about sting their bank clocks. Among American cities,

29、 Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. Californias “laid back” reputation is deserved. The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hea

30、rts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it.Now its 4:55. Im strolling, unhurried toward our 4:30 meeting. Im thinking something about Isaac Watts, the English poet, wrote:Time, what an empty vapour it

31、is;And days how swift they are!Swift as an Indian arrow flies,Or like a shooting star.That tension soaks through our view of time. Can we see time as an empty vapor? Or do our technologies define time and bind us to in? In a technology-dense world, we too often let time turn into an Indian arrowone

32、aimed at our heart.So the clock ticks, and we ask: Is time an arrow we must dodge or vapor we can ignore? If were smart, we live by the clock only when we have to. Otherwise, we sit back and play. We know how to let tine be only vapor, after all.1. In America you have to apologize sincerely if you a

33、re _.2. We know from the passage that _.3. In the United States, the pace of life is quite relaxed in _.4. Which sentence correctly restates “Smokers who drive themselves are reallyrally asking for it”?5. What the author wants to tell us is that _.问题1选项A.5 minutes lateB.20 minutes lateC.40 minutes l

34、ateD.10 minutes late问题2选项A.Indonesians do not measure the accuracy of bank clocksB.Japanese keep a fairly fast paceC.the pace of life in America is the fastestD.Italians lake their time in doing things问题3选项A.CaliforniaB.HoustonC.Los AngelesD.New York问题4选项A.Smokers should not drive cars because they

35、get into accidents easily.B.Smokers who have heart disease should not drive themselves.C.Smokers who work too hard will soon find themselves down with heart trouble.D.Smokers who drive their own cars are really asking for trouble.问题5选项A.people with heart trouble should not smokeB.time is dangerous i

36、n that it is like an arrow aimed at our heartsC.living by the clock in our technology-dense world could be fatalD.we should avoid having every moment of our life ruled by the clock【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. Af

37、ter forty minutes Id better not show up at all.（在迟到20分钟后，我必须真诚道歉。在迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面。），所以B选项“迟到20分钟”正确。A选项“迟到5分钟”对应文章第一段，此处提到在迟到五分钟后，我应该说“对不起，我来迟了”，与题干不符，属于出处错位；C选项“迟到40分钟”对应第二段“迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位；D选项“迟到10分钟”对应第二段“在迟到10分钟后，我欠你一个解释”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Japanese keep th

38、e fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont give a fig about setting their bank clocks.（日本人回答问题的速度最快。美国人紧随其后。意大利人和印尼人排在最后。意大利人对你的问题回答很长。印尼人对设置银行时钟毫不在意。），由日本人回答问题的速度可推断出日本人的生活节奏很快，

39、所以B选项“日本人的节奏相当快”正确。A选项“印度尼西亚人不会测量银行时钟的准确性”说法错误，此处只提到印度尼西亚人对银行设置的时钟不理会，并没有提到时钟的准确性测量，属于曲解原文；C选项“美国的生活节奏是最快的”说法错误，此处说到日本的生活节奏最快，美国第二，属于反向干扰；D选项“意大利人做事很费时”说法错误，此处只提到意大利人在银行回答问题的答案很长，并不意味着他们做所有的事情都费时，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York

40、is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. Californias “laid-back” reputation is deserved. The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.（在美国城市中，波士顿和堪萨斯城的生活节奏是最快的。当然，纽约在这方面一直领先，但休斯敦的节奏比纽约更快。加利福利亚“悠闲”的名声当之无愧。最慢的是洛杉矶。），由此可知洛杉矶是美国生活节奏最轻松的，所以C选项“洛杉矶”正确。A选项“加利福利亚”，虽然此处提到了加利福利亚的生活

41、很轻松，但不是最轻松的，故不选，属于出处错位；B选项“休斯顿”，此处说到纽约的生活节奏一直很快，休斯顿比纽约更快一点，而题干中问的是生活最轻松的地方，故B选项和D选项“纽约”都不选，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hearts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we

42、 keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it.（最后，我们来看看心脏病。这很棘手，因为还涉及到其他因素。我们心中最大的敌人是烟草。但心脏病也与我们保持的节奏有关。自己开车的吸烟者真的是自找麻烦），由此可推断出患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车，所以B选项“患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车”正确。A选项“吸烟者不应该开车，因为他们很容易出事故”和D选项“自己开车的烟民真是自找麻烦”此处都有提到，但是吸烟者开车并不会有什么危险，除非他患有心脏病，A、D选项都没有体现这一点，属于曲解原文；C选项“努力工作的吸烟者很快就会发现自

43、己患有心脏病”文章并没有明确提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后两段尤其最后一段的第二句If were smart, we live by the clock only when we have to.（如果我们够聪明，我们只会在必要的时候按时间行事。），结合文章可知作者把时间比喻成蒸汽和指向我们心脏的利箭，但其实患心脏病也与生活节奏有关，所以可以推断作者认为生活节奏快对身体健康是不利的，我们的生活不应该完全受时间掌控，所以D选项“我们应该避免让时钟主宰我们生活的每一刻”正确。A选项“患有心脏病的人不应该吸烟”对应文章五段，文章只在该段提到了吸烟对心脏病

44、有消极作用，但作者还提到了生活节奏太快也会导致心脏病发作，且全文都与生活节奏相关，所以A选项不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全；B选项“时间是危险的，因为它就像一支指向我们心灵的箭”对应文章倒数第二段，此处提到我们的技术定义了我们对时间的看法，它可以是一把利箭，我们也可以把它当蒸汽，这都取决于人们自己的选择，属于以偏概全；C选项“在我们这个技术密集的世界里，按时钟生活可能是致命的”对应倒数第二段的最后一句，虽然该选项说法无误，但是不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全。因此D选项正确。10.单选题At the height of the financial crisis, all they could do was _ and hope that conditions would improve.问题1选项A.hold onB.get alongC.get onD.look on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项hold on“坚持；稍等”；B选项get along“与和睦相处”；C选项get on“继续做；开始做”；D选项look on“把当作”。句意：在金融危机最严重的时候，他们能做的只有_，并希望情况会有所改善。they和横线处构成主谓关系，在金融危机时，只有A选项hold on“坚持”符合题意。因此A选项正确。